Abstract: Disclosed is an arylamidine derivative represented by the following general formula: (wherein R1 and R2 independently represent an optionally substituted C3-4 alkyl group) or a salt thereof, which is useful as an antifungal agent.

Abstract: There is disclosed compounds of formula 1, their preparation, intermediates for the preparation and the use of the compounds of the formula 1 as catalysts in various metathesis reactions. The novel metathesis catalysts, which are obtained from readily available precursors, have a high activity and can be used for any type of metathesis reaction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of making compounds that inhibit 11-?-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 enzyme (11-? HSD1). One method comprises (a) contacting a compound of formula (II) with a chiral base, deprotonating agent, and an alkylating agent R3-LG, (b) contacting the product of (a) with an acid to form a salt, and (c) reacting the salt with a base to form the compound of formula (I); wherein Z, R1, R2, and R3 are defined herein.

Abstract: N-hydroxy-3-[4-[[[2-(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]-2E-2-propenamide and starting materials therefore are prepared by new synthetic methods.

Abstract: A photoacid generator represented by Formula 1 or Formula 2: wherein R1, R2, and R3 are each independently a C1-C10 alkyl group, X is a C3-C20 alicyclic hydrocarbon group forming a ring with S+, and at least one CH2 group in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced with at least one selected from the group consisting of S, O, NH, a carbonyl group, and R5—S+A?, where R5 is a C1-C10 alkyl group, and A? is a counter-ion.

Abstract: Compounds of Formulae Ia wherein R1-R9 taken independently are preferably a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or any other organic groups or grouping, Z and X are independently and preferably a heteroatom such as oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen groupings are useful for treatment of bacterial and fungal infections.

Abstract: A process of preparing cyclic ethers is described. The process involves the reaction of at least one organic compound such as a dioi or a polyol which it has at least one pair of hydroxyl groups separated by 4 or 5 carbon atoms, and which is capable of being converted into an ether linkage, with an organic carbonate in the presence of a base. The base is an alkoxy, a carbonate or a hydroxide base or is a mixture of such bases. At least one of the hydroxyl groups of the organic compound is not a tertiary hydroxyl group.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for the preparation of dronedarone and its salts, in particular a synthesis process which allows said compound and its salts to be obtained with good yields, high purity and in an industrially expedient manner; the invention also concerns a new synthesis intermediate.

Abstract: Cyclohexanedione compounds of Formula (I) wherein R1 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, cyclopropyl, halomethyl, haloethyl, halogen, vinyl, ethynyl, methoxy, ethoxy, halomethoxy or haloethoxy, R2 and R3 are, independently hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6alkoxy, C1-C6haloalkoxy, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6haloalkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, C3-C6alkenyloxy, C3-C6haloalkenyloxy, C3-C6alkynyloxy, C3-C6cycloalkyl, C1-C6alkylthio, C1-C6alkylsulfinyl, C1-C6alkylsulfonyl, C1-C6alkylsulfonyloxy, C1-C6haloalkylsulfonyloxy, cyano, nitro, phenyl, phenyl substituted by C1-C4alkyl, C1-C3Cahaloalkyl, C1-C3alkoxy, C1-C3haloalkoxy, cyano, nitro, halogen, C1-C3alkylthio, C1-C3alkylsulfinyl or C1-C3alkylsulfonyl, or heteroaryl or heteroaryl substituted by C1-C3Calkyl, d.

Abstract: Provided is a method of efficiently producing an epoxy compound from an allyl ether having an aromatic ring under mild conditions by using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent without using an organic solvent. The method of producing an epoxy compound comprises reacting an allyl ether having an aromatic ring with hydrogen peroxide to epoxidize a carbon-carbon double bond of an allyl group to thereby produce a corresponding epoxy compound having an aromatic ring, wherein water only is used as a solvent without using an organic solvent, and a tungsten compound, and a tertiary amine and/or a quaternary ammonium salt, are used as a reaction catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the epoxidation of an olefin comprising contacting a reactor feed comprising an olefin, oxygen, and carbon dioxide, with a catalyst comprising a carrier and, deposited on the carrier, silver, a rhenium promoter, a first co-promoter, and a second co-promoter; wherein the carbon dioxide is present in the reactor feed in a quantity of at most 3 mole percent based on the total epoxidation reactor feed; the first co-promoter is selected from sulfur, phosphorus, boron, and mixtures thereof; and the second co-promoter is selected from tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, and mixtures thereof; a process for preparing a 1,2-diol, a 1,2-diol ether, a 1,2-carbonate, or an alkanolamine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to steroidal ligands for use in nuclear receptor-based inducible gene expression systems. The invention further relates to methods of modulating the expression of genes of interest with a system containing one or more nuclear receptor complexes and one or more steroidal ligands. Further aspects include ligand compositions including therapeutic compositions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for producing Dialkyl substituted fatty acids amides. More particularly the present invention provides a process for producing pure form of N,N-dimethylamide of aliphatic carboxylic acids, wherein the aliphatic carboxylic acid is Octanoic Acid and Hexanoic Acid. The disclosed process comprises condensing Alkanoyl Chloride with dilute solution of Dialkylamine at a temperature of about 8 to 12° C. and isolating the crude by salting out the reaction mixture employing Sodium Chloride and distilling the same under vacuum.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for preparing a fluid concentrated ingredient based on crystals based on a fatty acid ester, and also to the use of this fluid concentrated ingredient.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for esterifying free fatty acids in vegetable and animal fat with alcohols over heterogeneous acidic ion exchange resin catalysts at temperatures of 60 to 120° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to substances which can be applied to the technical fields of gas storages, polymerization catalysts and optical isomers, their intermediates, and processes for preparing the same, which is characterized in that 1) possible disintegration of structure of the scaffold material (SM) is impeded, and 2) they are prepared by a simple manufacturing system as compared to the substances conventionally suggested in the application field. Specifically, it relates to scaffold material-transition metal hydride complexes comprised of scaffold material (SM) and transition metal hydride (M1H(n-1)) which is chemically bonded to the functional groups formed on the scaffold material, SM-transition metal halide complex and SM-transition metal ligand complex as the precursors, and a process for preparing the same. The SM-transition metal hydride complex according to the present invention is a substance for hydrogen storage which adsorbs hydrogen via Kubas adsorption.

Abstract: Disclosed are alkoxysilane compounds having two fluoroalkyl groups and represented by the following general formula (1): wherein Rf and Rf? are each a fluoroalkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R1 is a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic monovalent hydrocarbon group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R2 and R3 are each methyl group or ethyl group, X and Y are each an ether linkage or an ester linkage, a and b are each 0 or 1, m, n and p are each an integer of 0 to 6, q is an integer of 1 to 6, and r is an integer of 0 to 2. By treating an inorganic material with the alkoxysilane compound having ether linkage and two fluoroalkyl groups, high water and oil repellency and high sliding properties can be imparted to the inorganic material. The alkoxysilane compounds can be easily purified, owing to enhancement of volatility by the branched structure.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for practical, stereoselective allylation and crotylation for aldehyde substrates are described. The compositions and methods comprise reagents for allylation and/or crotylation and acids. In some embodiments, the reagents and acids are pre-mixed.

Abstract: 1,4,6,10-tetra-double bond pentadec-carbon phosphonate of formula (4), and preparation method thereof are provided. The preparation method comprises: reacting a pseudo ionone of formula (2) with sulfonium salt to prepare a epoxide of formula (9), and then reacting the epoxide of formula (9) with magnesium bromide to prepare a C-14 aldehyde of formula (3); condensing the C-14 aldehyde of formula (3) with tetra-alkyl methylene diphosphonate to obtain 1,4,6,10-tetra-double bond pentadec-carbon phosphonate of formula (4). Furthermore, the preparation method of lycopene via 1,4,6,10-tetra-double bond pentadec-carbon phosphonate of formula (4) is also provided. The present method has the advantages of short route, easily obtained raw materials, and low cost.

Abstract: The present invention provides ?-hydroxy-?-aminophosphonates, ?-amino-?-aminophosphonates, and analogs thereof that inhibit carnitine acyltransferases. The invention also provides compositions comprising these ?-hydroxy-?-aminophosphonates, ?-amino-?-aminophosphonates, and analogs, and methods of the use of such compounds and compositions in the treatment, amelioration or prevention of pathological conditions, diseases or disorders that are linked with fatty acid metabolism, such as non-insulin dependent diabetes or obesity. The invention also provides processes for the preparation of such compounds and compositions.

Abstract: This invention pertains generally to prostacyclin analogs and methods for their use in promoting vasodilation, inhibiting platelet aggregation and thrombus formation, stimulating thrombolysis, inhibiting cell proliferation (including vascular remodeling), providing cytoprotection, preventing atherogenesis and inducing angiogenesis. Generally, the compounds and methods of the present invention increase the oral bioavailability and circulating concentrations of treprostinil when administered orally.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing sulfur-containing carboxylic acid esters that are useful for aromatizing and flavoring purpose and can cater to the needs for diversified aromatized and/or flavored products, and to further provide a fragrance and/or flavor composition comprising the ester producible by the method and an aromatized and/or flavored product comprising the same. The sulfur-containing carboxylic acid ester is represented by the following formula (3): wherein R1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an optionally substituted phenyl group (wherein the substituent thereof is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms), R2 and R3 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, or R2 and R3 together form an alkylene group, and R4 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Process for the optical resolution of the compound of formula (I): by chiral chromatography. Application in the synthesis of ivabradine, of its addition salts with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid and of their hydrates.

Abstract: A process for the continuous production of a compound of Formula (II), HO—R1—ONO2 (II) wherein R1 is a straight chain alkyl radical having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, in a two-phase solvent system, comprising contacting a compound of Formula (I), HO—R1—OH (I) wherein R1 is as defined above, with nitric acid in the presence of a first solvent, wherein the compound of Formula (II) is continuously extracted into a second solvent, and the reaction is carried out in a mixing microreactor which provides a power loss of at least 1.3 times the power loss provided under identical conditions by a circular cross-section straight-channel microreactor having an internal diameter equal to the average hydraulic diameter of the mixing microreactor and a length equal to the length of the mixing microreactor.

Abstract: A process for the selective production of vinyl ester by the reaction of a carboxylic acid with acetylene with a homogeneous catalyst is disclosed and claimed. In one aspect, esters of neoacids are provided.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the invention relates to a process for producing an acrylate product. The process comprises the step of reacting a reaction mixture comprising an alkanoic acid and an alkylenating agent composition under conditions effective to form a crude acrylate product. The alkylenating agent composition comprises at least 1 wt % of a ring-structured compound comprising at least two oxygen atoms and at least one carbon atom, e.g., trioxane and/or tetraoxane. The process further comprises the step of separating at least a portion of the crude acrylate product to form at least one alkylenating agent stream and at least one purified acrylate product stream comprising acrylate product.

Abstract: Process for producing methyl acetate by carbonylating a dimethyl ether feed with carbon monoxide under substantially anhydrous conditions in the presence of a mordenite catalyst which has been ion-exchanged or otherwise loaded with at least one of silver and copper. The mordenite is also ion-exchanged or otherwise loaded with platinum in an amount in the range 0.05 to 10 mol % relative to aluminum.

Abstract: Low chlorine, multi-staged method for producing cycloaliphatic diisocyanates. The invention relates to a multi-staged method for the continuous low-chlorine production of cycloaliphatic diisocyanates, comprising the synthesis of diaminodipheynl alkanes, the hydration thereof into the corresponding cycloaliphatic diamines and the subsequent conversion of cycloaliphatic diamines to the corresponding cycloalkylene biscarbamates and the thermal cleaving of the latter into the cycloaliphatic diisocyanates and alcohol.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to amine-functionalized task-specific ionic liquids (TSILs). In certain embodiments, the ionic liquids of the invention comprise beta-hydroxy amines, aryl amines or tertiary amines. The TSILs may be used for gas capture, capitalizing on their non-volatile nature. In certain embodiments, the captured gas is selected from the group consisting of CO2, SO2, CS2, and NO2. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a library of CO2-philic salts, which library facilitates reactive gas separation. In certain embodiments, the CO2-philic salts are CO2-reactive TSILs. In certain embodiments, the CO2-philic salts are resinous or plastic in nature.

Abstract: Disclosed are procatalyst compositions having an internal electron donor which include a substituted phenylene aromatic diester and optionally an electron donor component. Ziegler-Natta catalyst compositions containing the present procatalyst compositions exhibit high activity and produce propylene-based olefins with broad molecular weight distribution.

Abstract: Improved method of production of 9-(Z)-retinoic acid, in which a) a ?-formyl-crotonic acid C1-C10 alkyl or phenyl ester is reacted with an isolated 9-(Z)—C15-triarylphosphonium salt by the Wittig reaction in the presence of a base to the corresponding 9-(Z)-retinoic acid ester; which b) is then saponified with a base to the corresponding 9-(Z)-retinoic acid carboxylate and then, following protonation with an acid, the desired 9-(Z)-retinoic acid is obtained, and improved method for the enrichment and isolation of the 9-(Z)—C15-triarylphosphonium salt.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing dicarboxylic acids from saturated and cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons by oxidation at a reaction temperature comprised in the range of 25 to 300° C. in an autoclave using a solid heterogeneous catalyst. More particularly, the method of the invention relates to a method for preparing adipic acid (AA) from cyclohexane (CH) by selective oxidation.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel and more efficient synthesis's for obtaining an intermediate in the synthesis of obtaining a protecting group aminoxy PEG linker.

Abstract: A method for depleting halide ions from liquid ammonia, which comprises bringing the liquid ammonia into contact with a strongly basic ion exchanger, where the basic structure of the strongly basic ion exchanger is a covalently crosslinked polymer matrix and the content of ammonia in the liquid ammonia is more than 98% by weight.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing N,N-substituted 3-aminopropan-1-ols by a) reacting secondary amine with acrolein at a temperature of (?50) to 100° C. and a pressure of 0.01 to 300 bar, and b) reacting the reaction mixture obtained in stage a) with hydrogen and ammonia in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst at a pressure of 1 to 400 bar, wherein the molar ratio of secondary amine to acrolein in stage a) is 1:1 or more and the temperature in stage b) is in the range from (?50) to 70° C. In a preferred embodiment, acrolein which has been obtained from glycerol based on renewable raw materials is used.

Abstract: This invention concerns product and process to convert a hydroxyl group (bold in R3C—OH) in a tigliane-type compound to a hydrogen (bold in R3C—H) to obtain deoxytigliane-type compounds or structural or functional analogs thereof. The process has wide application particularly to produce specific biologically active compounds in quantity for use as pharmaceuticals. In particular the process can be used to convert phorbol to a 12-deoxytigliane (prostratin), which is a therapeutic lead for the treatment of AIDS. New compositions of matter are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present application relates to a method for manufacturing tert-butyl hydroperoxide that includes the following steps: a) fermenting renewable raw materials and optionally purifying the same to produce a mixture containing at least butanol; b) dehydrating the butanol into butane; c) converting the butane into isobutene and optionally hydrating the isobutene to produce tert-butanol; d) reacting the product of step c) with hydrogen peroxide so as to produce tert-butyl hydroperoxide; and e) isolating the tert-butyl hydroperoxide. The invention also relates to tert-butyl hydroperoxide containing carbon atoms from renewable resources, to the compositions containing said tert-butyl hydroperoxide, and also relates to the use thereof as a polymerization initiator.

Abstract: The invention relates to an oleogel-forming agent which comprises at least one highly dispersed triterpene. The invention also relates to an oleogel which comprises a nonpolar liquid in an amount ranging from 80% by weight to 99% by weight based on the total weight of the oleogel and an oleogel-forming agent comprising a highly dispersed triterpene in an amount ranging from 1% by weight to 20% by weight based on the total weight of the oleogel. The invention also relates to a method for producing an oleogel.

Abstract: Process for purifying hydrogen chloride, comprising at least one step of bringing said hydrogen chloride into contact with a scrubbing agent containing at least one chlorohydrin.

Abstract: A process hydrogenating alkanoic acids in the presence of a catalyst that comprises supports, one or more metals, tungsten oxide, and at least one alkaline earth metal oxide or metasilicate. The molar ratio of the at least one alkaline earth metal oxide or metasilicate to tungsten oxide, based on the metals, is from 1:3 to 5:1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for producing ethanol using a catalyst comprising rhodium and tin on a support. The rhodium and tin may be present in a molar ratio of 20:80 to 80:20.

Abstract: A process for producing ethanol is disclosed, comprising the steps of hydrogenating acetic acid in a reactor in the presence of a catalyst to form a crude ethanol product, separating at least a portion of the crude ethanol product in a column into a first distillate comprising ethanol and a first residue comprising acetic acid and water, wherein a substantial portion of the water in the crude ethanol product that is fed to the column is removed in the first residue, and separating a portion of the ethanol mixture stream to the second distillation column to yield an ethanol product sidedraw, second residue comprising water and a second distillate comprising ethyl acetate. The water content of the ethanol product sidedraw may be further reduced to yield a stream having reduced water content.

Abstract: A process for preparing dimethyl ether or a mixture of dimethyl ether and methanol including passing a raw gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen through a catalyst slurry containing a mixture including (a) a medium oil having as a main component, a branched, saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon having 16 to 50 carbon atoms, 1 to 7 tertiary carbon atoms, 0 quaternary carbon atoms, and 1 to 16 carbon atoms in the branched chains bonded to the tertiary carbon atom; and at least one of the tertiary carbon atoms is bonded to hydrocarbon chains with a chain length having 4 or more of carbon atoms in three directions, (b) a methanol synthesis catalyst; (c) a methanol dehydration catalyst; and (d) a methanol shift catalyst or a methanol dehydration/shift catalyst.

Abstract: A subject-matter of the invention is a process for the preparation of fluoroolefin compounds. It relates more particularly to a process for the manufacture of a compound of formula (I) CF3—CF?CHX in which X represents a hydrogen or fluorine atom, comprising at least one stage of dehydrofluorination of a compound of formula (II) CF3—CHF—CHFX during which the compound of formula (II) is brought into contact with a mixture composed of water and of potassium hydroxide in which the potassium hydroxide is present in an amount of between 58 and 86% by weight.

Abstract: Process for preparing perfluoro-1,3-butadiene, comprising the following steps: A) preparation of fluoro-halo-butanes of formula: CF2YI—CFYII—CFYII—CF2YI??(V) in which YI and YII, which may be identical or different, may be H, Cl or Br, with the condition that YI and YII are not simultaneously hydrogen; starting with a chloroolefin having the formula: CY?Y?CY?Cl??(II) in which Y, Y?, Y?, which may be identical or different, are H, Cl or Br, with the condition that Y, Y?, Y? are not simultaneously hydrogen; and performing the following steps: a fluorodimerization, and a fluorination with elemental fluorine, the order of the two steps also possibly being inverted, a dehalogenation or dehydrohalogenation step being performed between the two steps, B) dehalogenation or dehydrohalogenation of the fluoro-halo compounds of formula (V) to give the compound perfluoro-1,3-butadiene.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for its preparation comprising (a) converting 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,3-dichloropropane (243db) to 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-chloro-prop-1-ene (CF3CCI?CH2) in the presence of a first catalyst in a first reactor, (b) contacting CF3CCI?CH2 with a fluorinating agent in the presence of a second catalyst in a second reactor to produce a compound of formula CF3CFXCH3, wherein X?Cl or F, and (c) dehydrohalogenating the compound of formula CF3CFXCH3 to produce 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf).

Abstract: Unleaded blend composition having a Motor Octane Number (MON) of at least 80 having less than 42% of aromatic compounds, and at least 2% by volume of the total composition of component (a?), which is a substantially aliphatic hydrocarbon refinery stream of MON value of at least 85. At least 70% in total of the stream is branched chain alkanes, the stream being obtained by distillation from a refinery material as a cut having Initial Boiling Point of at least 15° C. and Final Boiling Point of at most 160° C. The Boiling Points are measured according to ASTMID2892. At least 5% of at least one paraffin, aromatic hydrocarbon compound or olefinic hydrocarbon has a bp 60-160° C., with not more than 5% of the total composition of hydrocarbon having a bp more than 160° C. Less than 5% 2,2,3-trimethylbutane or 2,2,3-trimethylpentane is present.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a method for sequestering carbon dioxide. Biomass is converted into paraffinic hydrocarbons. The paraffinic hydrocarbons are steam cracked into olefins. The olefins are polymerized into non-biodegradable polyolefins.

Abstract: This disclosure provides for alpha olefin oligomers and polyalphaolefins (or PAOs) and methods of making the alpha olefin oligomers and PAOs. This disclosure encompasses metallocene-based alpha olefin oligomerization catalyst systems, including those that include at least one metallocene and an activator comprising a solid oxide chemically-treated with an electron withdrawing anion. The alpha olefin oligomers and PAOs prepared with these catalyst systems can have a high viscosity index combined with a low pour point, making them particularly useful in lubricant compositions and as viscosity modifiers.

Abstract: The invention relates to series reactor beds containing different oligomerization catalysts and having independent temperature control, and processes for the oligomerization of light olefins to heavier olefins using such series reactor beds.