Abstract: A system and method for warmkeeping a steam generator such as a sub-critical steam generator is disclosed. Water extraction piping extracts water from a component of one of the water fill circuits of the sub-critical steam generator. A deaerator heating system having an inventory tank of water mixes the extracted water with the water in the tank, and heats the mix of water to a predetermined temperature level to generate heated deaerated feedwater. Feedwater piping forwards the heated deaerated feedwater at the predetermined temperature level from the deaerator heating system to the water fill circuits of the sub-critical steam generator. The water extraction piping, the deaerator heating system and the feedwater piping operate cooperatively to warmkeep the water fill circuits in accordance with the predetermined temperature level while the sub-critical steam generator is in the unfired stand-by mode of operation.

Abstract: A steam generator accident mitigation system is disclosed. A steam generator accident mitigation system to mitigate an accident if the accident occurs in a steam generator installed inside a containment building of a nuclear power plant according to an exemplary embodiment of the present system, the system including: a pressurizing tank which is installed inside the containment building and includes a first cooling water and a non-condensable gas for pressurizing the first cooling water therein; at least one connecting pipe connecting the steam generator and the pressurizing tank; and at least one connecting pipe valve which is installed in the at least one connecting pipe, respectively, and is able to control the amount of opening of the connecting pipe; wherein opening of the at least one connecting pipe valve permits fluid communication between the steam generator and the pressurizing tank.

Abstract: The power plant system includes a molten salt reactor assembly, a thermocline unit, phase change heat exchangers, and process heat systems. The thermocline unit includes an insulated tank, an initial inlet, a plurality of zone outlets, and a plurality of gradient zones corresponding to each zone outlet and being stacked in the tank. Each gradient zone has a molten salt portion at a portion temperature corresponding to the molten salt supply from the molten salt reactor being stored in the tank and stratified. The molten salt portions at higher portion temperatures generate thermal energy for process heat systems that require higher temperatures, and molten salt portions at lower portion temperatures generate thermal energy for process heat systems that require lower temperatures. The system continuously pumps the molten salt supply in controlled rates to deliver the heat exchange fluid supply to perform work in the corresponding particular process heat system.

Abstract: A water heating apparatus includes a sensor to detect an inflow water amount flowing into the water heating apparatus, and a controller to determine connection or disconnection between the water heating apparatus and a water storage tank, based on the inflow water amount flowing into the water heating apparatus for a preset time duration. Thus, the water heating apparatus determines whether or not the water storage tank is connected thereto based on the amount of inflow water introduced into the water heating apparatus. Then, the water heating apparatus determines the operation mode of the water heating apparatus based on the determination result. Thus, even when the user incorrectly sets the operation mode of the water heating apparatus, the water heating apparatus may actively and correctly operate.

Abstract: An aspect of the present disclosure provides a flow channel cap plate that constitutes a combustion chamber assembly including a combustion chamber and a plurality of insulating pipelines disposed on left/right side surfaces of the combustion chamber, the flow channel cap plate forming an insulating flow channel by covering the front surface of the combustion chamber, the flow channel cap plate including an inlet part including an inlet, and an inlet flow channel cap covering the front surface of the combustion chamber, an inlet space part is formed by covering the front surface of the combustion chamber with the inlet flow channel cap, the inlet is an entrance of the insulating flow channel, the plurality of insulating pipelines include a plurality of inlet insulating pipelines, and the inlet space part is a space that communicates the inlet with the plurality of inlet insulating pipelines.

Abstract: A gas heater for a swimming pool or spa includes a cabinet defining an interior, a combustion chamber enclosure, a heat exchanger positioned within the combustion chamber enclosure, a burner, a combustion blower configured to provide combustible gas to the burner, and electrical components positioned within the cabinet. The cabinet has a plurality of side panels and a top panel covering a top opening to the interior of the cabinet. The combustion chamber enclosure defines a combustion chamber, and is positioned within the interior of the cabinet. The combustion chamber enclosure also includes a burner opening in which the burner is positioned such that the burner is configured to dissipate combustible gas into the combustion chamber. At least one of the electrical components is configured to control the gas heater. The electrical components are accessible through the top opening when the top panel is removed.

Abstract: The disclosed technology includes a water heater system having a blower, an igniter, a burner, a heat exchanger, and a refractory configured to attach to the burner and the heat exchanger. The refractory can include a unitary ceramic housing having a top and a plurality of sidewalls and be configured to retain heat from combustion gases. The top can have a burner aperture configured to receive at least a portion of the burner and the plurality of sidewalls can form a cavity configured to receive at least a portion of the heat exchanger. One or more of the sidewalls can additionally have a protrusion extending laterally along an inside surface of the sidewall that is configured to contact the heat exchanger to form a seal between the heat exchanger and the refractory. A sealing material can substantially create a seal between the refractory and the heat exchanger.

Abstract: The disclosed apparatus and control system produces a single, on demand, energetic gaseous working fluid from any heat source. Working fluid in a liquid phase is released into a heat exchange tube in the form of very fine droplets or atomized mist, where it is rapidly heated to its gaseous phase. The gaseous working fluid can continue to absorb heat before exiting the heat exchange tube to perform work. The disclosed system controls the release of working fluid into the heat exchange tube and/or the heat energy to which the tube is exposed, resulting in a flow of energetic gaseous working fluid that can be quickly adjusted in response to changing conditions without a large pressure vessel.

Abstract: A quenching system for a plant, operating a cracking furnace, works with liquid as well as gaseous starting materials. The quenching system includes a primary heat exchanger (PQE 10) and a secondary heat exchanger (SQE 11) and a tertiary heat exchanger. A TLX-D exchanger (TLX-D 26) is arranged and configured as the tertiary heat exchanger for dual operation. The TLX-D (26) is connected in series via a TLX-D gas feed line (24) to the SQE 11. The TLX-D (26) is connected to a steam drum (59), which is connected to a feed water line (49), via a TLX-D feed water drain line (34) and a TLX-D riser (46) and a TLX-D downcomer (38). The SQE 11 is connected to the steam drum (59), which is connected to the feed water line (49), via a TLX downcomer (52) and a TLX-riser (57).

Abstract: A power converting system is described, comprising a source of waste heat and an organic Rankine cycle system. The organic Rankine cycle system in turn comprises at least a turboexpander, at least a rotating load mechanically coupled to the turboexpander and driven thereby, and a variable-speed mechanical coupling between the turboexpander and the rotating load.

Abstract: A system, apparatus, and method for a differential temperature managed integral, free standing, hydronic heating appliance uses a high-mass heat source coupled to a single, highly-efficient, variable speed, Electronically Commutated Motor (ECM)-driven Delta-T stand-alone system circulator which feeds one or more zone valves governing flow to one or more hydronic zones. Components are integrated into simplified, compact, assemblies. Zone valve packaging of a compact header improves hydronic performance (head pressure reduction and increased flow), complementing zone valve performance and reducing zone valve wiring labor and material content. Returns have full port valves and the boiler includes isolation valves. All manually activated valves are full port. This can include full port boiler isolation valves, circulator isolation valves and return valves.

Abstract: A solid-liquid separation device performs dehydration or deoiling from a treated object using a substance A that is a gas at normal temperature and pressure and is capable of dissolving water and oil when liquefied. The separation device includes a substance B that circulates while generating phase change in a closed system, a compressor that compresses the substance B, a first heat exchanger that condenses substance B and evaporates of the substance A, an expansion valve that decompresses the condensed substance B, a second heat exchanger that evaporates substance B and condenses substance A, and a treatment tank wherein substance A is mixed with the treated object, substance A is evaporated while separated from the liquid in the first heat exchanger, and condensed in the second heat exchanger. The center of gravity of the first heat exchanger is lower than the second heat exchanger in a vertical direction.

Abstract: The disclosed apparatus and control system produces a single, on demand, energetic gaseous working fluid from any heat source. Working fluid in a liquid phase is released into a heat exchange tube in the form of very fine droplets or atomized mist, where it is rapidly heated to its gaseous phase. The gaseous working fluid can continue to absorb heat before exiting the heat exchange tube to perform work. The disclosed system controls the release of working fluid into the heat exchange tube and/or the heat energy to which the tube is exposed, resulting in a flow of energetic gaseous working fluid that can be quickly adjusted in response to changing conditions without a large pressure vessel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a temperature control system having adjacently-installed temperature equalizer and heat transfer fluid and application device thereof, in which one or more adjacently-installed temperature equalizer formed with a heat transferring adjacent surface is provided, a fluid channel thereof is utilized for allowing a heat transfer fluid to pass thereby enabling to perform temperature equalizing heat transfer with the external surface and/or the internal surface of an object (103) disposed to the adjacent surface.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a system having: at least one computing device configured to monitor a combined-cycle (CC) power plant during a transient event by performing actions including: determining whether a change in an operating condition of a component of the CC power plant is unintentional, the determining including comparing control system instructions for the component of the CC power plant with a reference look-up table, the reference look-up table including correlation data for the control system instructions for the component and historical data about the operating condition of the component; and providing instructions to a control system of the CC power plant to modify the operating condition in the CC power plant in response to determining that the change in operating condition of the component is unintentional.

Abstract: An oil recovery process entails recovering an oil-water mixture from an oil bearing formation and separating the oil-water mixture to produce an oil product and produced water. The produced water includes suspended and dissolved solids and is subjected to treatment which removes suspended and dissolved solids therefrom. The treated water is then directed to a forced circulation steam generator that includes a furnace having a burner, water cooled walls and an evaporator unit. The treated water is pumped through the water cooled walls and the evaporator unit. The water passing through the water cooled walls and evaporator unit are heated to produce approximately 10% to approximately 30% quality steam in both the water cooled walls and the evaporator unit. The steam is collected and separated from a water-steam mixture to produce high quality steam, on the order of 95% or greater quality steam.

Abstract: The present invention provides a temperature control system having adjacently-installed temperature equalizer and heat transfer fluid and application device thereof, in which one or more adjacently-installed temperature equalizer formed with a heat transferring adjacent surface is provided, a fluid channel thereof is utilized for allowing a heat transfer fluid to pass thereby enabling to perform temperature equalizing heat transfer with the external surface and/or the internal surface of an object (103) disposed to the adjacent surface.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a system having: at least one computing device configured to monitor a combined-cycle (CC) power plant during a transient event by performing actions including: determining whether a change in an operating condition of a component of the CC power plant is unintentional, the determining including comparing control system instructions for the component of the CC power plant with a reference look-up table, the reference look-up table including correlation data for the control system instructions for the component and historical data about the operating condition of the component; and providing instructions to a control system of the CC power plant to modify the operating condition in the CC power plant in response to determining that the change in operating condition of the component is unintentional.

Abstract: A steam water separator includes: —a vessel having a vessel wall delimiting an interior of the vessel, where the vessel is configured to contain steam in a steam zone and water in a water zone in the interior of the vessel, —at least one inlet for introducing steam and/or water in the vessel, —at least one steam outlet for taking steam out of the vessel, —at least one water outlet for taking water out of the vessel, and a wetting device configured to wet in the steam zone an inner surface of the vessel wall.

Abstract: Provided is a die trim section with a recess adapted to retain slugs in a stamping process. The recess may be added to existing die inserts via wire EDM, conventional surface grinding or other suitable methods. The recess extends a distance greater than the die trim punch stroke and the cross-sectional area of the recess decreases along the height of the recess.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sterilizing device (1), comprising at least one chamber (2) for sterilizing products (4), a primary fluid circuit (3) connected to the chamber (2) for providing hot water and/or hot steam to the chamber, a secondary fluid circuit (8) for heating and/or cooling the primary fluid circuit (3), wherein the secondary fluid circuit (8) is connected to the primary fluid circuit (3) by means of a second heat exchanger (5), and a stratified storage tank (11) in the secondary fluid circuit (8) having a plurality of temperature zones (12), wherein the temperature zones (12) can be separately charged with and discharged of the fluid of the secondary fluid circuit (8).

Abstract: A cryogenic pump for liquefied gases is provided, which shortens precooling time, has a small loss of cryogenic liquefied gas, excels in pump efficiency, and is advantageous in cost. A motor 1 and an impeller 2 are coupled by a shaft 3 for transmitting a rotative drive force therebetween, and the motor 1 is arranged on an upper side and the impeller 2 is arranged on a lower side. The motor 1 and the impeller 2 exist in an enclosed space 14 where they are communicated with each other and into which the cryogenic liquefied gas is introduced. A heat adjusting unit 11 is provided between the motor 1 and the impeller 2, the heat adjusting unit maintaining existence of the impeller 2 in a liquid phase of the cryogenic liquefied gas and maintaining existence of the motor 1 in a gas phase of the cryogenic liquefied gas.

Abstract: An auxiliary steam generator system for a power plant, comprising a water-steam circuit, which has a condensate line and a feed-water line, wherein a condensate pump is connected in the condensate line and a feed-water pump is connected in the feed-water line, and wherein a pressure accumulating vessel is connected between the condensate pump and the feed-water pump, and wherein a feed-water take-off line is connected to the water-steam circuit at a branch-off point after the pressure accumulating vessel is provided. The feed-water take-off line is connected to the pressure accumulating vessel and a heating device is connected in the feed-water take-off line.

Abstract: A steam turbine installation that has a steam turbine, a steam generator and a feed water pre-heating unit operated by process steam is provided. The steam turbine has an overload bypass line with which main steam can be fed to the feed water pre-heating unit between the steam turbine input and the extraction point during overload operation of the steam turbine, wherein the feed water pre-heating unit has an auxiliary extraction line that is connected to the overload bypass line in such a way that process steam can be extracted from the steam turbine during partial load operation of the steam turbine and added to the feed water pre-heating unit for the additional pre-heating of feed water.

Abstract: A method for operating a once-through steam generator including an evaporator, in which a feeding mass flow of a flow medium is supplied using a feed pump to the evaporator and at least partially evaporated there, wherein flow medium that has not evaporated is separated in a separator arranged downstream of the evaporator and a circulating mass flow of the separated flow medium is returned using a circulating pump to the evaporator, and the mass flow referred to as the evaporator mass flow of the flow medium flowing through the evaporator is additively composed of the feeding mass flow and the circulating mass flow. In a low-load interval, the feeding mass flow is increased with increasing load while the circulating mass flow is kept substantially constant, in a moderate load interval the feeding mass flow is further increased with increasing load and the circulating mass flow is reduced to zero.

Abstract: Provided is a boiler structure with which, by reducing the pressure drop in boiler evaporation tubes correspondingly to the heat flux, which varies in accordance with the distance in the boiler height direction, it is possible to reduce auxiliary power for a water feed pump and so forth, in addition to improving the flow stability and the natural circulation characteristics. The boiler structure includes a number of boiler evaporation tubes that are arranged on a wall surface of a furnace and that form a furnace wall, water pumped into the boiler evaporation tubes being heated in the furnace during flowing inside the tubes to produce steam, wherein the boiler evaporation tubes are formed by connecting tubes of a plurality of types, in which tube wall thicknesses are adjusted on the basis of furnace heat flux such that the higher the furnace heat flux in a region is, the smaller the tube inner diameter becomes.

Abstract: A domestic combined heat and power system including a power unit, a heat-storage tank which receives waste heat of the power unit for storing heat in direct water, and a main heat exchanger connected to the heat-storage tank, being heated by a burner so as to use the water as hot water. A waste-heat heat exchanger filled with a heat-transfer medium is installed between the power unit and the heat-storage tank such that a waste-heat pipe is arranged in the form of a coil at one side inside the waste-heat heat exchanger, and a heat-storage pipe of the heat-storage tank is arranged in the form of a coil at the other side. Waste heat of the power unit is indirectly heat exchanged to the heat-storage tank through the heat-transfer medium. Costs and waste of energy consumption are reduced, and there is sharing of functions that are duplicated across the heat-storage tank.

Abstract: There is described herein a method and system for dispatching a single steam flow command to multiple control elements by prioritizing control elements and measuring responsiveness and availability of the control elements using feedbacks. The dispatched single steam flow command may then be adjusted as a function of the responsiveness of each control element.

Abstract: A heating system comprising a fuel burner in co-operation with a primary heat exchanger, a reservoir for storing warmed water in, and a blending valve, and a controller wherein in use a user can signal to the controller to warm the water in the water store using a heater or by the primary heat exchanger, and when hot water is required water is removed from the water store and mixed with water from a cold main prior to being or after the water from the cold main has been admitted to a further heat exchanger for heating the water.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a system comprising an evaporator; a water reservoir in fluid communication with the evaporator; the water reservoir being located upstream of the evaporator; and a first steam drum in fluid communication with the evaporator; the first steam drum being located downstream of the evaporator; where the water reservoir is operative to supply feedwater to the evaporator while maintaining a predetermined water level in the first steam drum.

Abstract: A method of recovering oil from an oil well and producing steam for injection into an injection well is provided. After recovering an oil-water mixture from the oil well, oil is separated from the mixture to produce an oil product and produced water. In one process, the produced water is directed to an indirect fired steam generator which is powered by an independent boiler or steam generator. As water moves through the indirect fired steam generator, the same is heated to produce a steam-water mixture. The steam-water mixture is directed to the steam separator which separates the steam-water mixture into steam and water. The separated water is directed from the steam separator back to and through the indirect fired steam generator. This separated water is continued to be recycled through the indirect fired steam generator. Steam separated by the steam separator is directed into the injection well.

Abstract: A free radical sterilization system having a chamber defining a region, and a generator for generating free radical reach effluent from a free radical electric generator and/or a vaporizer. A closed loop circulating system without a free-radical destroyer is provided for supplying the mixture of free radicals from the electric generator mixed with the hydrogen peroxide solution in the form of the effluent to the chamber. The free-radical sterilization system is used in sterilizing items in the chamber and, with an open-bottomed wound chamber, in treating wounds on a body.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for securing tubes within a steam generator against vibration with a metallic anti-vibration bar in a tube bundle. The tube bundle has a plurality of tubes, arranged in rows and columns, with lanes between the tube columns. The method comprises the steps of: inserting the anti-vibration bar in the tube bundle; plastically expanding the wall of the anti-vibration bar from an unexpanded position to an expanded position. In the unexpanded position there are a plurality of gaps between the anti-vibration bar and the tubes of the tube bundle. The gaps decrease in size as the wall of the anti-vibration bar moves from the unexpanded position to the expanded position.

Abstract: A steam system is provided that includes a steam generator including boiler tubes that are modified to form a number of intermediate take-offs for removing water and steam from the boiler tubes. A number of intermediate separators are provided to separate the water and steam at each of the intermediate take-offs. Intermediate couplings are used to inject the water back into the boiler tubes downstream of each of the plurality of intermediate take-offs.

Abstract: The invention relates to a steam circuit in a power station, comprising at least one evaporator and at least one superheater, characterized in that a condensate collector and return line is provided between the superheater and the steam generator to trap condensate in the superheater and return the condensate to the evaporator.

Abstract: A method of operating an oxycombustion circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler that includes a furnace having a grid at its bottom section, a solid material separator connected to an upper part of the furnace, and an external solid material handling system. An oxidant gas is introduced into the CFB boiler through the grid as fluidizing gas, the fluidizing gas including recirculating flue gas. Fuel material is introduced into the circulating fluidized bed. A sulfur reducing agent including CaCO3 is introduced into the circulating fluidized bed. Solid material is circulated out of the furnace and provides an external circulation of solid material via the external solid material handling system. The solid material is fluidized in the external solid material handling system by introducing a fluidizing medium including recirculating the gas into tire external solid material handling system.

Abstract: A method of sanitizing pipes, etc. in a hot water supply system includes the steps of normally heating water by driving water from a water storage tank, into a heat exchanger. Typically, a water pump is stopped once the water storage tank receives a particular percentage of hot water. However, when a sanitation mode is desired, the pump is not stopped, such that the water tank becomes all, or almost all, hot water. The hot water is then delivered to the pump, and from the pump to the heat exchanger. This hot water is thus operable to sanitize pipes and the pump.

Abstract: An oxyfuel combustion boiler plant comprising: a boiler having an air separation unit for manufacturing oxygen by separating nitrogen from air, a burner for burning the oxygen supplied from the air separation unit and pulverized coal, and a primary system pipe for supplying the pulverized coal to the burner, exhaust gas recirculation system pipe for supplying combustion exhaust gas discharged from the boiler to the primary system pipe, a carbon dioxide capture unit for capturing carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas discharged from the boiler, the oxyfuel combustion boiler plant is further comprising: an oxygen buffer tank disposed on a downstream side of the air separation unit; an oxygen supply pipe for supplying oxygen to the primary system pipe of the burner from the oxygen buffer tank; and a nitrogen supply pipe for supplying a part of nitrogen generated from the air separation unit or an air supply pipe for supplying air from outside which is connected to the oxygen supply pipe on a downstream side of the

Abstract: Disclosed is a coal boiler that makes it possible to reduce the height of the boiler and shorten the period of construction. The coal boiler includes a first furnace in which a combustion gas generated by burning coal and air ascends; a second furnace in which the combustion gas supplied from the first furnace flows downward; and a heat recovery area in which the combustion gas supplied from the second furnace flows upward.

Abstract: A fluid heating apparatus has a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, and a fluid path, and comprises a fluid pumping assembly configured to increase the pressure of the fluid on the fluid path, and forms a portion of the fluid path. A heating assembly is configured to heat the fluid between the fluid inlet and outlet, and forms a portion of the fluid path. A heat recovery assembly is configured to recover heat from the exhaust gases, and forms a portion of the fluid path to transfer recovered heat to fluid moving through the fluid path. A collection assembly may be employed to collect condensation from exhaust gases passing through the recovery assembly. A method is also disclosed.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for heating a fluid comprising an opened-loop heating circuit or a closed-loop heating circuit both comprising a rotary heating device, such as a water brake, and a closed-loop direct-fired boiler heating circuit; and systems and methods for evaporating a fluid and systems and methods for concentrating a fluid based on these heating circuits.

Abstract: A hot water storage type hot water supply device is capable of heating water inside a hot water storage tank appropriately, thereby preventing energy waste. A circulating pump is operated and a burner is incinerated, when the average of detected temperatures from water temperature detectors falls below a predetermined lower limit temperature. The burner is extinguished when an accumulated heating amount from the beginning of operation of a heat source equipment becomes equal to or more than a target heating amount necessary for elevating the total amount of water in the hot water storage tank to a preset hot water delivery temperature. The circulating pump is continuously operated after extinguishing the burner, until an accumulated circulated water amount of a circulating path becomes equal to or more than a predetermined water amount set to be equal to or more than a capacity of the hot water storage tank.

Abstract: The invention relates to a steam generator wherein a continuous heating panel of a generator, which is formed from a number of evaporator tubes, and an overheating panel, which is formed from a number of over-heating tubes which are arranged downstream from the evaporator tubes and on the flow side, are arranged in a heating gas channel. According to the invention, a water separating element is integrated into a number of over-flow tubes which are connected on the flow side of one of several evaporator tubes to one or several overheating tubes.

Abstract: A water heating apparatus uses a low range blower assembly and a high range blower assembly, each providing a variable flow of premixed fuel and air to a burner assembly. Appropriate choice of the operating ranges of the blower assemblies can provide a high turndown ratio approximately equal to the product of the turndown ratios of each of the individual blower assemblies. Turndown ratios as high as 25:1 are achievable.

Abstract: An integrated water coil air heater and economizer arrangement for a boiler has a feedwater inlet for supplying feedwater to the boiler, and conduits and a valve for splitting the feedwater from the inlet into a first partial lower temperature, lower mass flow stream, and a second partial higher temperature, higher flow stream. A water coil air heater for passage of air to be heated for the boiler contains at least one heat transfer loop in heat transfer relationship with the air, the heat transfer loop of the water coil air heater being connected to receive the first partial stream. An economizer for passage of flue gas to be cooled for the boiler contains at least one heat transfer loop in heat transfer relationship with the flue gas, the heat transfer loop of the economizer being connected to the heat transfer loop of the water coil air heater for receiving the first partial stream from the water coil air heater.

Abstract: There is provided an indoor mounting water heater in which combustion exhaust gas is discharged to the outdoors via an exhaust duct, wherein a decrease in draft force caused when the number of burner groups to be burned is reduced by a capacity changeover mechanism to decrease the combustion capacity can be prevented, and the heat efficiency can be improved. An air supply chamber 81 is divided into a plurality of parts 82 and 83 corresponding to a plurality of burner groups 51 and 52. The air sent from an air supply fan 84 is supplied to only a part of the air supply chamber corresponding to a burning burner group.

Abstract: A system and a method for controlling a pump in a recirculating hot water system is provided. In one embodiment, the invention relates to a method for controlling a temperature of water in a recirculating hot water system including a storage tank for storing heated water, a recirculation conduit including a supply conduit for supplying the heated water to users via a plurality of outlets having a first outlet and a last outlet and a return conduit for returning an unused portion the heated water to the storage tank, a pump for circulating the heated water, the pump disposed along the return conduit, the method including measuring, at a point along the recirculation conduit, a temperature of the heated water provided from the storage tank, and controlling a speed of the pump, disposed along the return conduit, based on the measured temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a continuous steam generator comprising a surrounding wall which forms a gas draught and whose lower section is configured from gas-tight evaporator tubes that are welded together and whose upper section is configured from gas-tight superheater tubes that are welded together. According to the invention, superheater tubes are connected downstream of the evaporator tubes on the flow medium side by means of a water separator system. The aim of the invention is to provide a system with particularly high degree of operational flexibility even in the start-up and off-peak periods, while keeping the production and installation expenditure relatively low. To achieve this, the water separator system comprises a large number of water separator elements, each of which is connected downstream or upstream of less than ten evaporator tubes, preferably one tube and/or less than ten superheater tubes, preferably one tube on the flow medium side.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a user activated hot water heater and control system for processing hot water to hot water output locations, e.g. faucet, shower, or the like, such that temperature fluctuations and delays in hot water delivery are reduced. The present invention provides energy savings resulting from smart activation of internal and/or external recirculation systems. Additionally, trickle flow is detected and responded to based on temperature responses at various points in the main flow line of the present configuration. Simultaneous internal and external recirculations are made possible with advantageous placement of a pump within internal and external recirculation loops and a solenoid valve within the internal recirculation loop. The present system further comprises a means for adjusting the pump action in response to a thermostatic valve, temperature sensors advantageously placed in the main flow line to reduce dead heading.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hot water supplying system that includes a preheating-circulating system, which heats water to maximally reduce the time to attain a temperature set by a user, and is designed to use a portion of preheating energy for heating, preventing pipelines from being frozen to burst in winter by preheating-circulating.