Abstract: A process and apparatus for the acid hydrolysis of waste cellulose to glucose of the type wherein waste cellulose is continuously fed into an inlet port of a twin screw extruder, water is continuously fed into reaction zone in the extruder, downstream of the inlet port, the cellulose is continuously reacted with water in the presence of an acid catalyst at elevated temperature and pressure in the reaction zone while being continuously conveyed to an outlet port of the extruder having a given diameter and the reacted cellulose is discharged from the extruder while the elevated temperature and pressure in the reaction zone is maintained. The elevated pressure is maintained by forming a dynamic seal zone at the upstream end of the reaction and continuously discharging the reacted material downstream of the outlet port at a predetermined volume rate of flow to maintain the pressure by passing the discharge through an orifice pipe having a smaller diameter than the given diameter of the outlet port.

Abstract: An improved ammunition propellant composition and method for reducing gun mber wear, erosion, flash and cook-off through use of an additive comprising a mixture of a super water absorbent starch modified polyacrylonitrile which has been subjected to alkaline saponification and water. The wear reducing additive is preferably formed into sheets which can be used with propellants selected from the group consisting of bagged propelling charges and cartridge cased propellants.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the acid hydrolysis of waste cellulose to glucose of the type wherein waste cellulose is continuously fed into an inlet port of a twin screw extruder, water is continuously fed into reaction zone in the extruder, downstream of the inlet port, the cellulose is continuously reacted with water in the presence of an acid catalyst at elevated temperature and pressure in the reaction zone while being continuously conveyed to an outlet port of the extruder having a given diameter and the reacted cellulose is discharged from the extruder while the elevated temperature and pressure in the reaction zone is maintained. The elevated pressure is maintained by forming a dynamic seal zone at the upstream end of the reaction and continuously discharging the reacted material downstream of the outlet port at a predetermined volume rate of flow to maintain the pressure by passing the discharge through an orifice pipe having a smaller diameter than the given diameter of the outlet port.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the conversion of waste cellulose to glucose wherein an aqueous slurry of waste cellulose is acid hydrolyzed includes continuously feeding an aqueous slurry of waste cellulose into an inlet port with a twin screw extruder, continuously reacting the cellulose with water in the presence of an acid catalyst at elevated temperature and pressure in a reaction zone disposed in the extruder between the inlet port and an outlet port while continuously conveying same to the outlet port and at least quasi-continuously discharging the reacted cellulose from the extruder while maintaining the elevated temperature and pressure in the reaction zone by forming a dynamic seal zone at the upstream end of the reaction zone and valving the discharge downstream of the outlet port.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the acid hydrolysis of waste cellulose to glucose of the type wherein waste cellulose is continuously fed into an inlet port of a twin screw extruder, water is continuously fed into reaction zone in the extruder downstream of the inlet port, the cellulose is continuously reacted with water in the presence of an acid catalyst at elevated temperature and pressure in the reaction zone while continuously conveying same to an outlet port of the extruder and the reacted cellulose is discharged from the extruder the elevated temperature and pressure in the reaction zone is maintained, has the elevated pressure is maintained by forming a dynamic seal zone at the upstream end of the reaction zone by providing an unthreaded and radially recessed discontinuity in the screws.

Abstract: An improved ammunition propellant composition and method for reducing gun member wear, erosion, flash and cook-off through use of an additive comprising a mixture of a super water absorbent starch modified polyacrylonitrile which has been subjected to alkaline saponification and water. The wear reducing additive is preferably formed into sheets which can be used with propellants selected from the group consisting of bagged propelling charges and cartridge cased propellants.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the conversion of waste cellulose to glucose wherein an aqueous slurry of waste cellulose is acid hydrolyzed includes continuously feeding an aqueous slurry of waste cellulose into an inlet port with a twin screw extruder, continuously reacting the cellulose with water in the presence of an acid catalyst at elevated temperature and pressure in a reaction zone disposed in the extruder between the inlet port and an outlet port while continuously conveying same to the outlet port and at least quasi-continuously discharging the reacted cellulose from the extruder while maintaining the elevated temperature and pressure in the reaction zone by forming a dynamic seal zone at the upstream end of the reaction zone and valving the discharge downstream of the outlet port.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the acid hydrolysis of waste cellulose to glucose of the type wherein waste cellulose is continuously fed into an inlet port of a twin screw extruder, water is continuously fed into reaction zone in the extruder downstream of the inlet port, the cellulose is continuously reacted with water in the presence of an acid catalyst at elevated temperature and pressure in the reaction zone while continuously conveying same to an outlet port of the extruder and the reacted cellulose is discharged from the extruder the elevated temperature and pressure in the reaction zone is maintained, has the elevated pressure is maintained by forming a dynamic seal zone at the upstream end of the reaction zone by providing an unthreaded and radially recessed discontinuity in the screws.