Abstract: To facilitate construction of internal combustion engines rotating in opposite directions using the same crankcase, three recessed bearings 5, 5a, 5b, are formed in the crankcase. For engines operating in a first direction of rotation, a first bearing 5 supports a first intermediate gear 4 to provide the driving connection between the crankshaft 2 and the camshaft 7, and for an engine having an opposite direction of rotation the second and third bearings 5a, 5b, support a second intermediate gear 4 and the first intermediate gear 8 to provide the driving connection between the crankshaft 2 and the camshaft 7. This construction permits a simple conversion operation to change the rotation direction of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A reverse rotation control apparatus for a two-cycle engine of a motor vehicle which can be implemented inexpensively while preventing exhaust gas composition and ignition performance from degradation. The apparatus includes a variety of sensors for generating a variety of information signals corresponding to engine operating states, and an ignition control unit (10A) for generating an ignition signal (P) for the engine (1) on the basis of the variety of information. The sensors include at least a rotation sensor (6) for generating a rotation signal (SG) and a reverse rotation switch (23) for generating a reverse rotation command signal (RW).

Abstract: A reverse rotation control apparatus of inexpensive structure for making it possible to reverse rotation of a two-cycle engine for a motor vehicle without need for monitoring constantly engine rotation speed (rpm) while sparing gear box includes a variety of sensors for generating signals corresponding to engine operating states, and an ignition control unit (10A) for generating an ignition signal (P) on the basis of the various signals. The sensors include a rotation sensor (6) for generating a rotation signal (SG) indicating engine rotation number (Re) and a reverse rotation switch (23) for generating a reverse rotation command signal (RW).

Abstract: A reverse rotation control system for a two-cycle engine of a motor vehicle which can be implemented inexpensively while preventing exhaust gas from degradation. The system includes a variety of sensors for generating signals corresponding to engine operation states, and an ignition control unit (10A) for generating an ignition signal (P) on the basis of the various signals. The sensors include a rotation sensor (6) for generating a rotation signal (SG) indicating engine rotation number (Re) and a reverse rotation switch (23) for generating a reverse rotation command signal (RW).

Abstract: An auxiliary system for a motor vehicle including at least two intermittently driven auxiliary devices, a single electric motor for driving the at least two auxiliary devices, a free wheel arrangement for operatively connecting the at least two auxiliary devices with the electric motor in such a way that one of the at least two auxiliary devices is, from time to time, not operatively connected with the electric motor, and a priority circuit for determining the priority order of actuation of the at least two auxiliary devices, when both devices need be actuated.

Abstract: A method of changing the direction of rotation of an internal combustion engine, and in particular of a marine engine, in which the camshafts (15) include two cams (16, 17) for each tappet (20) of a controlled member, each of said cams being suitable for use in one direction of rotation, the direction of rotation of the engine being changed by shifting said camshafts in translation, wherein, prior to shifting said camshafts, the tappets are rotated through one-fourth of a turn so as to put the axis of rotation of each tappet cam-follower wheel (10) orthogonal to the direction of camshaft translation. The invention also applies to an engine employing the method.

Abstract: The mechanism comprises a rectilinearly movable roller guide which at its upper end can be coupled to the plunger of the fuel pump and in the lower end of which an arm is journalled by means of a pivot pin. The arm supports a follower roller which is held in contact with an actuating cam on the rotating control shaft of the engine. To the arm there is secured a pin engaging in a vertical guideway which can be moved horizontally so as to pivot the arm between two end positions each corresponding to one direction of rotation of the engine. Each end position is defined by the mutual engagement, under the influence of the force acting on the follower roller, between two abutment surfaces provided on the arm and the roller guide, respectively.

Abstract: A method of improving the effectiveness of braking a reversible four-stroke V type Diesel engine with an even number of at least ten working cylinders fitted with individual starting valves sequentially fed from an engine-driven rotary pressure air distributor, the method consisting in reducing the duration of pressure air inlet to the distributor for one bank of cylinders with respect to the other bank and optimizing such a shortened duration for each starting valve of one bank of cylinders during the braking step and possibly optimizing that for each starting valve of the other bank of cylinders for the restarting step.

Abstract: A method and a device for pneumatically braking and re-starting in the reverse direction a Diesel engine, comprising stopping the fuel supply to the engine, locking starting valves of the engine in an open position during the braking period, and then opening a main starting valve and the exhaust ports of the starting valves when the engine has slowed down to a rotary speed of a predetermined value.

Abstract: This invention relates to an ignition device for an internal combustion engine, in which a primary winding of an ignition coil and a breaker contact are connected in series and the breaker contact is so designed that wanted high voltages are produced only when the breaker contact is opened, whereby the engine is prevented from rotating in a reverse direction.

Abstract: Apparatus for protecting reversible engines against damage during reversal of engine rotation notwithstanding that such reversal is initiated remotely by the operator by a single movement of the control handle without regard of the engine speed at the time such reversal is initiated, said apparatus including means for automatically cutting off engine throttle, determining the engine speed and direction of rotation at time reversal operation is initiated, and delaying, if necessary, restarting of the engine in the desired direction of rotation until rotation in the prior direction has been reduced to a safe speed for effecting such rotational reversal.