Abstract: A water heater includes a water pipe form by bending a pipe. The entire water pipe leans related to a vertical plane to expose all the section to a burner thereunder. All the sections of the water pipe lean downwards related to a horizontal plane. It will make the water in the water in the water pipe flows backwards when no water is supplied to the water heater. Therefore, there will never be water remaining in the water pipe to get rid of the jam problem.

Abstract: A steam generator includes a lower integrated tubesheet and plenum (ITP) configured to receive feedwater and a first set of heat transfer tubes fluidly coupled to a plurality of stubs protruding from a first side of the lower ITP. A second set of heat transfer tubes fluidly couples to plurality of stubs protruding from a second side of the lower ITP. The first set of heat transfer tubes is coiled in a substantially clock-wise direction, and the second set of heat transfer tubes is coiled in a substantially counter-clockwise direction. The steam generator further includes an upper ITP fluidly coupled to the first and second set of heat transfer tubes, wherein the feedwater entering the lower ITP is converted to steam in the first and second sets of heat transfer tubes. The upper ITP is configured to transport the steam away from the steam generator.

Abstract: Inner peripheral grooves for transporting a liquid of a working fluid in the longitudinal direction of a first wick are provided along the first wick which transports the liquid contained in the evaporator to a heating portion in the evaporator by capillary force, and a liquid supply portion for supplying the liquid of the working fluid is further provided to the inner peripheral grooves. Therefore, the liquid of the working fluid can be efficiently supplied to the inner peripheral surface of the first wick with a simple structure, so that a loop type heat pipe which can be constantly stably operated can be obtained.

Abstract: The exchanger is placed in a fluid of elevated temperature and comprises tubes connected to an inlet header and to an outlet header. The exchanger comprises a plurality of panels (4) constituted by tubes (41 to 48) extending below two inlet headers and two outlet headers, to which they are connected at the upstream and downstream ends, and forming two semi-panels which are imbricated one inside the other, each semi-panel comprising a subheader tube (41 or 42) connected to an inlet header (21 or 22) and being divided into at least one tube (43,44,45 or 46, 47, 48) which is coiled into a laced configuration so that the two sub-header tubes (41 or 42) extend vertically within the envelope of said tubes having a laced configuration and they support them through cantilever supports (411, 421). This exchanger may be in particular employed in a fluidized bed apparatus or for the recovery of the heat of gas or fumes.

Abstract: The scaling of the internal surfaces of vertical downflow fired heater tubes is decreased by a vapor-liquid mixing means located in the straight section of the tubes which have downward flow.