Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine is described. At least one composition of a gas mixture is determined in at least one combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. At least one combustion chamber pressure is detected in the interior of the combustion chamber and at least one local combustion chamber temperature is detected in the interior of the combustion chamber. The composition is inferred from the combustion chamber pressure and the combustion chamber temperature.

Abstract: An ultrasound-based measuring device includes a measurement body, at least one ultrasonic transmitter for coupling ultrasonic measurement signals into the measurement body, and at least one ultrasonic receiver for detecting the ultrasonic measurement signals reflected at an end face of the measurement body. The at least one ultrasonic transmitter emits both a longitudinal and a transverse measurement signal. The influence of a physical disturbance variable on the measurement section traversed by the measurement signals during a determination of a measurement pressure prevailing at the end face and/or of a measurement temperature prevailing at the end face can be taken into account on the basis of the propagation times and a difference between the propagation times of the longitudinal and transverse measurement signals reflected at the end face.

Abstract: A method for detecting at least one unevenness of the road surface includes reading in a plurality of records that each have at least one geographic position and one information item allocated to this geographic position about a detected local unevenness of the road surface. The method further includes detecting the unevenness of the road surface when information, allocated to an identical geographic position, from a number of records represents in each case a locally detected unevenness of the road surface.

Abstract: A measurement sensor for analyzing a nonpolar liquid contains a field effect transistor that has an exposed gate contact for wetting with the nonpolar liquid, and an electrical shield that surrounds the gate contact and has openings for inflow and outflow of the nonpolar liquid.

Abstract: An ultrasound-based measuring device includes a measurement body, at least one ultrasonic transmitter for coupling ultrasonic measurement signals into the measurement body, and at least one ultrasonic receiver for detecting the ultrasonic measurement signals reflected at an end face of the measurement body. The at least one ultrasonic transmitter emits both a longitudinal and a transverse measurement signal. The influence of a physical disturbance variable on the measurement section traversed by the measurement signals during a determination of a measurement pressure prevailing at the end face and/or of a measurement temperature prevailing at the end face can be taken into account on the basis of the propagation times and a difference between the propagation times of the longitudinal and transverse measurement signals reflected at the end face.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine is described. At least one composition of a gas mixture is determined in at least one combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. At least one combustion chamber pressure is detected in the interior of the combustion chamber and at least one local combustion chamber temperature is detected in the interior of the combustion chamber. The composition is inferred from the combustion chamber pressure and the combustion chamber temperature.

Abstract: A measurement sensor for analyzing a nonpolar liquid contains a field effect transistor that has an exposed gate contact for wetting with the nonpolar liquid, and an electrical shield that surrounds the gate contact and has openings for inflow and outflow of the nonpolar liquid.

Abstract: A method and a device for correcting a signal of a sensor provide for maximally accurate drift compensation of a characteristics curve of the sensor. At least one characteristic quantity of the signal of the sensor is compared with a reference value. The signal of the sensor is corrected as a function of the comparison result. A value of the at least one characteristic quantity of the signal of the sensor derived from the signal of the sensor is formed as the reference value.

Abstract: A sensor system for measuring the pressure in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, by the use of which a high measuring accuracy may be achieved, based on high measuring sensitivity and great thermal stability. In addition, the construction of the sensor system makes possible great system flexibility, and particularly very space-saving installation in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A sensor made of a single-crystal, piezoelectric material for measuring the pressure in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, having a pressure transmission pin, a displaceably mounted heating pin protruding into the combustion chamber being provided as the pressure transmission pin, and the sensor being friction-locked with the heating pin. The sensor is preferably situated between the heating pin and a rigid thrust bearing. The single-crystal piezoelectric material of the sensor is preferably made of lithium niobate (LiNbO3). A particularly high sensitivity of the sensor is achieved by the use of a Z-cut or Y-cut piezoelectric material.

Abstract: A sensor system for measuring the pressure in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, by the use of which a high measuring accuracy may be achieved, based on high measuring sensitivity and great thermal stability. In addition, the construction of the sensor system makes possible great system flexibility, and particularly very space-saving installation in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A method for producing a component is provided, in particular a deformation sensor, having a sensor element which includes at least one region that is sensitive with respect to expansion or compression, as well as electrical structures which are in connection therewith. To this end, a sacrificial layer is produced on or within a substrate and an activatable layer on top of the sacrificial layer, the sensitive region and at least a portion of the electrical structures being positioned on top or within an activatable layer, and a circumferential trench is produced around the region of the sensor element to be produced and having the sensitive region and the portion of the electrical structures, the trench being interrupted by at least one connecting point, which connects the region of the sensor element to the portion of the activatable layer lying outside the circumferential trench.

Abstract: The invention relates to an economical pressure measuring device as well as to a favorable method for pressure determination, with which a pressure measurement can be performed from outside the high-pressure container. To that end, the device comprises an ultrasound transmitter mounted outside the pressure container and an ultrasound receiver by means of which transmitter and receiver the transit time of an ultrasonic pulse traveling through the liquid contained in the high-pressure container can be ascertained, and the method comprises generating an ultrasonic pulse outside the high-pressure container measuring the time that the ultrasonic pulse requires to traverse a defined distance calculating the pulse speed of the pulse in the liquid; and from that determining the pressure in the liquid.

Abstract: The invention relates to an economical pressure measuring device as well as to a favorable method for pressure determination, with which a pressure measurement can be performed from outside the high-pressure container. To that end, the device comprises an ultrasound transmitter mounted outside the pressure container and an ultrasound receiver by means of which transmitter and receiver the transit time of an ultrasonic pulse traveling through the liquid contained in the high-pressure container can be ascertained, and the method comprises generating an ultrasonic pulse outside the high-pressure container measuring the time that the ultrasonic pulse requires to traverse a defined distance calculating the pulse speed of the pulse in the liquid; and from that determining the pressure in the liquid.

Abstract: A method for producing a component is provided, in particular a deformation sensor, having a sensor element which includes at least one region that is sensitive with respect to expansion or compression, as well as electrical structures which are in connection therewith. To this end, a sacrificial layer is produced on or within a substrate and an activatable layer on top of the sacrificial layer, the sensitive region and at least a portion of the electrical structures being positioned on top or within an activatable layer, and a circumferential trench is produced around the region of the sensor element to be produced and having the sensitive region and the portion of the electrical structures, the trench being interrupted by at least one connecting point, which connects the region of the sensor element to the portion of the activatable layer lying outside the circumferential trench.

Abstract: A device for measuring weight in a vehicle includes an expansion unit which becomes elongated under the influence of the weight being measured, and a sensor system which determines the elongation through a transit time measurement. Ultrasonic pulses are used for the transit time measurement.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a micromechanical pressure sensor and a pressure sensor manufactured using this method. The pressure is measured in the pressure sensor composed of at least two components via a capacitance measurement of a capacitor, the pressure sensor having at least one first electrode and one first diaphragm. The movement of the diaphragm causes a change in the capacitance of the capacitor which may be used in the capacitance measurement as a measure for the pressure variable to be measured. It is important that, prior to assembly, the first and the second components of the pressure sensor be processed separately. The first component has at least one semiconductor material and the first electrode, whereas the second component is made of metal, at least in part, and contains at least the first diaphragm.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a sensor, the sensor including a three-dimensional interdigital electrode arrangement positioned on a substrate, comprising applying a temperature sensing resistor onto the substrate by sputtering a first adhesion layer and a first metallic layer onto the substrate, applying a first resist layer to the first metallic layer, applying and structuring a first resist material on the first metallic layer, and after structuring, etching the first metallic layer in resist free areas; and applying a three-dimensional interdigital electrode arrangement onto the substrate by sputtering a second adhesion layer and a second metallic layer onto the substrate, applying and structuring a second resist material only to second metal layer, after the structuring, etching the second metallic layer in resist free areas to form valleys, and after etching the second metallic layer, applying an electroplating layer.

Abstract: A method of deciding with a high reliability whether an impact with the front side of a vehicle has been caused by a pedestrian is described. Two decision criteria are formed, and only if both decision criteria are met is it decided an impact with a pedestrian has occurred. The first decision criterion is determined by the fact that the pressures or deformations measured by a sensor on the bumper and a sensor in the area of the front edge of the engine hood are compared with reference quantities typical of impact with a pedestrian. The second decision criterion is determined by the fact that the changes in velocity and/or acceleration of the vehicle caused by an impact are determined, and then the changes in velocity and/or acceleration are compared with reference quantities which are typical of impact with a pedestrian.

Abstract: A swirl disk is composed of at least one metallic material, and is configured as having at least one intake area and at least one outlet orifice, the at least one outlet orifice being introduced in a lower base layer, and having at least two swirl channels emptying into a swirl chamber, the swirl chamber being provided in a central swirl-producing layer. An upper layer is configured as a cover layer, which over its entire cross-sectional surface represents a closed layer without orifice contours. All the layers of the swirl disk are directly built up on top of each other using electroplating metal deposition (multilayer electroplating). The swirl disk is suitable for a use in a fuel injection valve, in particular in a high-pressure injection valve for directly injecting the fuel into a combustion chamber of a mixture-compressing, external-ignition internal combustion engine.