Abstract: An engine has an oil passage for supplying oil discharged by an oil pump. An oil passage for a driving valve system, an oil passage for auxiliary machines, and a controlling oil passage all branch from the pump oil passage. A throttle portion for controlling the amount of oil supplied to a driving valve system is provided in the valve system passage, and a throttle portion for controlling the amount of oil supplied to auxiliary machines is provided in the auxiliary passage.

Abstract: A four-cycle engine in which a mixed gas of a fuel and air containing a lubricating oil is transferred from a carburetor to a cylinder or a crank chamber, the gas is pushed out in the stage of descending the piston to the passage on the reverse side, transferred into a rocker arm chamber including an intake valve at the top of the cylinder via a passage including a valve gear mechanism, and it is directed to the cylinder in the intake stage, whereby the engine is lubricated by the lubricating oil. The engine has no oil pan and can be run at any inclination angle (360.degree.). Also disclosed is that it is also possible for the four-cycle engine to provide a diverged second passage extending to the crank room, to provide a lead valve on a portion of the second the passage, to provide a diverged third passage extending to the lower end of the crank chamber, to provide a lead valve or rotary valve, and to provide a fourth and/or fifth passage(s) to circulate the mixed gas.

Abstract: A lubricant supply system is provided for the induction system of a marine propulsion engine. The lubricant supply system delivers lubricant to the a flow controlling valve in the induction system upon shutting down of the engine and can be operated manually at the discretion of a user. The lubricant serves to reduce the likelihood of post-operation corrosion of the valve, particularly at the sliding support surfaces of the valve and also provides lubricant from startup operation.

Abstract: An overhead cam engine having an engine lubrication system for delivering oil includes an engine block and a cylinder head having a deck face adapted for mating with the engine block. The deck face forms an acute angle with a horizontal plane of the engine block. A valve train has transverse camshaft journal bearing assemblies with pressurized oil orifices to lubricate the bearings, a camshaft rotatably supported by the cylinder head through the transverse camshaft journal bearing assemblies, cams disposed on the camshaft, and valves actuated by the cams. The cylinder head has a transverse bridging surface bridging the transverse camshaft journal bearing assemblies. A bore is positioned along the bridging surface with a gasket supported by the bridging surface about the bore.

Abstract: A cylinder head having a device for returning lubricating oil from the interior is provided with two separate collectors which each extend in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder head. One of the collectors is connected with the interior of the cylinder head in the forward or rearward area of the cylinder head. The other of the collectors is connected with the interior only in the opposite rearward or forward area of the cylinder head. As a result, it is ensured that, in each case, at least one of the two collectors in the area of their connection point into the interior, also in the event of strong decelerations/accelerations, is always below the adjusting oil level and thus a disposal of oil from the cylinder head is ensured under all operating conditions.

Abstract: A water-cooled 4-stroke cycle internal combustion engine for propelling ships having a cylinder head and a cylinder block.

Abstract: An outboard motor having a multi-cylinder four-cycle, internal combustion engine as a power plant. The engine is provided with an oil reservoir in the upper portion of the drive shaft housing and lower unit. Oil is drained back to this oil reservoir by separate drain passages formed in the cylinder head and in the crankcase. In addition, an improved crankcase ventilating system is provided wherein the crankcase ventilating gases follow a circuitous path through the crankcase chamber, camshaft chambers and then to the intake system so as to reduce the emissions of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A method of lubricating and cleaning a fuel injector of a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine during running of the engine including delivering both a lubricant and a cleaning additive to the injector. The injector injects directly into the combustion chamber of the engine. The lubricant and cleaning additive are delivered to the fuel exit area of the injector.

Abstract: A portable, operator-carried power tool having an implement supported on an operator-carried frame, and a lightweight, four-stroke, internal combustion engine drivably connected to the implement and supported by the frame. The engine has a crankshaft situated in a crankshaft housing and a cylinder block secured to the crankshaft housing, the crankshaft being provided with a crankcase ventilation passage extending between the crankcase and an outlet end in communication with an air/fuel induction passage. A passage establishes communication between the interior of the crankcase and the valve chamber through a cam and cam gear region of the cylinder block. An oil mist generator is connected drivably to the crankshaft for agitating liquid oil in the crankcase to establish a lubricating oil mist. The crankcase, the cam region and the valve chamber form a closed oil mist containment whereby lubricating oil mist is distributed throughout the engine during operation regardless of angular orientation of the engine.

Abstract: Two embodiments of VVT mechanisms for internal combustion engines. The VVT mechanisms are hydraulically operated by the engine lubricating oil through control passages formed in the forward-most bearing portion of the camshaft. However, spaced on both sides of these control passages, there are provided lubricant supplies to the forwardmost and rearward most ends of the forward bearing surfaces of the camshaft so as to provide good lubrication, particularly in the more highly loaded forwardmost portion thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides, in one aspect, a lubrication system for internal combustion engines of the kind comprising a crankshaft (1) and an associated oil sump (3), a camshaft in a cylinder head above the oil sump, and a timing belt (5) connecting the crankshaft and camshaft via respective, pulleys (2, 4). In accordance with the invention, the timing belt is adapted to entrain a sufficient quantity of oil from the oil sump to lift it to the cylinder head for lubricating purposes, thereby eliminating the need for a separate oil pump. Preferably, an oil pulley (7) is provided below the crankshaft pulley (2) positioned to be immersed in oil within the oil sump for entraining oil therefrom.

Abstract: An overhead cam engine with an engine lubrication system comprises a valve train assembly which includes a camshaft rotatably supported by a cylinder head. An oil lubricated camshaft drive chain engages the camshaft to rotate it. A valve train lubricating assembly is disposed above the cylinder head and includes a baffle, radially positioned from the drive chain, to capture oil spray departing from the drive chain and a trough positioned above the valve train assembly. The trough is configured as an upward facing U-shaped channel, including an end wall to close the trough, defining a reservoir to collect oil from the baffle. Side outlets allow oil to overflow from the trough where outward protruding dimples act as precipitation points to target lubrication onto the valve train assembly.

Abstract: A method of lubricating a two-cycle internal combustion engine, which is capable of preventing blow-by of an air-fuel mixture in a combustion chamber, is provided for increasing fuel consumption and purifying exhaust gas. Lubrication of a valve portion and a sliding portion of a cylinder bore to a piston is improved so as to enhance maintenance performance and further improve fuel consumption. The method for lubricating a two-cycle internal combustion engine in which a control valve is disposed, in communicating passages for communicating a combustion chamber to a chamber portion adjacent to the combustion chamber, wherein the oil is supplied to bearing portions of the control valve for lubricating the bearing portions, and also the oil permeates through the communicating passages to be supplied to a sliding portion of a cylinder bore to a piston by an injection flow of the fuel or the air-fuel mixture, and lubricates the sliding portion.

Abstract: An oil supply passage is provided for connecting an oil chamber with a valve chamber, an oil feed passage for connecting a valve chamber with a crank chamber, and an oil return passage for connecting the crank chamber with the oil chamber. The oil return passage is connected with the crank chamber via a plurality of return vents formed on an inner surface of the crank chamber at approximately equal intervals. Providing a bypass passage, one end of the bypass passage opens adjacent to a ceiling of the valve chamber. Another end of the bypass passage opens into a portion facing the restrictor formed adjacent to an outlet of the oil feed passage. Accordingly, the crank chamber and the valve chamber are lubricated by pressure fluctuations of the crank chamber according to the reciprocation of a piston. Thus, it is possible to lubricate the engine even when the engine is tilted in any direction.

Abstract: A four-stroke internal combustion engine in accordance with the present invention comprises a piston, a valve chamber, a crankcase, an oil chamber separated from the crankcase, and an oil mist feeding passage extending from the oil chamber to the crank case via the valve chamber for supplying oil mist in the oil chamber. The oil mist feeding passage has a first passage extending from the oil chamber to the valve chamber, a second passage extending from the valve chamber to the crankcase, and a third passage extending from the crankcase to the first passage. The first passage has a first opening directed toward the oil chamber. The second passage has a second opening directed toward the crankcase located at a point where it can be closed by the piston when it travels downwardly. The third passage has a third opening directed toward the crankcase located at a point below a bottom dead center of the piston.

Abstract: A twin overhead camshaft internal combustion engine embodying a variable valve timing mechanism on each of the camshafts. The variable valve timing mechanism is operated hydraulically by lubricant that is supplied to it through a bearing surface of the camshaft so as to minimize external conduits and connections and to simplify sealing.

Abstract: An arrangement for lubricating the piston pin and associated bearing surfaces in a reciprocating machine wherein a charge is compressed in a crankcase chamber. The arrangement includes a groove in the cooperating bearing surfaces in which lubricant is retained. The opposite ends of the groove are exposed to different pressure areas in the engine that vary cyclically, but not in phase with each other so lubricant will be pumped back and forth in the groove during the cyclic engine operation.

Abstract: An oil passage structure of an engine is provided, wherein oil is prevented from being drained from an oil passage when the engine is stopped, and air mixed into the oil in the oil passage can be surely removed. The oil passage structure includes a first oil path or paths for supplying oil to lash adjusters of a cylinder head of the engine, a second oil path that communicates with an oil pump and supplies oil into an upstream portion of each first oil path, and an air vent passage that is connected to a downstream portion of each first oil path and has an opening through which the air is to be removed from the oil path. The second oil path and the opening of the air vent passage are located at higher positions than the first oil path(s).

Abstract: A sensor assembly for measuring characteristics of motor oil in a vehicle includes a housing adapted to be mechanically coupled to a vehicle for receiving motor oil of the vehicle and at least one capacitive sensor including sensing electrodes positioned relative to the housing to measure characteristics of motor oil between the sensing electrodes. The sensing electrodes are coated with a soot build-up inhibiting coating which, in a preferred embodiment, is a silicone coating. The at least one capacitive sensor include an oil level sensor and an oil deterioration sensor in a preferred embodiment.

Abstract: A sensor assembly includes a tilt sensor, an oil level sensor, an oil temperature sensor and an oil deterioration sensor, as well as associated output signal conditioning electronics integrated within a common assembly. The sensor assembly is configured to receive a volume of motor oil proportional to a total volume of oil in an engine. The oil level sensor, oil temperature sensor and oil deterioration sensors include electrodes which are completely or partially immersed in the volume of motor oil depending upon the total volume of oil in the engine. The tilt sensor includes only two electrodes both of which are at least partially immersed within a controlled volume of dielectric fluid which is physically and electrically isolated from the volume of motor oil. One of the electrodes of the tilt sensor is completely immersed in the controlled volume of dielectric fluid independent of an angle of the tilt sensor relative to a vector representing forces such as gravity applied to the tilt sensor.

Abstract: Oil flow from an air compressor is directed to a nozzle within or near the entrance of an intake manifold of an engine. Air is directed to the nozzle from a pressure regulator associated with the air compressor. The air is used to atomize the liquid lubricant and create a fine mist that is injected into the air intake manifold and evenly distribute the lubricant to the cylinders of the engine.

Abstract: The cylinder head arrangement of an internal-combustion engine consists of at least two housing components which are arranged on one another in a common flange plane. Adjacent this flange plane, indentations extend in the respective flange surfaces and may, for example, be cast in. In the flange plane, the two flange surfaces are separated from one another by an inserted seal so that at least two mutually separated duct sections are formed which are used for the oil supply of the cylinder head arrangement.

Abstract: A feature of the invention resides in a plating arrangement for a piston that reciprocates within a cylinder. The piston includes a generally cylindrical piston body. The piston body includes a piston head with a nickel plating and a piston skirt with a tin plating provided at the circumference of the piston body. At least one piston ring groove with a molybdenum disulfide plating is provided in the piston skirt at an upper portion of the piston body. A piston ring with a chromium and resin layer is disposed in each of the piston ring grooves. The piston body includes a piston pin hole that defines an inner diameter surface of the piston. The inner diameter surface has a molybdenum disulfide plating. The plating arrangement for the piston enhances lubrication of the piston.

Abstract: A heat exchanger is provided in an oil recirculation system that is exclusively dedicated to providing lubrication of the valve train in an overhead cam engine. The flow rate of oil through the heat exchanger is controlled to maintain the temperature of oil disposed in a reservoir formed in an enclosure in which the overhead cam and associated valve train components are mounted, at a value sufficient to assure a sufficiently thick oil film between sliding components of the overhead cam valve train under high surface contact loads.

Abstract: The invention relates to an internal combustion engine having a cylinder head with a cam drive, which has a rocker arm pivotably supported in the cylinder head. A roller is supported in the rocker arm in which the roller rolls on a cam path of a cam of a camshaft and is intended for the drive of reciprocating components. The roller is supported in the rocker arm on a roller bolt which on at least one face end has a bore leading to the bearing point of the roller, to which bore lubricant can be delivered on the face end upon execution of a reciprocating motion by a lubricant delivery device associated in the region of the reciprocation path executed by the bore.

Abstract: A variable valve timing mechanism (VVT) for adjusting the valve timing of an intake valve of an internal combustion engine. The mechanism is hydraulically driven by oil pressure. An oil control valve (OCV) is provided on a cylinder head of the engine for controlling oil flow from a pump. A drainage pan in the cylinder head receives oil drained from various mechanical components of the engine. A drain passage drains oil from the control valve to a drain well. The oil in the drainage pan is also led to the drainage well. A wall, or dam, is formed between the drainage pan and the drainage well for restricting the oil flow from the drainage pan to the drainage well. This prevents the drainage well from being flooded when the flow rate of oil into the drainage pan increases dramatically, which improves the performance of the VVT mechanism.

Abstract: A combustion engine with adjustable cam and lubrication mechanism including a cam shaft with a plurality of threads formed therein. At least one cam has a threaded bore formed therein for allowing the cam to be adjustably coupled with the threads of the cam shaft. Further included is a lubrication mechanism attached to the cam shaft for agitating oil within the engine.

Abstract: Oil is burned controllably in an engine to reduce valve and valve guide wear and valve seat face recession, thus extending cylinder head and valve life. A nozzle discharges atomized oil into an intake manifold. The nozzle receives the oil from a pressurized source of oil. Used engine lubricating oil from the engine is preferably the source of oil, thus both disposing of used oil and allowing the lubricating oil to be maintained fresher. An atomizing fluid, such as air or natural gas, is fed to the nozzle for atomizing the oil. An air and fuel mixture conveys the atomized oil into combustion chambers where the oil is burned. The oil has an additive that leaves a finely dispersed ash residue in the combustion chambers when the oil is burned. Where a valve closes against a seat face in the cylinder head, the ash residue reduces valve wear and seat face recession, presumably because the ash residue provides a cushioning effect.

Abstract: A lubricant supply system is provided for the induction system of a marine propulsion engine. The lubricant supply system delivers lubricant to the a flow controlling valve in the induction system upon shutting down of the engine and can be operated manually at the discretion of a user. The lubricant serves to reduce the likelihood of post-operation corrosion of the valve, particularly at the sliding support surfaces of the valve and also provides lubricant from start-up operation.

Abstract: In an engine including a variable timing/lift mechanism for an intake valve, journal portions of a valve-operating cam shaft are supported on cam bearing portions integrally provided in a cylinder head, and an intake rocker shaft is fixed by bolts to rocker shaft fixing portions provided on an upper surface of the cam bearing portions. By bringing opposite sides of intake rocker arms swingably supported on the intake rocker shaft into slidable abutment against positioning faces integrally formed on opposite sides of the cam bearing portions, the intake rocker arms are positioned in a thrust direction. Thus, it is possible to accurately and easily position the intake rocker arms in the thrust direction without the need for a special member.

Abstract: A pre-start engine oiler for internal combustion engines provides a pressurized charge of oil to the lubricating system when the ignition key is turned to the on position and prior to engaging the starter. A reservoir connected with a valve body is supplied with oil under pressure from the engine lubricating system through a check valve disposed in an oil passage in the body when the oil pump pressure exceeds the reservoir pressure during the course of operation. The oil passage is connected by an oil line to an existing oil conduit by a tee or to an adapter installed between the oil filter and the engine block. Oil ports above and below the check valve extend between the oil passage and a piston chamber containing a sliding piston which normally closes flow through the oil ports. The piston is retracted by a solenoid connected in series to the ignition circuit through an electronic timer and switch.

Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine, particularly for motor vehicles. An oil-collecting chamber is disposed between the pin bosses above the pin boss bore. Oil collects within the chamber and is directed down onto the pin bosses, during reciprocating motion of the piston. The width of the chamber is approximately the same as the diameter of the pin boss bore.

Abstract: In a two cycle internal combustion engine with uni-directional flow scavenging wherein a piston is disposed in a cylinder so as to be movable between top and bottom dead center end positions, the cylinder has fresh air inlet passages which are so arranged that their bottom walls are disposed below the piston top edge when the piston is in its bottom dead center position so that part of the piston top land is directly exposed to the fresh air flow through the air inlet passages and oil discharge bores extend from the air inlet passages and are in communication with the oil circulating system for the removal of oil wiped off the cylinder wall and collected in the inlet passages.

Abstract: An arrangement of oil passages to a valve system can reduce the number of parts required thereby lowering the manufacturing cost. The oil passages to a valve system of an internal combustion engine are integrally formed with the cylinder block and a cylinder head. These oil passages are arranged along the outer surfaces on a side opposed to a cylinder liner and a combustion chamber relative to a valve system drive transmission.

Abstract: An internal-combustion engine comprises two cylinder banks inclined with respect to a vertical line and has two overhead camshafts respectively which are driven by way of an intermediate shaft by the crankshaft. The connection between the camshafts and the intermediate shaft takes place by way of driving devices which extend in timing cases. In order to maintain consistent oil levels in the cylinder heads which fluctuate during an acceleration or a cornering, a lubricant pump is arranged on each of the cylinder heads which, on the suction side, is connected with the cylinder head and, on the delivery side, is connected with the oil pan. The lubricant pump is continuously driven by the camshaft.

Abstract: A cylinder block has a chamber communicating with a cylinder sleeve. The cylinder sleeve has spiral recesses on the outer periphery of the cylinder sleeve. Spaced through holes are on the spiral recesses. Oil-seepage holes are on the periphery of the oil pipe. The oil pipe coils around the cylinder sleeve along the spiral recesses. An oil-collecting groove is beneath the cylinder sleeve to communicate with an outlet pipe. An inlet pipe communicates with the upper end of the cylinder sleeve. The upper end of the oil pipe communicates with the inlet pipe.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder block which defines a cylinder, a crankshaft bearing supported at least in part by the cylinder block, a crankshaft which is rotatably supported by the crankshaft bearing, a piston slidably housed in the cylinder, a connecting rod having one end connected to the piston and having an opposite end connected to the crankshaft, a cylinder head mounted on the cylinder block, a camshaft at least partially supported by the cylinder head for rotation relative thereto, an oil pump having an outlet, a first oil conduit communicating between the oil pump outlet and the crankshaft bearing, an oil filter communicating with the first oil conduit for filtering oil only in the first oil conduit, and a second oil conduit communicating between the oil pump outlet and the camshaft, oil in the second oil conduit being unfiltered between the pump outlet and the camshaft.

Abstract: A cylinder head assembly having a camshaft axially supported by a cylinder head through a camshaft housing having a head oil passageway for guiding lubricating oil to those parts of the cylinder head which require lubrication. The camshaft housing is provided with an oil reserve chamber communicating with the oil head passageway. One end of a through-passageway communicates with an upper part of the oil reserve chamber, and the other end of this through-passageway communicates with a camshaft journal of the camshaft housing.

Abstract: A motor vehicle containing a two-cycle, crankcase compression, internal combustion engine having direct lubricating systems for supplying lubricant to the sliding surfaces of the piston and cylinder bore for each cylinder of the engine, separate pumps for delivering lubricant to the crankshaft bearings associated with each cylinder of the engine and a system for delivering lubricant to the engine for the remaining components through the induction system.

Abstract: A valve guide (14) for guiding a stem (13) of a headed poppet valve (11) for slidable movement in an internal combustion engine has an inner bearing surface (17) of generally cylindrical shape but a groove (18) which is cut spirally into that surface extends radially outwardly therefrom and provides a lubricant passage which extends for at least part o the length of the bearing surface (17). The cross-sectional shape of the spiral groove (18) is characterized by a lower groove portion (21) which is substantially at right angles to the stem (13) and functions to scrape lubricant off the stem (13) and as he stem (13) moves downwardly in the valve opening direction, but the upper surface portion (22) of the groove (18) back into clearance space between the valve stem (13) and guide (14).

Abstract: A direct lubricating system for a machine such as a cycle internal combustion engine wherein the lubricant is delivered directly to the sliding surfaces of the engine to be lubricated. A less viscous fluid such as fuel is mixed with the lubricant so as to ensure good distribution and the desired viscosity.

Abstract: A crankcase compression, two cycle, internal combustion engine including an arrangement for facilitating starting by reducing the viscosity of lubricant which may remain on the cylinder bore after engine shut down. This viscosity decrease is accomplished by adding a low viscosity fluid through the cylinder bore during starting if the temperature of the engine is below a predetermined amount.

Abstract: A V-type internal combustion engine comprises a plurality of hydraulically actuable valve operation mode control actuators for two cylinder banks. A hydraulic fluid network is fluidly disposed between a main gallery of the cylinder block and the plurality of hydraulically actuable valve operation mode control actuators and includes a single control valve. The single control valve is common to all of the plurality of hydraulically actuable valve operation mode control actuators. This control valve is attached to a casing adapted to receive a drive system connecting the engine camshafts to the engine crankshaft. This casing has internal passages forming a part of the hydraulic fluid network between the control valve and the plurality of hydraulically actuable valve operation mode control actuators.

Abstract: A mechanism for providing a continuous supply of oil on camshaft lobes used in an overhead cam internal combustion engine. The mechanism includes camshaft bearing caps affixed to the engine about the camshaft journals. Protruding from the side surface of the central portion of the bearing caps are oil diverter pads. The oil diverter pads cause oil that builds up on the surface of the camshaft journals to be diverted toward the camshaft lobes to provide lubrication between the camshaft lobes and the roller finger followers.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine including a camshaft journalled in a bearing for rotational movement therein. The camshaft includes a main oil passageway extending axially therethrough and is in flow communication with the oil sump. The camshaft further includes an auxiliary passageway extending from the main passageway to a sidewall outer surface of the camshaft. A first lubricating passageway is formed within the crankcase and extends from the camshaft bearing to the cylinder head, and a second lubricating passageway is formed within the cylinder head and extends from the first passageway to the upper portion of the valve rocker mechanism of the engine. As the camshaft rotates upon engine operation, the auxiliary passageway in the camshaft is in periodic flow communication with the first passageway to provide a pulsed flow of oil to the first passageway. The oil then flows through the second passageway and lubricates the valve rocker mechanism.

Abstract: A one-piece valve cover product for use on an internal combustion engine having an engine cylinder head, said cover product including dome-like upper portion which acts as a cover over the cylinder head area of the engine, a peripheral flange portion adapted for sealing engagement to the cylinder head, a plurality of apertures through said flange portion through which a plurality of fasteners can be inserted to secure said cover product in sealing engagement to the cylinder head, said valve cover including in an upper portion thereof a molded or cast conduit passageway member formed as part of the valve cover itself, said passageway member extending inside the cover and being adapted to receive an air/oil vapor mixture associated with operation of the engine and to condense oil out of said air/oil mixture, at least one or more apertures located in a lower part of that passageway member to permit the oil droplets which are condensed, to drain back into the engine, and wherein said valve cover is formed from a

Abstract: A seal assembly capable of sealing a rotatable shaft protruding from a fluid-containing chamber in an internal combustion engines and the like. The seal characteristics of the seal assembly are largely attributed to surface interface between the seal cap and the main body of the seal assembly. More particularly, the seal cap includes a pair of legs each having fractured ends which are in end-to-end engagement with corresponding legs of the main body also having fractured ends. By mating corresponding fractured ends of respective legs of the seal cap and the main body, an improved seal is provided. A method by which such an improved seal assembly can be manufactured is also disclosed.

Abstract: A four-stroke cycle engine unit for a working machine has generally a lubricating device for lubricating mechanical parts in a valve chamber and a cam chamber. The lubricating device comprises a body which has the cam chamber and a crank chamber, a cylinder head and a head cover having the valve chamber, and a mechanism for preventing a lubricating oil from escaping from at least one of through holes for push rods provided in a wall of the valve chamber and the cam chamber.

Abstract: The support structure for cam shafts including an intake cam shaft and an exhaust cam shaft, a pair of intake cams per a cylinder formed side by side on the intake cam shaft, a pair of exhaust cams per a cylinder formed side by side on the exhaust cam shaft and having longer interval therebetween than that of the intake cams, a cam cap forming an upper portion of the support structure for the cam shafts and an upper wall portion of a plug hole for inserting the ignition plug, a cam carrier forming a lower portion of the support structure for the cam shafts and a lower wall portion of the plug hole, and fasteners for fastening the cam cap to an engine block. The fasteners are disposed both at longitudinally opposite sides of the pair of intake cams and between the pair of the exhaust cams.

Abstract: The reduction of wear at the cylinder walls of combustion engines is achieved by a new type of piston with special channels and facilities for collecting lubricants and distributing the lubricants during the piston movement and especially during the first cycles onto areas of highest wear of the cylinder wall.