Abstract: A furnace for combusting wood comprises a firebox floor in a primary burn chamber of the furnace, where the wood is received for generating a gas therefrom, that is defined by a thermally conductive body of refractory material. The body of refractory material defines an upper support surface arranged to support the wood above or over the same. The body of refractory material also defines, beneath the upper support surface, a duct as part of a secondary burn chamber of the furnace which is arranged (i) to be communicated with the primary burn chamber of the furnace to receive the gas generated by heating of the wood therein and carrying combustible products, and (ii) to convey the gas in a manner supporting combustion of the combustible products carried thereby.

Abstract: The present application provides a heat exchange assembly for exchanging heat between a coolant and a gaseous medium. The heat exchange assembly may include an outer jacket, a number of gas tubes positioned within the outer jacket, and a self-cleaning system positioned about the gas tubes. The self-cleaning system may include a number of chains extending through the gas tubes.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a recovery boiler startup burner assembly that can mitigate the harmful effects of smelt fouling, airflow interference, and operator exposure to hot air from the furnace and win box through use of an extractable startup burner and an isolation chamber engaged to a windbox. The present disclosure also describes a method for safely extracting a startup burner from an active recovery boiler as has method for inserting an extractable startup burner into a recovery boiler during operation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat recuperator (R) for a radiating tube burner having a burner pipe and an exhaust pipe (1), the recuperator being placed at the outlet of the exhaust pipe (1) and including a heat exchanger (E) that comprises: an outgoing section (5) for directing the air to be preheated to a ferrule (6), placed on the end of the recuperator, from the fume intake side, and a return section (7) opening towards a pipe (8) for supplying air from the burner, the assembly being provided such that part of the fumes are led through, and mix with, the combustion air; the heat exchanger (E) occupies only part of the cross-section of the exhaust pipe (1), the other part (1a) of the cross-section remaining free for the fumes; the combustion air is heated by the fumes in the outgoing section (5) and in the return section (7), being radially shifted outside the outgoing section (5) and immersed in the fumes.

Abstract: A steam generator for producing superheated steam in a waste incineration plant, includes a boiler housing having a combustion chamber with walls having an evaporator. The evaporator has tubes carrying water and being acted upon by heat energy released during incineration of waste, for producing superheated steam. A wall superheater for increasing temperature of the superheated steam includes a plurality of tubes in a wall of the boiler housing for carrying superheated steam being protected against flue gas from an incineration process by plate-like elements formed of a corrosion-proof material. The boiler housing includes an evaporator housing section having the water-carrying tubes and a wall-superheater housing section spatially separated from the evaporator housing section and having the superheated steam-carrying tubes. The wall-superheater housing section is movable relative to and disposed downstream of the evaporator housing section in flue gas flow direction.

Abstract: Pyrolytic gas generator for generating clean useful gas from biomass, particularly wood, oil seeds or the like, where a gasification channel in multi-chambered construction is provided, which gasification channel is provided with an assist burner which can supply heat from the outside to the gasification channel during gasification of the biomass, a pre-pyrolyzing pipe is connected upstream of the gasification channel and an ash discharge downstream of the gasification channel, wherein the generated gases are re-gasified in the gasification channel while the material to be gasified is mechanically transported from a material container to the ash discharge.

Abstract: A burning equipment for improving burning efficiency with a simple structure. The burning equipment includes a burning chamber having a top plate section and a bottom plate section; a first burn-promoting plate extending downward from the top plate section until the lower end reaches a prescribed height from the bottom plate section, dividing the burning chamber into a primary burning chamber and a secondary burning chamber, and having a plurality of through-holes; and an air outlet being provided to the secondary burning chamber. The air outlet is provided to the top plate section. A second burn-promoting plate extends downward from the top plate section, in the secondary burning chamber, until the lower end reaches a prescribed height from the bottom plate section. It divides an opening of the air outlet and also has a plurality of through-holes.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the clean and convenient combustion of high viscosity liquid fuels, such as glycerol, as well as an apparatus useful for carrying such processes. In certain embodiments, the invention provides a process for glycerol combustion comprising providing a combustion apparatus with a glycerol combustion chamber that facilitates reflective heating, pre-heating the glycerol combustion chamber, atomizing the reduced viscosity glycerol, and combining the atomized glycerol with air in the glycerol combustion chamber to thereby completely combust the glycerol. In one embodiment, such as when using a pressure-atomizing nozzle, the inventive method may further comprise treating the glycerol to reduce the glycerol viscosity.

Abstract: This invention relates to a boiler (1) drying, igniting and combusting refuse and producing steam (2, 2a) by heat exchange with flue gases (3), said boiler defining a main flow direction (5) of gases, said boiler (1) comprising a separator element (4) and an end superheater (8), the separator element (4) being adapted for separating said flue gases (3) into streams of a less-corrosive gas flow (6) and a corrosive gas flow (7), said separator element (4) being located substantially in and along said main flow direction (5), said end superheater (8) being located in proximity to said separator element (4) and in the flow (6) of said less-corrosive gas. Said separator element (4) comprises a plate (4a) or a wall (4b), which in a number of said separator elements (4) forms a channel as another separator element. This provides for an increased lifetime of said superheater and makes the boiler provide a high and efficient electrical power output.

Abstract: A gasification system is disclosed having a combustion or reaction vessel, a scrubber housing, and a filter housing. A carbonaceous fuel is partially combusted in the reaction vessel to generate a combustible gas. An improved ash support and removal system reduces clogging and other problems in the reaction vessel. The combustible gas passes through the scrubber housing to remove matter such as tar and oil, and the scrubbed gas passes through a hybrid blower to the filter housing. Wood chips are used in the filter housing to provide a relatively clean, dry gas. Wastewater and other waste products from the scrubber housing and filter housing are captured and returned to the reaction vessel.

Abstract: A gasification system having a combustor vessel, an optional scrubber vessel, an optional fixer vessel, an optional cyclone vessel and an optional demister vessel. A wide variety of possibly moist solid or semi-solid carbonaceous fuels may be partially combusted in the combustor to generate a combustible gas and a mineral ash. An improved ash support and removal subsystem reduces clogging and other problems. The combustible gas is conveyed by optional heavy-duty blowers through the optional vessels to remove liquids and particulates and to undergo catalytic chemical reactions to provide a relatively clean, dry, highly-combustible hydrocarbon gas that captures a relatively high fraction of the potential heating value of the fuel. Internal gases, liquids and particulates from the vessels may be recycled inside the system to improve efficiency and prevent liquid waste. A portion of the internal liquids may also be extracted for other uses.

Abstract: A bio-mass fueled boiler operating at delivered efficiencies in excess of 90%. Pre-heated, pressurized primary combustion air is supplied to a primary burn chamber via horizontal and vertical orifice containing conduits. Exhaust gases are directed past a reflective secondary burner supplying pre-heated, pressurized secondary combustion air into a secondary burn/ash collection chamber. Exhaust gases are directed from the secondary burn chamber via exhaust conduits having axial and cross-sectional shapes and wall geometries that promote internal turbulence and heat transfer. One or more gas/oil fired burners are fitted to or between the primary and secondary combustion chambers. Several operating modes are provided via associated blowers, air baffles, liquid and gas fuel conduits, pumps and sundry stove sensors and servos coupled to microprocessor control circuitry.

Abstract: Apparatus for the pyrolysis of solid waste material includes a thermal reactor including an elongate hollow housing with a reaction chamber disposed within the housing. The thermal reactor is vertically oriented in order to cause solid waste material fed thereinto to pass through said reaction chamber by the force of gravity and a plurality of vanes are disposed for both conducting heat into said reactor chamber and for tumbling said solid waste material as said solid waste material passes through said reaction chamber. Inlets and outlets are provided for passing oxygen transversely through the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A method of reducing particulate matter and mercury emissions in a combustion flue gas includes, in an exemplary embodiment, combusting a fuel resulting in generation a flue gas flow, cooling the flue gas flow within a duct, positioning a flow conditioning apparatus within the duct, enhancing a reaction rate of the mercury and carbon-containing fly ash particles by directing the flue gas flow through the flow conditioning apparatus to mix the carbon-containing fly ash particles and mercury within the flue gas flow and to facilitate at least one of oxidation of the mercury and binding the mercury to the carbon-containing fly ash particles, collecting a portion of the carbon-containing fly ash particles in the flow conditioning apparatus, and directing the flue gas flow to a particulate collection device to remove the remaining portion of the fly ash particles from flue gas flow.

Abstract: A steam generator for producing superheated steam in a waste incineration plant, includes a boiler housing having a combustion chamber with walls having an evaporator. The evaporator has tubes carrying water and being acted upon by heat energy released during incineration of waste, for producing superheated steam. A wall superheater for increasing temperature of the superheated steam includes a plurality of tubes in a wall of the boiler housing for carrying superheated steam being protected against flue gas from an incineration process by plate-like elements formed of a corrosion-proof material. The boiler housing includes an evaporator housing section having the water-carrying tubes and a wall-superheater housing section spatially separated from the evaporator housing section and having the superheated steam-carrying tubes. The wall-superheater housing section is movable relative to and disposed downstream of the evaporator housing section in flue gas flow direction.

Abstract: A boiler gas flow distribution fin includes an elongated flow distribution fin protruding from a back wall of a flow distribution channel into a hot gas flow path from a boiler combustion chamber. The flow distribution fin can include a leading segment with a leading ridge, a medial segment with a medial ridge, and a trailing segment with a trailing ridge. A gap between the fin ridges and a set of convective fins in an adjacent flue passageway segment can vary from a larger gap at the leading ridge to a smaller gap at the trailing ridge, transitioning along the medial ridge. The flow distribution fin can aid in directing a hot gas flow from a combustion chamber into the flue passageway segment, resulting in a substantially balanced mass flow rate through each of a series of flue passageway sections.

Abstract: A stud and stud arrangement protects the water-cooled tubes of a slag tap outlet from corrosion and erosion by flowing slag and flue gas. The stud is a generally annular or ring-like segment. The stud has a projection terminating in an edge adapted to contact a tube at stud contact area, and has a weld surface for receiving a weld. The weld contacts a tube at a weld contact area and thermally and physically connects the stud to a tube. The weld surface area is greater than the stud contact area, thereby improving heat transfer between the tube and stud. The studs are disposed in an arrangement that is staggered in a direction perpendicular to the flow slag and flue gas.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating waste material that comprises four major cooperating subsystems, namely a pyrolytic converter (24), a two-stage thermal oxidizer (26), a steam generator (28) and a steam turbine (30) driven by steam generated by the steam generator. In operation, the pyrolytic converter is uniquely heated without any flame impinging on the reactor component and the waste material to be pyrolyzed is transported through the reaction chamber of the pyrolytic converter by a pair of longitudinally extending, side-by-side material transporting mechanisms (42, 43).

Abstract: This invention relates to a boiler (1) drying, igniting and combusting refuse and producing steam (2, 2a) by heat exchange with flue gases (3), said boiler defining a main flow direction (5) of gases, said boiler (1) comprising a separator element (4) and an end superheater (8), the separator element (4) being adapted for separating said flue gases (3) into streams of a less-corrosive gas flow (6) and a corrosive gas flow (7), said separator element (4) being located substantially in and along said main flow direction (5), said end superheater (8) being located in proximity to said separator element (4) and in the flow (6) of said less-corrosive gas. Said separator element (4) comprises a plate (4a) or a wall (4b), which in a number of said separator elements (4) forms a channel as another separator element. This provides for an increased lifetime of said superheater and makes the boiler provide a high and efficient electrical power output.

Abstract: A method for reducing mercury emissions in combustion flue gas is provided. The method includes combusting coal such that a flue gas flow is created. The flue gas flow includes at least mercury and carbon-containing fly ash. The method further includes cooling the flue gas flow within a duct and creating turbulence in the flue gas flow. The mercury is removed from the flue gas flow.

Abstract: The present invention utilizes radiation reflectors on the refractory wall of a fired furnace opposite the spaces between adjacent tubes. The refractory radiation reflectors have a base contiguous with the refractory surface and secured to a subjacent structure, and an isosceles triangular cross section with similar sides extending from the base. The base has a dimension less than the spaces between adjacent tubes to facilitate installation in a modular construction. The radiation reflectors focus the reflected radiation from the flame onto the dark side of the tubes. The invention increases the overall heat transfer of the tube by increasing the heat flux rate for the backside of the tube, and also decreases the flux and temperature differentials between the front and rear sides of the tubes.

Abstract: An incinerator includes a peripheral wall having a top end and formed with an inlet at the top end and an outlet below the inlet, a bowl-shaped grate disposed between the inlet and the outlet, a plurality of laterally extending baffles extending from a bottom end of the grate to the peripheral wall, and a plurality of vertically extending baffles disposed between the peripheral wall and the grate.

Abstract: An incinerator, capable of withstanding internal shocks from projectiles resulting from the combustion of energetic materials, is made of a primary combustion chamber where the material is burned, and a secondary chamber to reburn at a higher temperature the gases emanating from the primary chamber. The incinerator has a heating or separation plate, having a flowing-material funnel facilitating the removal of waste solids, to provide heat exchange between the primary combustion chamber and a heating chamber, to protect the heating elements against projectiles, and to restrain any projectiles from exiting the unit. To increase the level of safety of operation, this incinerator is remotely controlled, has a sequence of ignition and has overpressure apertures over the primary chamber.

Abstract: This invention provides a refuse incinerator capable of extinguishing smoke and odor of exhaust gas emitted from, combustion of the refuse just after incineration of the refuse is started. Exhaust gas outlets are provided in a furnace lid of the incineration furnace, an exhaust gas chamber is provided such that the furnace lid is used as part of a bottom wall thereof and an exhaust gas introduction pipe is provided to communicate between the exhaust gas chamber and a combustion chamber. Exhaust gas emitted into the exhaust gas chamber is introduced into the combustion chamber and burnt so as to extinguish the smoke and odor. Because the combustion chamber reaches high temperatures just after the incineration of the refuse is started, the smoke and odor of the exhaust gas are extinguished just after the incineration of the refuse is started.

Abstract: An incinerator includes a furnace, a heat-insulating shield, an air conduit, an air blower, and a dryer. The heat-insulating shield has a top wall, a vertically extending peripheral wall that extends downwardly from the top wall and that surrounds and that is spaced apart from the furnace by a gap, and an open bottom end. The peripheral wall of the heat-insulating shield has an air outlet that is disposed adjacent to the top wall and that is in fluid communication with the gap. Atmospheric air is introduced via the open bottom end through the gap and the air conduit and into the dryer. A feed motor is used to deliver solid waste into the furnace. A control unit controls rotating speed of the feed motor based on temperature in the dryer so as to adjust the temperature in the dryer.

Abstract: An incinerator includes a furnace, a heat-insulating shield, an air conduit, an air blower, and a dryer. The heat-insulating shield has a top wall, a vertically extending peripheral wall that extends downwardly from the top wall and that surrounds and that is spaced apart from the furnace by a gap, and an open bottom end. The peripheral wall of the heat-insulating shield has an air outlet that is disposed adjacent to the top wall and that is in fluid communication with the gap. Atmospheric air is introduced via the open bottom end through the gap and the air conduit and into the dryer.

Abstract: An incinerator includes a furnace, a heat-insulating shield, an air conduit, an air blower, and a dryer. The heat-insulating shield has a top wall, a vertically extending peripheral wall that extends downwardly from the top wall and that surrounds and that is spaced apart from the furnace by a gap, and an open bottom end. The peripheral wall of the heat-insulating shield has an air outlet that is disposed adjacent to the top wall and that is in fluid communication with the gap. Atmospheric air is introduced via the open bottom end through the gap and the air conduit and into the dryer. A feed motor is used to deliver solid waste into the furnace. A control unit controls rotating speed of the feed motor based on temperature in the dryer so as to adjust the temperature in the dryer.

Abstract: A thermo-oxidizer evaporator is provided with a combustion chamber, burners, and waste water injection system. The waste water injection system is preferably adapted to atomize the waste water stream. The waste water is injected near the flame from the burners so as to evaporate water in the waste water stream and combust contaminants in the waste water stream. The water leaves the combustion chamber as vapor, and contaminants collect at the bottom of the combustion chamber as dry ash. Heat exchange apparatus heats air prior to injection into the combustion chamber. A temperature controller controls fuel and air flow into the combustion chamber. Baffles in the combustion chamber increase the residence time to facilitate the settling of solid constituents from the gas stream leaving the combustion chamber. Methods for treating liquid wastes are also disclosed.

Abstract: A heat recovery system for an air curtain incinerator includes a transportable box defined by a plurality of walls and has an open top and an open bottom. The walls are lined with a refractory material operatively associated with the open bottom to form a combustion chamber. The system also includes a source of high velocity air and a manifold for directing an effective curtain of high velocity air across the top opening and down into the combustion chamber. The heat recovery system comprises a system of tubing for conveying a heat conductive medium through the tubing during the combustion process. The tubing may be mounted to the walls, mounted inside the walls, or formed integrally in the walls.

Abstract: The present invention utilizes radiation reflectors on the refractory wall of a fired furnace opposite the spaces between adjacent tubes. The radiation reflectors focus the reflected radiation from the flame onto the dark side of the tubes. The invention increases the overall heat transfer of the tube by increasing the heat flux rate for the backside of the tube, and also decreases the flux and temperature differentials between the front and rear sides of the tubes.

Abstract: A method for monitoring and reducing corrosion in furnace boiler tubes measures electrochemical noise associated with corrosion mechanisms while corrosion is occurring at the surface of the tubes as they are exposed to combustion products. This noise is detected using a probe at the boiler waterwall surface that is connected to a corrosion monitor. The monitor contains a computer and software which determines a corrosion rate from the measured electrochemical noise. That rate is compared to a standard to determine if the rate is within acceptable limits. If not, the operator of the furnace or an Adaptive Process Controller (APC) is notified and adjusts one or more burners to change the combustion products that are responsible for the corrosion. Such an adjustment could be made by changing the amount of air or fuel being provided to the burner or other air slots or air ports.

Abstract: Apparatus for the treatment of volatile material(s) in contaminated material(s) including a retort assembly which includes a rotatable retort disposed at least partially within a combustion chamber with a heater to indirectly heat the contents of the rotatable retort. A feeder feeds the contaminated material(s) to the retort. The apparatus further includes a pathway for passing contaminated material(s) to the retort and a conduit for passing the combustion gases from an afterburner to the retort assembly to provide additional heat for heating the contaminated material in the retort. The apparatus may also include a high temperature filter which can filter the volatiles before entering the afterburner.

Abstract: The invention relates to a steam generator (1) for superheated steam for incineration plants with corrosive flue gases, essentially comprising a radiation section (2) and a convection section (5), having at least one superheater (8) and having plates (10) arranged on the inside of at least one wall (9) of the radiation section (2), a space (12) being provided between the plates (10) and the wall (9) of the radiation section (2), and at least part of the superheater (8) being arranged as a wall superheater (15) in the space (12) in the radiation section (2). The steam generator is distinguished by the fact that the space (12) contains a noncorrosive gaseous atmosphere which is at a higher pressure than the pressure of the gases in the combustion chamber (3). In this way, it is possible to reach a high superheater temperature without corrosion to the final superheater, so that the superheater can be made from inexpensive material.

Abstract: An improved Cyclone furnace particularly suitable for retrofit applications to an existing boiler incorporates a Cyclone furnace and an integrated de-slagging chamber as a single manufactured piece. The Cyclone furnace and the de-slagging chamber are provided with a water cooling circuit which is separate from a water cooling circuit of the existing boiler to which it may be coupled, permitting the improved Cyclone furnace to be easily retrofitted to existing boilers or furnaces, even those not originally designed for Cyclone firing.

Abstract: This is to claim the invention of the twin-plate flameholders that can be applied to the afterburner and reheater of the jet engines as well as the industrial burners and incinerators. The claimed flameholder features a certain overlap between the two plates and a slit at the overlap portion. It turns out that a small portion of the air and fuel flows through the slit between the two plates will result in significant modification in the aerodynamic flow structure and local fuel distribution to enhance the capability of flameholding. Hence the performance of the claimed FLAMEHOLDER is much better than the conventional ones in terms of the combustion efficiency, flame ignition and blowout limits, and operation range of the combustion devices. The inclined angle of the twin-plate flameholder can be adjusted by a turning mechanism, this provides the benefit to adjust the inclined angle of the twin-plate flameholders under different operation conditions.

Abstract: This invention is a twin-plate flameholder for an afterburner and reheater of jet engines as well as for industrial burners and incinerators. The flameholder features two plates with a certain overlap and a slit at the overlap portion. A small portion of the air and fuel flows through the slit between the two plates and results in a significant modification in the aerodynamic flow structure and local fuel distribution to enhances the capability of flameholding. Hence the performance of the flameholder is much better than conventional ones in terms of combustion efficiency, flame ignition, blowout limits, and operation range of the combustion devices. The inclined angle of the twin-plate flameholder can be adjusted by a turning mechanism to adjust the inclined angle of the twin-plate flameholder under different operation conditions. Furthermore, a series of the twin-plate flameholders can be linked together with a control mechanism so that these flameholders can be rotated in the same or opposite direction.

Abstract: An apparatus for improving mixing and uniformity of furnace combustion gases in a boiler includes a slag screen 50, slag screen baffle 62 with a plurality of wingwall sections 52 situated between cyclone burner riser sections 64. This arrangement improves overall distribution of the burner exit gases 56 and uniformity by reducing stratification of the gases 58 exiting the burner. Additionally, the present invention increases the heat transfer effectiveness and ash collecting capability.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for burning combustible material are provided. The apparatus has a combustion chamber with an intake and an exhaust end, a means for injecting combustible material into the intake end of the chamber, a means for igniting the combustible material to generate a flame front, and a means for providing a variance in pressure in the chamber between the intake end and the ignition means, so that a flame front is held substantially stationary in the chamber adjacent the pressure variance means. In its most preferred mode, the apparatus and method may be used for burning energetic materials which, due to their highly volatile and reactive properties, present unique hazards above and beyond those encountered with less reactive non-energetic combustible materials.

Abstract: The present invention is a furnace for burning pelletized or particulate fuel. The furnace has a split auger located within a serpentine fuel conduit which controllably feeds pelletized fuel into a contained burner, wherein the fuel is exposed to fire and a forced air plenum. The fuel is contained within the burner and exposed to high temperatures until the fuel is sufficiently burnt to pass through apertures in a perforated baffle. Further combustion is achieved by passing the heated combustible gases through multiple combustion chambers. A heat exchanger passes air by the multiple combustion chambers, thereby collecting the produced heat, and distributes the heated air into residential or commercial air circulation systems.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for retracting and inserting a shaft through a high pressure vessel while in operation comprising: a sleeve extending through a wall of the vessel, a shaft extending through the sleeve; a shield, compression seals, and valve to prevent materials within the vessel from escaping through the sleeve upon retraction of the shaft, and a prime mover connected to an end of the shaft outside the vessel wall for retracting and inserting the shaft.

Abstract: The underfeed stoker has a retort (6) which is located at a height `h`, an arch having a minimum width `w`. The ratio of the minimum width `w` to the height `h` is greater than 1.5 and less than 2.

Abstract: An upstanding nipple is provided for downward telescoping over the upper end of a furnace flue pipe outlet end and the upper end of the nipple is secured through a central opening formed in a circular base plate over which a circular top plate is supported in vertically spaced relation by a cylindrical spacing member extending between and secured to the outer peripheral portions of the base and top plates. The spacing member includes diametrically opposite openings formed therein covered by screen panel portions and upwardly convergent baffle plates are disposed between the base and top panels with the lower marginal edges of the baffle plates anchored relative to the base plate and the upper marginal edges of the baffle plates terminating upwardly a spaced distance below the top plate and being spaced apart a distance generally equal to one-half the diameter of the nipple.

Abstract: A heat exchanger furnace includes a firebox, a heat exchanger housing in communication with the firebox for receiving combustion gases therefrom, and a plenum housing surrounding the heat exchanger housing so as to define a plenum chamber therebetween. A plurality of baffles are supported in vertically spaced apart relation within the heat exchanger housing, which baffles include peripheral edges disposed in clearance relation from the housing sidewalls whereby hot combustion gases rising within the heat exchanger housing are directed outwardly adjacent the heat exchanger sidewall for increased heat transfer to the plenum chamber. Exhaust tubes at the top of the heat exchanger housing may be directed through the plenum chamber for providing additional heat transfer surfaces therein. The firebox may have a frusto conical shaped sidewall whereby the combustion surface area may be adjusted with the level of fuel in the firebox.

Abstract: Oscillation in a combustion chamber is avoided by providing in the combustion chamber an oscillatable wall which is oscillatable by oscillation occurring in the combustion chamber. The oscillatable wall may be a wall of low flexural rigidity or a flexurally rigid wall connected at its edges with a flexible coupling to adjacent rigid portions of the combustion chamber. Oscillation of the oscillatable wall is damped by being provided with a damping layer or by being connected to a mechanical or hydraulic damper.

Abstract: A boiler liner intended for improvement of combustion, reduction of smoke loss, and procurement of heat flow in existing oil- or gas-fired central heating boilers, through which the supplied heat energy is better utilized, by way of heat resistant material to upwardly confine the flame room as compared with an existing larger boiler chamber. The liner flame limitations are made from a highly insulating material which will cause the assimilated heat to be stored at temperatures almost equalling the flame temperature, resulting in the stored volume of heat being quickly given off by radiation after the flame has been extinguished. Undesirable heat convection in the boiler chamber will fail to manifest, and counterradiation from the highly insulated material will prolong the interval between the sparks.

Abstract: A venting system for a fuel-burning heating plant, such as a conventional gas-fired furnace. The venting system includes an open-bottomed diverter situated well above the base of the heating plant having vertically disposed inlet and outlet ducts attached to the diverter top. The inlet duct is also attached to the flue outlet of the furnace, while the outlet duct is attached to a chimney flue for expulsion of combustion gases. A heat retention means, such as a damper or a heat-absorbing cone, is located within the inlet duct to permit absorption of heat from passing combustion gases during the combustion cycle and maintain heat in the inlet duct during cessation of the combustion cycle in order to establish a heat lock within the inlet duct and the diverter to prevent the flow of relatively cooler air through the furnace combustion chamber and up the chimney during cessation of the combustion cycle. A similar heat retention means may also be located within the outlet duct.

Abstract: A stove or furnace in which the products of combustion are recirculated inside the combustion chamber by means of a V-shaped partition or baffle, the apex of which extends downward directly above the primary fire zone, so that the combustion products rising from the fire are deflected outward and then flow downward back into the primary fire zone. Secondary air may be mixed with the unburned combustion products above the primary fire zone to form a combustible mixture which is burned on re-entering the fire zone.

Abstract: A furnace having a nitrogen-heat separator comprised of a heat absorbing mass, such as cast iron plates, containing passages through which products of combustion can pass and deposit heat into the metal mass to thereafter be extracted and utilized, a baffle for directing products of combustion through the nitrogen-heat separator, a fiberglass cloth heat-retaining curtain for blocking the furnace exit and trapping heat inside the furnace when fuel combustion stops, a fan for extracting the stored heat from the nitrogen-heat separator when combustion stops and circulating it throughout the furnace interior.

Abstract: The invention is to be used for afterburning of polydisperse high-ash thermal decomposition residues, as well as in the construction of the first stage of power utility furnaces for burning fuel with a low yield of volatile products and with a low reactivity.The furnace comprises a chamber having its bottom part narrowing downwards which is provided with an inlet pipe for admission of air and fuel to the chamber, and the top part of the chamber is provided with an outlet pipe for removal of combustion products from the chamber.A combustion stabilizer is accommodated in the chamber which comprises a blade-type stream swirling device having its blades arranged in the cross-section of the top part of the chamber upstream the outlet pipe in the path of flow of combustion products.

Abstract: A furnace, for example of the home-heating type, has heat storage elements located in a combustion gas chamber of the furnace, the heat storage elements being placed in a path of flow of combustion gases to increase flow resistance to the combustion gases. The heat storage elements are of such size that they can be inserted into the combustion gas chamber and removed therefrom through door openings normally available in the furnace, for example to change over the furnace from liquid to solid fuels, for cleaning or the like. The storage elements preferably are metal-jacketed bodies of refractory material, for example of clay. If the furnace has a water jacket for heating of water, the clay bodies are placed against the water jacket surface, with the metal jacket of the clay bodies perforated at the side facing the water jacket. A group of such heat storage elements may be commonly supported on a carrier for removal as an assembly.