Abstract: A low emission power generating apparatus which comprises a modified two-stroke diesel engine component and a modified turbocharger component which has a relatively low aspect ratio. The diesel engine component is a modification of a conventional two-stroke diesel engine design and includes a modified connecting rod assembly which causes a modified piston to accelerate rapidly within the combustion chamber and an exhaust valve cam of unique design that has a cam profile which results in a later than-normal exhaust valve opening and an earlier-than-normal valve closing so that the time during which the exhaust valve remains open is shorter than normal, thereby causing a substantially greater volume of residual gases to remain in the combustion chamber following the scavenge stroke. This increase in the volume of the residual exhaust gases within the chamber leads to an increase in compression temperature and effectively increases the compression ratio and consequently the compression pressure.

Abstract: A low emission power generating apparatus which comprises a modified two-stroke diesel engine component and a modified turbocharger component which has a relatively low aspect ratio. The diesel engine component is a modification of a conventional two-stroke diesel engine design and includes an exhaust valve cam of unique design that has a cam profile which results in a later than-normal exhaust valve opening and an earlier-than-normal valve closing so that the time during which the exhaust valve remains open is shorter than normal, thereby causing a substantially greater volume of residual gases to remain in the combustion chamber following the scavenge stroke. This increase in the volume of the residual exhaust gases within the chamber leads to an increase in compression temperature and effectively increases the compression ratio and consequently the compression pressure.

Abstract: A method of operating a two-cycle internal combustion engine under low load conditions. A throttle is placed at the intake air system to reduce air intake into the engine cylinders. A pump is placed in the exhaust system, such that it creates reduced pressure downstream of the exhaust valves. In this manner, when the air intake ports close, the exhaust is evacuated and the air trapped in the cylinder is reduced. This permits fuel to be reduced so that the engine may operate in a low load state without losing combustion.

Abstract: The modification of the exhaust valve of a two cycle diesel engine in order to increase the amount of the valve stem travel and hence larger annular opening, without changing the total time period or degrees of crank shaft rotation during which time the exhaust valve is open and permits the combusted fuel air mixture to exhaust is disclosed. In cooperation with the improved valve opening, the intake port for the intake air is lowered and lengthened to therefore permit a longer power stroke, and the input of more air which, when combined with the improved scavenging, increases the amount of oxygen available for combustion. The increase in the opening of the valve is achieved by shortening one of the two arms of the rocker arm which engages the valve stem, the arm shortened being the arm which is activated by the push rod. This results in a lengthening of the stroke of the valve stem and the valve which translates into a larger annular opening for exhaust. In addition, the exhaust sector of the 180.degree.

Abstract: A low emission power generating apparatus which comprises a modified two-stroke diesel engine component and a modified turbocharger component which has a relatively low aspect ratio. The diesel engine component is a modification of a conventional two-stroke diesel engine design and includes an exhaust valve cam of unique design that has a cam profile which results in a later-than-normal exhaust valve opening and an earlier-than-normal valve closing so that the time during which the exhaust valve remains open is shorter than normal, thereby causing a substantially greater volume of residual gases to remain in the combustion chamber following the scavenge stroke. This increase in the volume of the residual exhaust gases within the chamber leads to an increase in compression temperature and effectively increases the compression ratio and consequently the compression pressure.

Abstract: A two stroke supercharged internal combustion engine having a intake valve positioned in and part of the cylinder block wall and a exhaust valve in the cylinder head providing a regulated flow of gasses from bottom to top combustion chamber when scavenging and also isolating the piston rings lubricated with oil to minimize the contamination of the combustion chamber, exhaust gas and crankcase oil.

Abstract: A low emission power generating apparatus which comprises a modified two-stroke diesel engine component and a modified turbocharger component which has a relatively low aspect ratio. The diesel engine component is a modification of a conventional two-stroke diesel engine design and includes an exhaust valve cam of unique design that has a cam profile which results in a later-than-normal exhaust valve opening and an earlier-than-normal valve closing so that the time during which the exhaust valve remains open is shorter than normal, thereby causing a substantially greater volume of residual gases to remain in the combustion chamber following the scavenge stroke. Reduction in peak combustion temperature advantageously results in the lower than normal production of nitrogen oxide (NOx) and, therefore, allows advancement of the injection timing, while still maintaining the NOx emissions coming from the engine lower than those legislatively mandated.

Abstract: A cylinder head for a uniflow-scavenged two-stroke internal-combustion engine, particularly in motor vehicles, is provided with outlet valves which can be controlled by a camshaft. Outlet ducts connected with the outlet valves extend out of the cylinder head. A total of four outlet valves are provided for each cylinder, with the associated outlet ducts being guided to one side of the cylinder head. The camshaft is arranged laterally of the cylinder head opposite the outlet side of the outlet ducts. The outlet valves which are situated on the side facing away from the camshaft can be operated from the direction of the camshaft by way of operating members transversely penetrating the cylinder head.

Abstract: In a two cycle internal combustion engine with uni-directional flow scavenging wherein a piston is disposed in a cylinder so as to be movable between top and bottom dead center end positions, the cylinder has fresh air inlet passages which are so arranged that their bottom walls are disposed below the piston top edge when the piston is in its bottom dead center position so that part of the piston top land is directly exposed to the fresh air flow through the air inlet passages and oil discharge bores extend from the air inlet passages and are in communication with the oil circulating system for the removal of oil wiped off the cylinder wall and collected in the inlet passages.

Abstract: The modification of the exhaust valve of a two cycle diesel engine in order to increase the amount of the valve stem travel and hence larger annular opening, without changing the total time period or degrees of crank shaft rotation during which time the exhaust valve is open and permits the combusted fuel air mixture to exhaust is disclosed. In cooperation with the improved valve opening, the intake port for the intake air is lowered and lengthened to therefore permit a longer power stroke, and the input of more air which, when combined with the improved scavenging, increases the amount of oxygen available for combustion. The increase in the opening of the valve is achieved by shortening one of the two arms of the rocker arm which engages the valve stem, the arm shortened being the arm which is activated by the push rod. This results in a lengthening of the stroke of the valve stem and the valve which translates into a larger annular opening for exhaust. In addition, the exhaust sector of the 180.degree.

Abstract: The unitary cylinder head and liner combination, is vertically cast as a one piece unit. The liner incorporates a water jacket therein. The water jacket is draftless, allowing water to circulate therethrough more efficiently, increasing cooling capabilities. Such vertical one piece casting is made possible by a novel two piece core which eliminates the need for welding of metal bands onto an outer surface of the liner to produce the water jacket thereof. A novel method of vertical casting is also provided which allows the cylinder head to be cast integral with the liner, allows for increased water capacity in the liner and integral head passages, and allows for a plurality of enlarged air intake channels to be provided.

Abstract: The unitary cylinder liner incorporating a water jacket is vertically cast as a one piece unit. The water jacket is draftless, allowing water to circulate therethrough more efficiently, increasing cooling capabilities. Such vertical one piece casting is made possible by the novel two piece core which eliminates the need for welding of metal bands onto an outer surface of the liner to produce the water jacker thereof. A novel method of vertical casting is also provided by use of the two piece core.

Abstract: This invention concerns a two-cycle internal combustion engine having a plurality of exhaust valves for each cylinder, and where during each exhaust valve control cycle, which includes a plurality of sequential combustion cycles of the engine, the exhaust valves open alternately.

Abstract: A two-stroke-cycle spark ignited internal combustion engine operates with an exhaust valve that is controlled independently of crankshaft position and optimally for high power and low pollutant output in combination with a scavenging pump and fuel injector. The volume of combustible mixture is established at the point in the cycle when the exhaust valve is selectably closed with the piston traveling upwardly and decreasing the volume of the cylinder. Throttling losses are eliminated since the piston forces the scavenging air out of the cyclinder through the wide-open exhaust valve rather than the air being drawn into the cylinder against the reduced pressure caused by a conventional partially closed throttle plate. The volume of combustible air in the cylinder is determined by the point in the cycle at which the exhaust valve is closed and a correspondingly appropriate charge of fuel is thereafter injected into the cylinder.

Abstract: Method for operating an engine having a piston reciprocable in a cylinder, an intake port for admitting air, an exhaust valve controlled by a valve actuator independently of crankshaft position, spark ignition, and fuel injection. During a first stroke the piston moves from BDC to TDC, the intake port is closed, the exhaust valve is closed, and fuel is injected. During a second stroke (TDC to BDC) the exhaust valve remains closed, lowering the pressure and causing some evaporation of the fuel-air mixture. During a third stroke (BDC to TDC), the fuel air mixture is again increased and finally ignited. During a fourth stroke (TDC to BDC) the ignited mixture expands, followed by opening the exhaust valve and the intake port. The second and third strokes enhance evaporation thus permit ignition of low vapor pressure fuel in a cold engine. Once the engine is hot, the valve actuators permit transition to a two-stroke-cycle.

Abstract: A two-stroke-cycle spark ignited internal combustion engine operates with an exhaust valve that is controlled independently of crankshaft position and optimally for high power and low pollutant output in combination with a scavenging pump and fuel injector. The volume of combustible mixture is established at the point in the cycle when the exhaust valve is selectably closed with the piston traveling upwardly and decreasing the volume of the cylinder. Throttling losses are eliminated since the piston forces the scavenging air out of the cylinder through the wide-open exhaust valve rather than the air being drawn into the cylinder against the reduced pressure caused by a conventional partially closed throttle plate. The volume of combustible air in the cylinder is determined by the point in the cycle at which the exhaust valve is closed and a correspondingly appropriate charge of fuel is thereafter injected into the cylinder.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine wherein the air inlet ports are opened and closed directly by the reciprocating movement of the piston, the crankshaft is laterally offset from the central plane common to the longitudinal axes of all of the cylinders. This results in a substantial increase in the power output of the engine.

Abstract: A cylinder block includes a cylinder with a piston therein and a main crankcase. A combustion space is disposed above the piston and a compression space is disposed below the piston. An exterior passage including a reservoir transfers compressed air from the compression space to the combustion space. A first valve permits one-way flow of ambient air into the compression space, and a second valve permits one-way flow from the compression space into the passage so that the compression process is independent of the combustion process. In one embodiment, the exterior passage includes a first passage for air and a second passage for fuel-air mixture for selective communication with the combustion chamber. In another embodiment, an inner crankcase is disposed within and spaced from the main crankcase and incorporates the first and second valves.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine (20) has a plurality of pistons (106) reciprocating within cylinders (34) and means to translate the reciprocating motion of said pistons into rotary motion. As the cylinders (34) rotate in an engine cavity (49) about a drive shaft (24), head ends (104) of the cylinders (34) cyclically pass stationary fuel injection means (28) and a stationary exhaust aperture (30) located rotationally downstream from the fuel injection means (28). Each cylinder (34) includes a cylinder wall having an air intake port (130) provided therein. The air intake port (130) is provided at a location at which rotation of the cylinder (34) in the cavity (49) tends to force or scoop air into the cylinder (34). In particular, the air intake port (130) is provided on a rotationally leading portion of a peripheral portion of the cylinder wall.

Abstract: In this ceramic engine, the cylinder liners are formed out of a ceramic material, and bearings consisting of a ceramic material are installed in the rotary sliding portions of a crankshaft and larger- and smaller-diameter parts of connecting rods, suction ports being formed in the cylinder liner lower portions so as to be spaced in the circumferential direction thereof, these suction ports and crank chambers communicating via first suction passages, fuel alcohol supply means being provided in second suction passages through which suction air is introduced into the crank chambers. Accordingly, lubricating films of ungasified components of the fuel alcohol are formed on the sliding surfaces of the pistons and cylinder liners and those of the above-mentioned rotary sliding portions, and these sliding surfaces and rotary sliding portions are kept in an excellently lubricated condition owing to such lubricating films.

Abstract: A power plant has an internal combustion engine with piston backside pumping and a stroke of sufficient length to reduce the pressure of the combustion gases at the end of the power stroke to substantially a common inlet and exhaust pressure, extracting maximum power from the combustion gas expansion and reducing both power loss from expansion into the exhaust manifold and exhaust noise. For a cylinder the exhaust valve is opened at a specific time relative to the engine cycle, but exhaust closing is variable to account for changes in operating conditions and power settings. In a preferred embodiment the engine is a two-cycle compression-firing engine, and an exhaust valve for a cylinder is opened by cam action but closed at a variable time by an actuator controlled by a computer.

Abstract: In a two-cycle heat-insulating engine of the present invention, each of combustion chambers defined by the lower surface of a cylinder head and a cylinder line has an adiabatic structure, each of exhaust valves is disposed in each exhaust port formed in the cylinder head, an intake valve for preventing the backflow of an exhaust gas is disposed in each intake port formed at the lower part of a cylinder, each of these valves is actuated for opening and closing by electromagnetic force of each electromagnetic valve driving device, and a controller controls the opening/closing timing of the intake and exhaust valves, the valve opening/closing time, etc, in response to detection signals from detection means for detecting the operational conditions of the engine.

Abstract: A 2-cycle uni-flow spark-ignition engine has an annular scavenging chamber which is communicated with a crank chamber and which is connected to scavenging ports which are opened in an end period of downward stroking of a piston. A fluid introduced into the crank chamber is pre-compressed by the downward stroking of the engine and is discharged into a cylinder chamber through the annular scavenging chamber and the scavenging ports to form a uni-flow of scavenging fluid with a swirl above the piston. The engine has an exhaust valve provided on a cylinder head and normally opened by being driven with a predetermined force exerted by driving coiled spring towards the inside of the cylinder chamber.

Abstract: A two-stroke internal combustion engine has an inlet port in the cylinder wall covered and exposed by the piston during reciprocation thereof in the cylinder and to which fresh air is supplied under pressure by a supercharger. An exhaust valve is mounted centrally in the cylinder head for controlled operation independently of the position of the piston. Fresh air forced into the cylinder by the supercharger when the inlet port is exposed by the piston during the exhaust stroke enables any residual unburned gases to burn completely and expels the gasses from the cylinder completely enabling operation of the engine at high compression with relatively low pollution.

Abstract: A two-stroke-cycle uniflow spark-ignition engine. A fluid sucked and pressurized by a compressor driven by the engine is delivered to an annular scavenging chamber formed in a cylinder around the entire circumference thereof, so as to be accumulated therein. The fluid within the annular scavenging chamber is discharged therefrom, through a plurality of scavenging ports formed in the cylinder and capable of opening into a cylinder chamber toward the end of a descending stroke of a piston, and/or into a recess which is above the piston, the discharged fluid serving as a scavenging fluid that flows generating a swirling uniflow. A mixture compressed within the cylinder chamber during an ascending stroke of the piston is ignited by an ignition plug for combustion.

Abstract: A two-stroke-cycle uniflow spark-ignition engine generates power by pressurizing fluid introduced into a crank chamber within the crank chamber with a piston as it moves toward its bottom dead center, feeding the pressurized fluid to an annular scavenging chamber provided on the entire periphery of a cylinder where it accumulates, and discharging the fluid in the annular scavenging chamber into a cylinder chamber provided above the piston from a plurality of scavenging ports which are opened at the end of the descending stroke of the piston as a scavenging fluid in the form of a swirling uniflow.

Abstract: Improved combustion chamber configurations for two-cycle engines with high pressure fuel injected systems having reciprocal pistons, cylinders with multiple injectors for each cylinder and a cylinder head liner with a chamber having a discoidal configuration that cooperates with a piston head structure to generate a toroidal, swirling, compressed air flow during compression strokes of the reciprocating piston.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine cylinder assembly comprising a first cylinder having substantially vertically disposed interior walls defining a firing chamber therein; first piston means housed within the firing chamber and adapted for vertical reciprocation within the firing chamber; gas inlet channels means in the lower portion of the firing chamber; a crankcase housing having a gas compression chamber disposed therein; valve means adapted to permit fresh air mixture to be charged into the gas compression chamber upon the depressuring of the chamber; fuel introduction means for introducing liquid fuel into the upper portion of the firing chamber; second cylinder means positioned at the upper end of the first cylinder and having an exhaust chamber therein and a second piston means disposed within the exhaust chamber and adapted for vertical reciprocation therein, the exhaust chamber communicating with the upper end of the firing chamber; the second cylinder means being provide

Abstract: A method and system, including a valve (32) for controlling the amount of fluid purged from a cylinder (12) of a two-cycle engine prior to the combustion of an air-fuel mixture within the cylinder especially during low demand periods of engine operation. The system including a throttle (26) disposed upstream of an inlet port (14) and controlled to be maintained in an open condition during such intervals. The valve (32), which is adapted to communicate with a scavenge port (30) includes a piston (80) that is movable relative to an aperture (76) in response to a pressure differential created in part by the operation of a cooperating electromagnetic valve (54), such that when the piston is moved to uncover the aperture a predeterminable amount of fluid within the cylinder can be purged therefrom as the cylinder piston is moved through its compression cycle.

Abstract: A two-stroke axial engine in which the inlet of fresh mixture is effected directly in a scavenging chamber through an aperture actuated by the primary shaft, the fresh mixture being thereafter exhausted under the control of the piston from the scavenging chamber through scavenging apertures into a combustion chamber, and between the scavenging chamber and the crankcase there being mounted a separator, and a fork mounted on an oscillator and slidable on a guiding rail pivotable on two bearings.

Abstract: Device for controlling the evacuation of exhaust gases of a combustion chamber in an internal combustion engine.A rotary valve performs a continuous or alternate turning movement and synchronized with the rotation of the motor about an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the motor and issues at the level of its transversal channel on one side on an orifice connected to the exhaust towards the outside.The invention is applied to the control of the exhaust of two stroke engines.

Abstract: A two stroke internal combustion engine with piston and cylinder has a crankshaft having peripheral gears and a cam both affixed to the same crankshaft throw. A trough is in the engine crankcase whereby the gears pass through lubrication.

Abstract: A two cycle, spark ignition internal combustion engine of the class having a combustion chamber divided into a relatively small ignition region and a larger combustion region including the cylinder and piston is defined. Substantially stoichiometric fuel-air mixtures are independently supplied to the ignition region in substantially fixed quantity and to the larger region in variable quantity and compressed simultaneously so that the mixtures remain completely separated prior to ignition. The mixtures are stratified with respect to excess air supplied to both regions and to exhaust gases in the engine cylinder, and combustion initiated in the ignition region ignites the variable-sized mixture in the larger region. Burning proceeds from stoichiometric mixtures to lean mixtures as the stratified excess air is mixed into the burning gases. When no fuel is supplied to the large region, the small region functions independently and burns its fuel efficiently.

Abstract: A cylinder for a reciprocating piston has a depending cup-like extension leading into the firing chamber, and this extension provides a mounting for a valve accomplishing both inlet of fuel and scavenging of exhaust gases. The valve has a longitudinal bore through which the fuel is admitted to the firing chamber. The top wall of the piston has a tubular baffle extending in a direction opposite from the skirt portion of the piston to protect the cylinder from solid particles.