Abstract: A device is configured to increase the portion of low-boiling fractions of a liquid, particularly mineral oil. A device includes a pressure wave generator for generating a pressure wave having a first frequency, in which the pressure wave generator is arranged to subject the liquid to the pressure waves in a region of application, at least one pipe which is arranged through which treated liquid flows after the region of application, and means for exciting the at least one pipe through which such treated liquid flows to oscillations of a second frequency, which is the resonance frequency of the excited system.

Abstract: The apparatus described herein uses a disc wafer-type rotor featuring channels disposed around its circumference and around the interior circumference of the rotor housing specifically to induce cavitation. The channels are shaped to control the size, oscillation, composition, duration, and implosion of the cavitation bubbles. The rotor is attached to a shaft which is driven by external power means. Fluid pumped into the device is subjected to the relative motion between the rotor and the device housing, and exits the device at increased temperature. The device is thermodynamically highly efficient, despite the structural and mechanical simplicity of the apparatus. Such devices accordingly provide efficient, simple, inexpensive, and reliable sources of distilled potable water for residential, commercial, and industrial use, as well as the separation and evaporation of other liquids.

Abstract: Viscosity and other properties are determined at desired temperatures in drilling mud and other fluids by using a versatile cavitation device which, operating in the cavitation mode, mixes and heats the fluid to a specified temperature, and, operating in the shear mode, acts as a spindle for application of Couette principles to determine viscosity as a function of shear stress and shear rate. The invention obviates the practice of adjusting rheology of a drilling fluid by passing it through the drill bit. Drilling fluid may be managed by a “straight-through” method to the well, or by placing the cavitation device in a loop which isolates an aliquot of known volume and circulating the fluid through the loop including the cavitation device.

Abstract: A respirator system having a vortex tube with an arcuate hot leg. A respirator helmet has an inlet hose. A vortex tube with an arcuate hot leg and an inlet port is coupled to the respirator helmet. A compressed air source is coupled to the inlet port to supply air to the vortex tube in the range of 110 liter/minute (l/min) to 425 l/min and in the range of 40 pounds per square inch (psi) and 80 psi. This portable arrangement provides effective temperature control within the respirator system.

Abstract: The fluid pump according to the present invention has water storage means that is formed so as to communicate with a shaft hole in a pump case and stores fluid leaking from a mechanical seal. An electromagnetic clutch establishes or blocks the transmission of power to a drive shaft by switching between supply and non-supply of electricity to an excitation coil. The water storage means has a weep chamber that communicates with the shaft hole between the mechanical seal and a bearing and is opened to an end portion in the axial direction. An attachment member for attaching a core of the electromagnetic clutch to the pump case seals the opening of the weep chamber.

Abstract: A fluid cavitation apparatus includes a housing, an external rotor with cavitation bores in an outer surface thereof, and a motor for rotating the external rotor. An inner surface of the housing is spaced from the outer surface of the external rotor to create a fluid cavitation zone. The inner surface of the housing is configured with a spiral shape and tunnel zone to enhance the thermal transfer characterisitics of the fluid for heating, cooling, and purification. A control system to facilitate proper motor speed, and fluid behavior to enhance the cavitation process.

Abstract: The apparatus described herein uses a disc wafer-type rotor featuring channels disposed around its circumference and around the interior circumference of the rotor housing specifically to induce cavitation. The channels are shaped to control the size, oscillation, composition, duration, and implosion of the cavitation bubbles. The rotor is attached to a shaft which is driven by external power means. Fluid pumped into the device is subjected to the relative motion between the rotor and the device housing, and exits the device at increased temperature. The device is thermodynamically highly efficient, despite the structural and mechanical simplicity of the apparatus. Such devices accordingly provide efficient, simple, inexpensive, and reliable sources of distilled potable water for residential, commercial, and industrial use, as well as the separation and evaporation of other liquids.

Abstract: A fluid circulating assembly includes a fan impeller having an inlet ring and a rear plate that define a central chamber. The fluid circulating assembly includes an electrical machine having a rotor assembly, a stator assembly, and a housing. The electrical machine is coupled to the rear plate of the impeller such that the electrical machine is positioned entirely outside the central chamber. The housing includes a plurality of fins on a side of the housing opposite the rear plate. The fins extend axially away from the stator assembly. The assembly includes a duct attached to the housing. The duct covers a portion of the fins and extends radially outward from the housing towards an outer edge of the rear plate. The duct is configured to channel air over the portion of the fins to facilitate cooling the electrical machine.

Abstract: A pressure pulse dampener for a compressor system is disclosed herein. The pulse dampener includes a housing having inlet passageway and an outlet passageway. A radially expanding annular passageway is formed downstream of the fluid inlet. A toroidal passageway is formed downstream of the annular passageway, the toroidal passageway being configured to direct fluid in a generally circumferential path around the central body. A connecting passageway is formed through the central body to provide fluid communication between the toroidal passageway and the fluid outlet.

Abstract: A heating system is connected to a source of supply fluid to be heated, and has an internal combustion engine provided with engine coolant and gases that flow to and from the engine, and are heated thereby. A heat generator is provided in fluid communication with a supply of heat transfer fluid for circulating the heat transfer fluid in the heat generator causing fluid friction to create heat directly in the heat transfer fluid, and provide heated transfer fluid that is not in fluid communication with the engine. A fluid heat exchanger arrangement is provided in fluid communication with the supply fluid, the engine coolant, the gases of the engine and the heated transfer fluid for transferring heat from the heated engine coolant, the heated engine gases, and the heated transfer fluid to heat the supply fluid.

Abstract: Polymerization unit for producing polymer powder having at least one polymerization reactor for the polymerization of light (co)monomer(s) having less than 7 carbon atoms, and heavy comonomer(s) having at least 7 carbon atoms, and a degassing section including two (and optionally a third) cylindrical degassing vessels in series. Light (co)monomer(s) are degassed in the first degassing vessel (V1) and recovered, and heavy comonomers are degassed in the second degassing vessel (V2) and recovered. The active polymer powder is optionally polished and/or optionally deactivated in the optional third degassing vessel (V3). The cross-sectional area (S2) of the second degassing vessel is greater than 1.5 times the cross-sectional area (S1) of the first degassing vessel [S2>1.5×S1], and vessels V1 and V2 are equipped with a vent recovery unit (VR) for respectively recovering the light (co-)monomer(s) (VR1) and the heavy comonomer(s) (VR2) from the gases exiting the vessels.

Abstract: A flameless heater produces hot dry air utilizing hydraulic heat-transfer fluid as a heat transfer medium. The heater is powered preferably by a natural gas engine. The process begins with the natural gas engine producing rotary power which drives a hydraulic pump which directs the heat-transferring fluid through a dynamic heat generator to heat the fluid via an internal friction process. The heated fluid is subsequently circulated through a heat exchanger where a hydraulically-powered fan blows ambient air through to be heated. The heat exchanger also extracts heat from the exhaust and coolant system portions of the engine to further heat the air. The produced dry hot air may be used for general heating. It is envisioned that engines which utilize other fuel sources such as diesel, gasoline, steam, or the like could be utilized with equal effectiveness.

Abstract: A three-dimensional printing process, a swirling device, and a thermal management process are disclosed. The three-dimensional printing process includes distributing a material to a selected region, selectively laser melting the material, and forming a swirling device from the material. The swirling device is printed by selective laser melting. The thermal management process includes providing an article having a swirling device printed by selective laser melting, and cooling a portion of the article by transporting air through the swirling device.

Abstract: Cylindrical interior and exterior drums, each drum has a cylindrical side wall with primary and secondary end caps. Fixed primary and secondary supports are provided. Each support has a primary shaft with an interior end fixedly supported by a primary end cap of an interior drum and an exterior end rotatably supported in a support plate. A drive disc is secured to the primary shaft for rotation therewith. The drive disc has an angled exterior surface. The primary end cap of the exterior drum has an angled interior surface. A plurality of cones are in contact with the interior and exterior surfaces whereby rotation of the drive disc and the primary shaft and the interior drum will translate into counter rotation of the exterior drum. A quantity of fluid is located between the drums for generating heat in response to the counter rotation of the drums.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of producing a graphene material from a starting graphitic material. In an embodiment, the method comprises: (a) dispersing the starting graphitic material in a liquid medium to form a graphite suspension; and (b) introducing the graphite suspension into a hydrodynamic cavitation reactor that generates and collapses cavitation or bubbles in the liquid medium to exfoliate and separate graphene planes from the starting graphitic material for producing the graphene material. The process is fast (minutes as opposed to hours or days of conventional processes), environmentally benign, and highly scalable. The reactor can concurrently perform the functions of graphene production, chemical functionalization, dispersion, and mixing with a polymer to make a composite.

Abstract: A method for operating an air-conditioning system for an aircraft including receiving an available power level from a control system of the aircraft, forwarding air from a first compressed air source to an aircraft cabin and forwarding air from a second compressed air source to the aircraft cabin if the available power level exceeds a threshold value.

Abstract: An integrated cooling and climate control system for an offshore wind turbine featuring a reservoir having first and second chambers located in an upper region of the tower. Upper and lower cooling circuits distribute coolant fluid through heat generating structures in the nacelle to a lower portion of the wind turbine where the heated coolant fluid is thermally connected to a sea water heat sink. The cooled coolant fluid is then distributed back to the reservoir. The reservoir has a hollow center and is positioned on a platform having a hollow center. The inlet and outlet pipes of the upper cooling circuit freely hang inside the reservoir chambers so that they may be displaced as the nacelle yaws in order to maintain sufficient circulation of the coolant fluid in the upper cooling circuit. In jacket foundation configurations, the tubular support structures may serve as the lower cooling circuit pipes.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to devices and systems to heat a liquid and/or generate steam from a liquid. In a specific embodiment, the present disclosure relates generally to devices and systems to heat a liquid and/or generate steam from a liquid using molecular friction and/or nucleation. The devices and systems of the present disclosure may be used in any application where a heated liquid or steam are required and operate at reduced energy costs and carbon footprints as compared to devices of the prior art.

Abstract: A device for generating a second temperature variation ?T2 from a first use temperature variation ?T1, includes an elastocaloric material layer, having an internal temperature which is able to vary by ?T2 in response to a given mechanical stress variation ?? applied to the elastocaloric material layer. The variation ?? being induced by the first use temperature variation ?T1 There is a suspended element in mechanical contact with the elastocaloric material layer so as to apply to this layer a mechanical stress that varies in response to the use temperature variation ?T1. The suspended element is arranged so as to make the mechanical stress applied to the elastocaloric material layer vary by ?? in response to the temperature variation ?T1 to generate the second temperature variation ?T2.

Abstract: A dual heating process is performed in the absence of an open flame. Heat is created by a rotating prime mover(s) driving a fluid shear heater. Heat is also collected from a cooling system of the prime mover, and from any exhaust heat generated by the prime mover. The heat energy collected from all of these sources is transmitted through heat exchangers to a fluid where heat energy is desired. The fluid being heated may be glycol or air, depending on the type of heat desired.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a supplemental heating system including a liquid heat generator having a hydrodynamic chamber for selectively heating a fluid. The hydrodynamic chamber having an inlet port for delivering the fluid to the hydrodynamic chamber, and a discharge port for removing heated fluid from the hydrodynamic chamber. The inlet port is fluidly connected to a first check valve and the discharge port is fluidly connected to a second check valve. The first check valve adapted to receive an input from the second check valve. The first check valve operable to close the fluid path between the first check valve and the inlet port in response to an input received from the second check valve.

Abstract: A fluid heating system for a work vehicle includes a pressurized fluid circuit having a pump for providing pressurized fluid to the fluid circuit. A control module for controlling a first control device is in fluid communication with the fluid circuit, the first control device operable between a first position and a second position. The first position of the first control device permits a load sense pressure to be applied through the first control device, thereby preventing pressurized fluid from the pump flowing to a pressure return tank for heating the pressurized fluid. The second position of the first control device prevents the load sense pressure from being applied through the first control device, thereby permitting pressurized fluid from the pump flowing to a pressure return tank and resulting in heating of pressurized fluid of the fluid circuit.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an exemplary supplemental heating system including a hydrodynamic heater and a heat exchanger. The hydrodynamic heater includes a hydrodynamic chamber disposed within an interior cavity of the hydrodynamic heater. The hydrodynamic chamber is operable for selectively heating a fluid present within the hydrodynamic chamber when the heating apparatus is connected to a fluid supply source. The hydrodynamic heater includes an inlet port fluidly connected to a discharge port of the heat exchanger, and a discharge port fluidly connected to an inlet port of the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger includes a heat exchanger core disposed within an interior cavity of the heat exchanger. A wall at least partially defines the interior cavity of the hydrodynamic heater and the interior cavity of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A system for supplying supplemental heat to a vehicle, particularly a vehicle with a diesel engine, A driven viscous plate with different viscous clutch faces on either side is provided between the engine and the coolant pump. One side clutches to the engine structure (ground) to generate heat, and the other side clutches to the coolant pump to vary the pump drive. The two sides are controlled by a valve operated by signals from the engine computer. The valve varies the supply of viscous fluid from a common reservoir independently to both sides of the driven viscous plate. The signal from the engine control unit is based on the instantaneous desired supplemental heat and coolant flow. In another embodiment, two separate viscous clutches are utilized and positioned on opposite sides of the coolant pump.

Abstract: The apparatus described herein uses a disc wafer-type rotor featuring channels disposed around its circumference and around the interior circumference of the rotor housing specifically to induce cavitation. The channels are shaped to control the size, oscillation, composition, duration, and implosion of the cavitation bubbles. The rotor is attached to a shaft which is driven by external power means. Fluid pumped into the device is subjected to the relative motion between the rotor and the device housing, and exits the device at increased temperature. The device is thermodynamically highly efficient, despite the structural and mechanical simplicity of the apparatus. Such devices accordingly provide efficient, simple, inexpensive, and reliable sources of distilled potable water for residential, commercial, and industrial use, as well as the separation and evaporation of other liquids.

Abstract: A preferred embodiment supplemental heating system is fluidly connectable to a vehicle cooling system and includes a liquid heat generator operable for heating a cooling fluid delivered to the supplemental heating system from the vehicle's cooling system. The liquid heat generator includes a discharge passage connectable to a heater core of the vehicle and a inlet passage connectable to the vehicle's cooling system. The supplemental heating system further includes a control valve having an inlet connectable to an exit passage of a heater core of the vehicle, a discharge passage fluidly connected to the liquid heat generator, and a second discharge passage connectable to the vehicle's cooling system. The control valve is operable for controlling the proportion of cooling fluid exiting the heater core that is returned to the vehicle's cooling system and recirculated back to the liquid heat generator.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for heating liquid for use in a radiant heating system. More specifically it relates to transferring heat generated from friction caused by pressing brake pads against rotating wheels to a thermally conductive liquid being pumped through said rotating wheels and circulating the heated liquid through a radiator type space heating system.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an exemplary liquid heat generator including a housing and a rotor disposed within the housing. A flexible pressure relief diaphragm is attached to the rotor. The pressure relief diaphragm includes a seal ring that engages a seal seat attached to the housing.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an exemplary supplemental heating system including a liquid heat generator having a hydrodynamic chamber for selectively heating a fluid. The supplemental heating system further includes a manifold having an inlet passage fluidly connectable to a discharge passage of a heat exchanger, a first discharge passage fluidly connectable to an engine cooling system, and a second discharge passage fluidly connected to an inlet passage of the hydrodynamic chamber. A control valve comprising a spool slideably disposed within the manifold controls distribution of the fluid between the manifold inlet passage and the first manifold discharge passage, and the manifold inlet passage and the manifold second discharge passage.

Abstract: A heater for footwear includes a seat having a space centrally defined therein. A spring is compressively received in the space in the seat. A friction mechanism is received in the seat. A cap is sleeved on the seat. The cap has a driving unit longitudinally extending therefrom. The driving unit extends through the friction mechanism for movably abutting against the spring in the space in the seat. When the cap is pressed/released, the driving is unit moved relative to the seat for engaging the friction mechanism to warm up the footwear.

Abstract: The portable out door heater burns fuel such as propane from a pressurized gas fuel tank. The fuel enters an entrainment tube through a nozzle orifice that is coaxial with the cylindrical entrainment tube axis. Air enters the entrainment through air entry apertures and is entrained with the high velocity fuel stream. The air and fuel mixture passes from the entrainment tube into a coaxial cylindrical burner supply tube. The supply tube has a smaller diameter to accelerate movement of the air and fuel mixture. A cylindrical combustion chamber receives the air fuel mixture moving tangentially to the combustion chamber inside wall. A ring inside the chamber retards movement of the fuel charge. The fuel oxidizes at a temperature that reduces odors and converts carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. The products of combustion pass through a silencer and into an area to be heated. A choke and igniter initiate combustion.

Abstract: A heating apparatus and a system that utilize friction to generate thermal energy. The heating apparatus comprises a housing unit, a plurality of heating chambers for generating heat, an actuating unit, a shaft; and at least one blade unit. Each heating chamber comprises a stationary disc member, a rotating disc member, and a medium disposed between the stationary disc member and the rotating disc member. The actuating unit drives the rotating disc member in the heating chamber to generate thermal energy by friction among the stationary disc member, the rotating disc member, and the medium. Thermal energy generation is controlled by rotating speed, diameter of the disc member, and contact pressure between the rotating disc member and the stationary disc member. Tube members can also be used in the heating chambers.

Abstract: A device for heating fluids by employing a rotor-housing mechanism. The device comprises a rotor assembly comprising a cylindrical rotor attached to a shaft with an annular space defined therebetween, a multiplicity of oblique bores disposed on the surface the rotor, a closely conforming cylindrical housing enclosing the rotor air tightly. The housing is defined by a cylindrical wall with first and second end-sealing plates sealing the opposite ends of the wall. The device further comprises an inlet and an outlet for the ingress and egress of a fluid from in and out of the housing respectively. A motive means, such as an electric motor, is connected to the shaft. A fluid received within the housing is primarily subjected to fluid hammer effect and for increasing the temperature thereof substantially.

Abstract: A turbine (2) driven electric power production system (1),—said turbine (2) arranged for being driven by a fluid (3) having a fluid speed (v) varying in time,—said turbine (2) connected to a hydrostatic displacement pump (6) further connected to a hydrostatic displacement motor (8) as part of a closed loop hydrostatic transmission system (7),—said motor (8) arranged for driving an electrical generator (9) supplying AC power (10) at a frequency (fg) near a given desired frequency (fdes), characterized by a closed loop system arranged for controlling a volumetric displacement (13) of the hydrostatic motor (8), comprising—a fluid speed meter (11m) arranged for producing a speed signal (11s) representing a speed (v) of said fluid (3), and—a rotational speed meter (12m) arranged for providing a rotational speed signal (12s) representing a rotational speed measurement (?) of said turbine (2), —a motor displacement control system (15) for continuously receiving said speed signal (11s) and said rotational speed signa

Abstract: A fluid-charged heating device comprising a cylindrical housing in fluid communication with a housing extension; a cylindrical rotor disposed centrally and mounted for rotation in said cylindrical housing in spaced relation to provide an annular passage for heat transfer fluid to recirculate between the cylindrical housing and the housing extension. The rotor has a surface with a continuous helical groove along the longitudinal axis of the rotor and rotation of the helically grooved rotor causes fluid shearing, heat-generating cavitation, and recirculation of the heat transfer fluid between the housing and the housing extension.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for heating liquid for use in a radiant heating system. More specifically it relates to transferring heat generated from friction caused by pressing brake pads against rotating wheels to a thermally conductive liquid being pumped through said rotating wheels and circulating the heated liquid through a radiator type space heating system.

Abstract: The cavitation heating system of the preferred embodiment includes a reservoir to contain an operating fluid, and a cavitator subsystem with an inlet to receive the operating fluid from the reservoir, a cavitator to cavitate the operating fluid, and an outlet to transfer the cavitated operating fluid to the reservoir. The cavitation of the operating fluid generates heat. The cavitation heating system may use various techniques either singly or in combination to increase the heat generated from the cavitation of the operating fluid, including: the use of oil as an operating fluid, the addition of dissolved noble gases in the operating fluid, the use of a pump to create jets that cavitate the operating fluid in a vessel and heat the operating fluid, and the use and control of pressure on the cavitation of the operating fluid.

Abstract: The centrifugal rotary device for heating and/or vaporizing liquids comprises a casing (1) within which is positioned a truncated conical chamber (12) having an inlet orifice (18) through which a liquid, such as water, to be heated is introduced, and an outlet orifice (19) through which a heated liquid and/or vapor emerges. It comprises a pair of hollow truncated conical rotors (2, 3) positioned coaxially one inside the other, both being inside the truncated conical chamber (12), the inner rotor (3) of this pair being fixed to the end of a first drive shaft (30) passing through an aperture (17) formed in the major base (15) of the truncated conical chamber (12), while an outer rotor (2) of the pair if fixed to the end of a drive shaft (20) passing through an aperture (16) formed in the minor base (14) of the truncated conical chamber (12).

Abstract: A flameless boiler comprising generator means for generating heat in fluid circulated therethrough by shearing of the fluid; a prime mover drivingly connected to the generator means for shearing of the fluid; a supply reservoir for the fluid; a first pump for circulating the fluid from the supply reservoir to the generator means; and a pressure vessel in fluid communication with the generator means for receiving heated fluid therefrom, the pressure vessel having an outlet for drawing steam therefrom.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for heating, concentrating and/or evaporating a fluid by heating the fluid in a heating subsystem comprising a rotary heating device, such as a water brake dynamometer, and then evaporating all or a portion of the fluid in an evaporation subsystem and/or concentrating the fluid in a concentration subsystem.

Abstract: A heating apparatus and a system that utilize friction to generate thermal energy. The heating apparatus comprises a housing unit, a plurality of heating chambers for generating heat, an actuating unit, a shaft; and at least one blade unit. Each heating chamber comprises a stationary disc member, a rotating disc member, and a medium disposed between the stationary disc member and the rotating disc member. The actuating unit drives the rotating disc member in the heating chamber to generate thermal energy by friction among the stationary disc member, the rotating disc member, and the medium. Thermal energy generation is controlled by rotating speed, diameter of the disc member, and contact pressure between the rotating disc member and the stationary disc member. Tube members can also be used in the heating chambers.

Abstract: Aqueous fluids are heated or boiled in a tank or vessel by causing cavitation in the fluid within the tank or vessel. A rotor having cavities on its cylindrical surface is rotated within a closely dimensioned housing submerged in the fluid, deliberately causing cavitation which heats the aqueous fluid without the use of flame or heat exchange surface. An electric motor which powers the rotor may itself be submerged in the tank or boiler vessel. The rotor includes radial channels for imparting centrifugal impetus to the fluid as it flows toward the cavitation zone.

Abstract: Production of diesel oil from hydrocarbon-containing residues in an oil circuit with solids separation and product distillation for the diesel product with energy input by means of pumps and counterrotating agitators and by the use of fully crystallized catalysts of potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium-aluminum silicates, where all surfaces are cleaned continuously by the agitator mechanisms.

Abstract: There is provided a friction body which is adapted to rub a thermochromic image or handwriting formed on a paper surface by use of thermochromic ink to thermally discolor the thermochromic image or handwriting by frictional heat resultant from rubbing, a thermal conductivity of a friction portion of the friction body is set to be within 0.05 W/(m·K) to 50 W/(m·K).

Abstract: An apparatus for heating a liquid comprising a housing having an internal chamber and a rotor disposed in said chamber. A drive shaft rotatably supported in the housing and extending into said chamber for imparting mechanical energy to the rotor. The rotor being provided with a series of openings generally arranged to be parallel to the rotational axis of the drive shaft. The rotor in the form of a disc and the housing formed with radial surfaces on either side of said rotor disc. The rotor may comprise a single disc or alternatively, a series of dics in a liminated formation. A fluid intake passage in said housing preferably arranged adjacent the center of the disc and a fluid exit passage, generally arranged to be circumeferntially outwards of said disc.

Abstract: The apparatus has a housing with a main chamber in which a rotor is situated. A drive shaft drives the rotor about a longitudinal axis of rotation. The housing has a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, the fluid inlet communicating with an inlet region and a fluid outlet communicating with an exit region. The outer surface of the rotor forms one boundary for the fluid heat generating region and is confronted by the inner surface of the main chamber which is the other boundary. At least one of these surfaces is angularly inclined relative to the axis of rotation of the drive shaft and rotor. By bodily shifting the rotor in a direction along the longitudinal axis, an increase or decrease in the distance between the outer and inner surfaces is possible in order to adjust for wear or to change the degree of shear experienced by the passing fluid.

Abstract: A method and steam generator includes a steam generator container having a heated wall surface, an inlet for a liquid and an outlet for removing the vaporized liquid or steam, a rotor, which is mounted for rotation in the container and causes a rotational flow of the liquid outwardly against the heated wall to cause vaporization. During rotation of the rotor, outer edges of the blades of the rotor contact the wall surface to either abrade or wipe deposits, such as lime, from the wall surface.

Abstract: An inline heating device for fluid has rotary members frictionally engaging a fixed heat exchanger chamber defining a central fluid transfer conduit. The rotary members are rotated by a drive shaft having a multiple vein turbine assembly adjacent the heat exchanger chamber fluid transfer conduit being driven by the fluid flow therethrough. The rotary members have enhanced friction engagement surface portions which are spring urged against a portion of the heat exchanger chamber generating heat therein for thermal transfer to the fluid flow therewithin.

Abstract: A fluid heating apparatus has a housing with a main chamber in which a rotor is situated. A drive shaft drives the rotor about a longitudinal axis of rotation. The housing has a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, the fluid outlet communicating with an inlet region and the fluid outlet communicating with an exit region. The outer surface of the rotor forms one boundary for the fluid heat generating region and is confronted by the inner surface of the main chamber which is the other boundary. The fluid inlet is positioned closer to the longitudinal axis of the machine as compared to the fluid exit. The rotor is provided with at least one array of cavitation-inducing holes. Preferably, several rows of holes are configured on the rotor surface, some of which may have a depth dimension extending the radial width of the rotor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heating device, in particular for motor vehicles, for generating frictional heat by liquid friction with a housing which is arranged in a stationary position and has a working space and a motor-driven rotor in the working space.