Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes an engine block having a cylinder bore and a cylinder head having a flame deck surface disposed at one end of the cylinder bore. A piston connected to a rotatable crankshaft and configured to reciprocate within the cylinder bore has a piston crown portion facing the flame deck surface such that a combustion chamber is defined within the cylinder bore and between the piston crown and the flame deck surface. A fuel injector having a nozzle tip disposed in fluid communication with the combustion chamber has at least one nozzle opening configured to inject a fuel jet into the combustion chamber along a fuel jet centerline. At least one duct defined in the combustion chamber between the piston crown and the flame deck surface has a generally rectangular cross section and extends in a radial direction relative to the cylinder bore substantially along the fuel jet centerline.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a combustion chamber defined by a cylinder, a piston defining a piston top, a cylinder head with an intake port and an exhaust port, and a corresponding intake valve and an exhaust valve. The internal combustion engine further includes an intake manifold for supplying air to the combustion chamber and an exhaust manifold for drawing exhaust gas from the combustion chamber. The flow dynamics of the internal combustion engine are improved by including textured surfaces on one or more of the piston top, the cylinder head, the intake valve, the intake port, the exhaust valve, the intake manifold, the exhaust manifold, or the fuel supplier. The textured surface may include indentations, protrusions, or combinations.

Abstract: A wall shape of a cavity consists of an inward protruding portion located at the periphery of an opening, a center portion projecting toward a fuel injector, and a peripheral portion connecting the inward protruding portion and the center portion. The fuel injector and the cavity are configured so that fuel injected from fuel injector directs to the proximity of the border between the inward protruding portion and the peripheral portion. The peripheral portion consists of a first portion located farthermost from the fuel injector, a second portion located between the inward protruding portion and the first portion, and a third portion located between the first portion and the center portion. The radii of arcs of the peripheral portion decrease from the second portion to the first portion and increase from the first portion to the third portion.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for improving performance in an internal combustion engine includes texturing on an inner surface of at least a portion of an engine head. The texturing may include elongated raised portions extending in one or more directions that may aid in controlling and directing pre-combustion and/or combustion gases in a combustion chamber for a more unified combustion. The result is improved power and/or efficiency.

Abstract: A wall shape of a cavity consists of an inward protruding portion located at the periphery of an opening, a center portion projecting toward a fuel injector, and a peripheral portion connecting the inward protruding portion and the center portion. The fuel injector and the cavity are configured so that fuel injected from fuel injector directs to the proximity of the border between the inward protruding portion and the peripheral portion. The peripheral portion consists of a first portion located farthermost from the fuel injector, a second portion located between the inward protruding portion and the first portion, and a third portion located between the first portion and the center portion. The radii of arcs of the peripheral portion decrease from the second portion to the first portion and increase from the first portion to the third portion.

Abstract: A method and device for controllably combusting combustible material, including a combustion device comprising an elongate combustion tube having an inlet section including an inlet for combustible material, an ignition section, including an igniter displaced along a length of the tube from the inlet section to ignite the combustible material, and at least one energy extraction device operatively coupled to the combustion tube and configured to extract energy from combustion of the combustible mixture.

Abstract: A direct fuel injection-type spark-ignition internal combustion engine is disclosed. The engine comprises a fuel injector for injecting fuel as a spray in nearly the shape of a fan having a relative small thickness, a spark plug and a cavity formed on the top surface of a piston. The cavity has a long and narrow groove-like shape. The spray is injected by the fuel injector such that the spray is almost parallel with the center axis of the piston, and impinges in the cavity. The spark plug is arranged in the upper portion of the cylinder to face the cavity.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine with a piston arranged in a cylinder bore, a pair of intake passages to the cylinder bore, and having a piston crown provided with a crescent-shaped depression. The inlet passages are arranged symmetrically with respect to an axis of symmetry running through the center of the cylinder bore between the two intake passages. The crescent-shaped depression formed in the piston crown extends across and is symmetrical with respect to the axis of symmetry.

Abstract: Upper and lower surfaces of each intake valve, an upper surface of each piston, and an interior piston facing surface of each cylinder head of an internal combustion engine are textured to create a controlled turbulence in an air-fuel mixture flowing to and entering a combustion chamber. The surface texture preferably comprises generally concentric grooves and ramps machined into the surfaces.

Abstract: A combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine includes a co-axial valve mechanism with a hemispherically concave exhaust valve disk actuated by a single overhead camshaft. A piston face is provided including an offset shallow bowl for accommodating the spark gap of a spark plug when the piston is at top dead center and at least one groove situated at least partially about the shallow bowl. The co-axial valve mechanism and piston face configuration results in more complete combustion and greater power development.

Abstract: A piston for use in the cylinders of internal combustion engines of either spark ignition or compression ignition type. A succession of interrupted ribs, aligned along arcs of increasing radius, stand proud of the piston crown surface to promote turbulence in the unburned charge as the flame spreads to meet them. The solid parts of all the ribs are preferably arranged in a regular pattern, and may be of such arcuate extent and so staggered from arc to arc that no sector of the flame can spread straight across the surface of the piston crown without being deflected by at least one solid part. The surface of the crown may be divided into upper and lower levels by a step, with ribs standing up from both levels.

Abstract: A direct injection type internal combustion engine with a low pressure fuel injector includes a cylinder block having a predetermined number of cylinders, a cylinder head mounted on the cylinder block, a piston which has a large surface area at its head wall and a high heat transfer ability and is reciprocally movable within the cylinder for affording rotational motion to a crankshaft, a combustion chamber formed among the piston, the cylinder and the cylinder head, an intake valve mechanism for opening and closing an intake passage to be communicated with the combustion chamber, igniting means having its igniting portion facing the combustion chamber, a low pressure fuel injector as fuel supply means having an injection port of a wide injection angle and directed toward the head wall of the piston, and an exhaust valve mechanism for opening and closing an exhaust passage to be communicated with the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A two-stroke cycle internal combustion engine has a sustained power stroke which results from delayed mixing of a stratified charge. Use of delayed mixing of an overall stoichiometric air-fuel mixture results in formation of a low amount of the oxides of nitrogen. Delayed mixing of a stratified charge is achieved by placement of a Helmholtz resonator cavity in the piston and peripherally just below the crown thereof. The Helmholtz resonator cavity communicates with the combustion chamber via a narrow slot made by undercutting the top edge of the piston. A port type intake valve is used. Pressurized air passing through the intake port during the exhaust phase of the cycle streams past the undercut top edge of the piston. After the engine cylinder has received a charge of fresh air the compression stroke is begun and the main chamber is filled with a slight fuel-rich gaseous charge. The companion Helmholtz resonator cavity receives only an air charge from the intake port.