Abstract: An aerosol delivery system has an aerosol generator with a vibrating aperture plate (10) and an actuator (11, 16, 17, 19), a controller (18, 19). The controller in real time monitors (201) the aerosol generator as it is driven for vibration of the aperture plate, and detects (202) a change in an electrical characteristic in response to a transition from a wet state to a dry state of the aperture plate. It automatically modifies (203, 205, 206), during the transition, operation of the aerosol generator in response to the detected change. The modification includes reducing applied power (203). The controller continues (204) to monitor during the transition, including monitoring the aperture plate for presence of residual liquid on the aperture plate first surface.

Abstract: A light beam emission system includes: a blower that forms a flow path in which aerosol flows; and an emitter that emits a light beam. At least part of the light beam propagates along the flow path of the aerosol.

Abstract: An ultrasonic vibrator driving apparatus performs driving by applying an alternating voltage as a drive voltage to an ultrasonic vibrator that includes a piezoelectric element and has a unique resonance frequency. The drive voltage is generated with a variable frequency in a frequency range including the resonance frequency of the ultrasonic vibrator. The frequency of the drive voltage is repeatedly swept with a predetermined sweep width and a predetermined sweep period so as to include the resonance frequency, based on a reference frequency set according to the resonance frequency of the ultrasonic vibrator. The sweep period and the sweep width are restricted by being associated so as to fall within a predetermined allowed range on a two-dimensional map divided by the sweep period and the sweep width.

Abstract: A system for inducing a Pavlovian conditioned association of an aroma with a state of satiation, the system comprising at least a physiological sensor, wherein the at least a physiological sensor is configured to detect at least a physiological parameter of a user, and to transmit a detection signal, a control device configured to receive the detection signal from the at least a physiological sensor, wherein the control device is further configured to ascertain that the user is experiencing a physiological state associated with satiation, and to transmit the detection signal to an automatically activated scent diffuser, thereby conditioning the user to associate said scent with satiation, and an automatically activated scent diffuser, wherein the scent diffuser is configured to automatically activate upon receiving the detection signal, wherein automatically activating further comprises diffusing a scent in response to the detection signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a control device for controlling an operation of an aerosol nebulizer system (30), said aerosol nebulizer system (30) comprising an aerosol generator (31) for nebulizing a liquid and a plurality of sensor units (38a, 38b, 38c, 38d, 38e), said control device (20) comprising: a communication unit (21), configured to establish a wireless communication connection and to perform data transmission with the aerosol nebulizer system (30), a sensor data control unit (22), configured to trigger a selection of sensor data related to the sensor units (38a, 38b, 38c, 38d, 38e) to be wirelessly transmitted to the control device (20).

Abstract: The present invention provides a system (10) for humidification of a pressurized flow of breathable gas delivered to a patient, the system comprising; a ventilator (12) for generating a pressurized flow of breathable gas; a patient circuit (14) in fluid communication with the ventilator and connectable to the respiratory system of a patient; and an aerosol generator (18). The patient circuit defines an internal space (26) for transporting the flow of breathable gas which internal space accommodates the outflow opening (20) of the aerosol generator. This enables to prevent so-called rainout and a relatively light weight portable system. The invention also relates to an insert (30) that is connectable to the patient circuit and that accommodates the aerosol generator.

Abstract: Disclosed are an ultrasonic atomization control system and an electronic cigarette. The system includes: a current feedback circuit and/or a voltage feedback circuit, a microcontroller unit, a push-pull circuit, and an oscillator driving circuit; wherein the push-pull circuit is coupled between the microcontroller unit and the oscillator driving circuit, the current feedback circuit and/or the voltage feedback circuit are/is coupled between the oscillator driving circuit and the microcontroller unit; and the oscillator driving circuit is configured to be connected with a load; wherein the microcontroller unit is configured to output a pulse width modulation signal with a predetermined frequency and voltage to the push-pull circuit, judge a current and/or a voltage fluctuation fed back by the current feedback circuit and/or the voltage feedback circuit are/is greater than a threshold, and stop operation of the load if the fluctuation is greater than the threshold.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for generating an aerosol by nebulization of a composition comprising polyclonal immunoglobulin (Ig). The selection of an efficient membrane nebulizer and a composition optimized for nebulization with such membrane nebulizer results in a particularly efficient method of generating an aerosol for administration of Ig to the respiratory tract.

Abstract: Provided is a battery unit including: a power supply; a detector configured to detect an output voltage of the power supply; a connecting configured to be connectable with a load for atomizing an aerosol source or heating a flavor source; and a controller capable of executing a power supply mode in which electric power is supplied to the load from the power supply. The controller executes a specific control different from the supply of electric power to the load based on am amount of change in the output voltage per a predetermined time period in the power supply mode.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a dispensing system, device, and method for the dispensing of a fluid supplement such as in the form of a concentrated fluid containing flavoring, nutrients, medication, and/or other supplements. Certain embodiments of the invention as disclosed herein comprise a handheld apparatus which allows the dispensing of predetermined amount of a fluid with single-handed use. Certain embodiments include self-contained pods which is controlled by a removable dispenser to allow for multiple types of fluids, and preventing cross-contamination within the dispenser.

Abstract: A method of detecting a hand-to-mouth (HMG) gesture with an e-vaping device includes detecting movements of the e-vaping device; generating quaternions based on the detected movements; generating movement features based on the generated quaternions; applying the generated movement features to a classifier; and determining whether the detected movements correspond to an HMG based on an output of the classifier.

Abstract: A device is disclosed for the preparation of nebulised droplets, for inhalation. The device has: a surface acoustic wave (SAW) transmission surface; a SAW transducer adapted to generate and propagate SAWs along the SAW transmission surface; and an array of cavities opening at the SAW transmission surface for containing a liquid. In operation, SAWs propagating along the SAW transmission surface interact with the liquid in the cavities to produce nebulised droplets of the liquid. Operation of the device results in a nebulised plume of droplets of average diameter in the range 1-5 ?m.

Abstract: The invention relates to a delivery device for nasal medication. It addresses need for delivering medication to the nose of a patient. In a preferred embodiment the device has: •A transducer 10 adapted to create an ultrasonic focal zone; •a feeder chamber 13 holding medication; •an energising chamber 14 smaller than the feeder chamber; •a mesh 15; and •an exit 17. The device is formed so that when it is activated the feeder chamber 13 continuously fills the energising chamber 14 with medication (until the feeder chamber has insufficient medication left to achieve this) so that there is a substantially constant supply of medication within the focal zone able to be energised and forced from the energising chamber so as to contact the mesh, become an aerosol, and leave the device by way of the exit.

Abstract: An ultrasonic nebulizer is provided that has a liquid chamber to receive a liquid. A piezoceramic transducer is attached to one end of the liquid chamber. The piezoceramic has an orifice to allow the liquid inside the chamber to exit. A plunger movably and sealbly is inserted into the liquid chamber from its other end, which is moved by a moving mechanism to push the liquid out of the liquid chamber. The plunger forms a small liquid droplet on the surface of the piezoceramic. Oscillation of the piezoceramic at megahertz frequencies results in atomization and formation of small droplets from the surface of the sessile droplet. The present nebulizer is a total consumption nebulizer, since all its droplets are substantially within 2 to 5 microns, which is the size range to penetrate into the lunges of a user.

Abstract: A mount configured for use within a respiratory system that provides a structure that facilitates coupling of a nebuliser downstream of a humidifier chamber and upstream of a conduit that delivers conditioned breathing gases to a patient or user. The mount can couple together a chamber, a nebulizer and a conduit.

Abstract: A non-heating, non-combustion type flavor inhaler including a supply flow path unit including a first flow path leading aerosol toward a user side and a suction port, a liquid holding unit accommodating an aerosol base, a second flow path having one end communicating with the liquid holding unit and the other end which is located in the supply flow path unit and is opened toward the suction port side, and having a conductive portion, a liquid feeding system feeding the aerosol base, a power supply and a control unit applying a voltage to the conductive portion, to atomize the aerosol base and to eject the aerosol from an opening of the other end, and a static elimination unit neutralizing charge of the aerosol ejected from the opening.

Abstract: A composition comprising, as an active principle, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of elafibranor, characterised in that the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of elafibranor is chosen from at least a salt of choline, of ethanolamine, or of diethanolamine, or of L-lysine, or of piperazine, or of calcium, or of tromethamine. More particularly, one or more embodiments relate to the use of elafibranor salts with a view to improving stability and solubility compared with elafibranor in the basic form thereof. These salts make it possible to establish pharmaceutical formulations in various advantageous forms as intravenous injections or formulations by enteral route having quicker and less variable absorption and consequently better bioavailability.

Abstract: A nebuliser device with a vibrating mesh, for administering medicaments is provided. The nebuliser device includes a casing, a nozzle, a nebuliser and a chamber that houses a medicament. The chamber housing a medicament is a disposable capsule forming an independent body that can be extracted from the casing of the device. The disposable capsule attaches to the nebuliser and to the casing. An attachment between the nebuliser and the casing allows the disposable capsule to be coupled to the nebuliser device or to be uncoupled therefrom.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are formulations of pirfenidone or pyridone analog compounds for aerosolization and use of such formulations for aerosol administration of pirfenidone or pyridone analog compounds for the prevention or treatment of various fibrotic and inflammatory diseases, including disease associated with the lung, heart, kidney, liver, eye and central nervous system. In some embodiments, pirfenidone or pyridone analog compound formulations and delivery options described herein allow for efficacious local delivery of pirfenidone or pyridone analog compound. Compositions include all formulations, kits, and device combinations described herein. Methods include inhalation procedures, indications and manufacturing processes for production and use of the compositions described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of pure pirfenidone having a particular particle size distribution, a crystalline form of pirfenidone, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, as well as methods for particle size reduction of pirfenidone, and methods for particle size reduction of pirfenidone by wet milling techniques using colloid mill, ultrasonicator, or high speed homogenizer devices.

Abstract: An apparatus (200) for smoothing a surface of an object (100). The apparatus includes a chamber (210), a reservoir (324) configured to hold a liquid (322), and a nebulizer assembly (212) configured to generate a mist (104) from the liquid into the chamber. The nebulizer assembly includes a mesh (732), a vibrating element (731), and a wick (736). The object is received in the chamber and the mist is configured to surround the object.

Abstract: This invention relates to nebulizers, which are machines that change a liquid form to a mist consisting of micron sized droplets. More specifically the invention relates to liquid medicament nebulizers, for example for delivering a mist of medicament to eyes, nasal passages, and lungs. A housing has a form which rolls to house first and second reservoirs, an expansion chamber, and a vibration element. The housing has a center of mass which urges the nebulizer to roll toward a storage position where the liquid drains from the first reservoir through the drain passage to the second reservoir.

Abstract: An aerosol medication delivery system includes a holding chamber having an output end with a plurality of tabs extending from an exterior. A patient interface includes a housing having an annular attachment collar configured with a plurality of openings receiving the plurality of tabs. The housing has a plurality of engagement members formed on an interior of the housing and an interior wall defining a sealing surface. A retaining ring is engaged by the engagement members and is coupled to an interior of the housing. A one-way inhalation valve includes a non-moveable annular valve seat engaged by the retaining ring and the sealing surface of the interior wall. A one-way exhalation valve is formed separately from the one-way inhalation valve, and is coupled to the patient interface.

Abstract: An adjustable aerosol delivery device includes an active liquid container, a carrier liquid container, a piezo disc mounted with a flexible gasket relative to the carrier liquid container, an oscillator configured to generate an ultrasonic wave that causes the piezo disc to oscillate and transmit the oscillations through the carrier liquid to the active liquid to cause at least a portion of the active liquid to become an aerosol, a bushing fixed relative to the carrier liquid container via a fixing portion that conforms to and mates with an entire perimeter of a fixing section of the bushing, and a fastener extending through the piezo disc housing and into the bushing. The fastener is configured to be loosened or tightened to manipulate a compression of the gasket to adjust a particle size of the aerosol. A pull force of the bushing is greater than a counter force of the gasket.

Abstract: Described is an apparatus for monitoring nitric oxide delivery, wherein such apparatus comprises an indicator to inform a user of the apparatus when the flow of breathing gas rises above or falls below a predetermined level or range. Also described is a method of monitoring nitric oxide delivery, wherein the flow of breathing gas is measured and displayed. In some embodiments, an alert is provided when the flow of breathing gas rises above or falls below a predetermined level or range.

Abstract: An ultrasonic nebulizer includes a working tank configured to be detachable with respect to a main body. The working tank includes a rod-shaped tank-side contact electrode that extends in a vertical direction along an outer wall of the working tank. A specific portion that corresponds to a portion in a circumferential direction of the outer circumferential surface of the tank-side contact electrode is exposed from the outer wall, and the remaining portion of the outer circumferential surface of the tank-side contact electrode is embedded inside of the outer wall and is connected to an electrode of an ultrasonic vibrator. A main body-side contact electrode comes into contact with the specific portion of the outer circumferential surface of the tank-side contact electrode when the working tank is mounted on the main body.

Abstract: An aerosol delivery device includes an aerosol generator for generating an aerosol in the aerosol delivery device with a membrane and a vibrator which is configured to vibrate a fluid and to aerosolise the fluid by the membrane. The aerosol delivery device further includes a fluid reservoir for receiving the fluid to be aerosolised, the fluid reservoir being arranged in fluid communication with the membrane, a controller which is configured to sequentially operate the vibrator at a plurality of different vibration frequencies, a sensor which is configured to detect at least one electrical parameter of the vibrator for each of the plurality of different vibration frequencies, and a detector which is configured to detect the presence of fluid in contact with the membrane and/or in the fluid reservoir on the basis of the dependence of the detected values of the at least one electrical parameter on the vibration frequency.

Abstract: In one example of the disclosure, a system includes a chamber having an inlet to receive a print agent, an actuator operatively connected to the chamber, and a set of nozzles fluidly coupled to the chamber. The nozzles are orientated such that each nozzle of the set has a same boundary condition.

Abstract: An atomizer for an electronic cigarette includes an atomizing assembly, an adjusting assembly, a bottom cover, and a collecting device. The collecting device and the atomizing assembly are arranged on the bottom cover. The adjusting assembly includes a substrate with an injecting hole and an adjusting member. Size of the injecting hole is adjustable by rotating the adjusting member. The present application also provides another embodiment, which includes an atomizing assembly with an atomizer head and an air inlet pipe, and an adjusting assembly with an air inlet in fluid communication with the outside. One end of the air inlet pipe is communicated with the bottom of the atomizer head, and the other end of the air inlet pipe is in fluid communication with the air inlet. The atomizers have an anti-leakage function. The present application also provides an aerosol generating device with the atomizer.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatus are provided for containing and measuring a fluid in a reservoir. A sensing reservoir comprises a reservoir comprising an opening and a wall, the opening configured to allow passage of the fluid in and out of the reservoir, and the wall defining a chamber configured to contain the fluid. The sensing reservoir further comprises a fluid sensing unit coupled to the sensing reservoir, the fluid sensing unit configured to generate measurement data indicative of a volume of the fluid contained in the reservoir.

Abstract: A non-combustion type flavor inhaler comprises: a reservoir storing an aerosol source; a transfer unit transferring the aerosol source from upstream of the liquid surface forming location to a liquid surface forming location at which a liquid surface of the aerosol source is formed, the transfer unit being configured to form the liquid surface; a suction port arranged downstream of the liquid surface forming location; a first atomizer atomizing the aerosol source located upstream of the liquid surface forming location; and a second atomizer atomizing a droplet generated from the liquid surface formed at the liquid surface forming location, the droplet being located downstream of the liquid surface forming location.

Abstract: A dispenser for supplying a metered volume of a liquid medicament to an aerosolizing device. The dispenser may include a container having a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the container is configured to store a volume of liquid medicament. The dispenser may also include a dispensing mechanism coupled to the distal end of the container. The dispensing mechanism may have a distal end terminating in a tip through which the liquid medicament is dispensed. The dispensing mechanism operates to dispense a metered volume of the liquid medicament from the tip each time the dispensing mechanism is operated. The distal end of the dispensing mechanism includes an interface that interacts with a housing of an inhaler to limit an insertion depth of the tip into an opening the housing.

Abstract: A press puffing device includes a piston support, a nozzle holder, and a sealing fixer. In the press puffing device, a power supply start button is pressed to produce an aroma gas, and the aroma gas is contained in the cylindrical inner cavity. By pressing the piston support, the contained smoke is compressed and flows to the air outlet through the lateral gas channel to spurt out.

Abstract: A medication delivery apparatus and system for the application of a medical agent to a treatment site, such as an airway, and method for use of same are disclosed. In one embodiment of the medication delivery apparatus and system, a reservoir supplies a medical agent to a lower chamber of a housing wherein an ultrasonic transducer applies ultrasonic energy thereto, thereby nebulizing the medical agent. A control valve is interposed between a source of positive pressure air and an upper chamber of the housing to selectively apply positive air pressure to the upper chamber. Upon the application of positive air pressure, the airflow delivers the nebulized medical agent to a target location, such as the airway.

Abstract: A medication delivery apparatus and system for the application of a local anesthetic to a treatment site, such as an airway, and method for use of same are disclosed. In one embodiment of the medication delivery apparatus and system, a reservoir supplies a local anesthetic to a lower chamber of a housing wherein an ultrasonic transducer applies ultrasonic energy thereto, thereby nebulizing the local anesthetic. A control valve is interposed between a source of positive pressure air and an upper chamber of the housing to selectively apply positive air pressure to the upper chamber. Upon the application of positive air pressure, the airflow delivers the nebulized anesthetic to a patient's airway by way of a laryngoscope side port coupling, laryngoscope vacuum port coupling, or catheter coupling, for example. The application of local anesthetic, itself, in this nebulized manner mitigates gaging, chocking, aspirating, bucking and laryngospasms.

Abstract: A ventilator with integrated breathing air humidifier has at least two defined air pathways provided in the breathing air humidifier. The breathing air humidifier is installed and fixed on a horizontal surface of the ventilator. The breathing air humidifier comprises at least a top part and a bottom part, a water reservoir being provided in the bottom part, wherein the top part cannot be removed from the bottom part when the unit is in at least one operating mode. The ventilator may have an air humidifier with at least one water reservoir, and at least one filling device for the water reservoir in the breathing air humidifier, wherein the filing device can be operated with one hand and/or opened with one hand.

Abstract: The present invention is a humidification apparatus including a water reservoir for accommodating water; a housing and a coupler, wherein the housing includes sensors for detecting humidity and temperature in surrounding environment, a transducer for generating high frequency oscillation to atomize water in contact therewith, and a control circuitry for activating the transducer to generate high frequency oscillation; and the coupler has two ends removably coupled to the water reservoir and the housing, respectively, and includes a vertical passage, at least one horizontal passage intersected therewith and a wicking element inserted in the vertical passage with its lower end receiving water from the water reservoir through the horizontal passage, top end of the vertical passage communicates with the surrounding environment through an outlet of the housing; such that wicking element is able to continuously absorb water and let top end thereof always be moistened while in contact with the transducer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to pirfenidone (5-methyl-1-phenyl-2-(1H)-pyridone) and its derivatives and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, use of these compounds as a medicament, and for the manufacture of a medicament for treating or delaying the onset or development of pulmonary hypertension.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gas generator for health use having a security system, comprising: an electrolysis tank for containing electrolyzed water, wherein the electrolysis tank further comprises a power supply for electrolyzing the electrolyzed water to generating a gas mixture including hydrogen and oxygen; and a water bucket, coupled to the electrolysis tank. The security system comprises a sensor, electrically connected to the power supply, used to control the switch of the power supply, wherein the sensor is selected from a group consisting of a water level sensor configured in the water bucket, a gas leakage sensor configured in the gas generator for health use, a temperature sensor configured in the water bucket, a temperature sensor configured in the electrolysis tank, a temperature sensor configured in the power supply, and a combination thereof.

Abstract: One atomizer for an artificial cigarette includes an atomizing assembly and an adjustment assembly thereon. The atomizing assembly includes an accommodation cavity and the adjustment assembly includes a substrate and an adjustment member rotatably disposed on the substrate. A liquid inlet port is defined in the substrate, the port communicating with the accommodation cavity. The adjustment member adjusts a size of the liquid inlet port exposed during rotation of the adjustment member. A second atomizer includes an atomizing assembly and an air inlet port, the atomizing assembly includes an atomizing cavity and an air passage. The air passage has one end communicating with a top of the atomizing cavity and another end communicating with the air inlet port. An aerosol generating device including either one of the above atomizers is also provided.

Abstract: A temperature monitor, a temperature monitoring system, and method are provided. The temperature monitor includes an electronic paper display and a passive temperature sensor. The electronic paper display has first and second display states. The passive temperature sensor is coupled to the display such that when the temperature of the sensor attains a predetermined value, the display changes from the first display state to the second display state.

Abstract: A handheld misting device has a housing having a dispensing window is arranged and configured to contain a sonic generator, a power source coupled to the sonic generator, at least one reservoir containing a liquid, and a conduit extending from the at least one reservoir to a nozzle removably coupled to the sonic generator. The sonic generator includes a converter and an elongate horn having a proximal end coupled to the converter and a distal end, and the nozzle is removably coupled to the distal end of the horn. Thus, the device delivers the liquid through a delivery opening formed in the nozzle, and activating the sonic generator energizes the liquid in the nozzle to generate an aerosol plume that is delivered through the dispensing window.

Abstract: A method to mitigate the consequences of a vapor cloud explosion due to an accidental release of a flammable gas in an open area, comprising: defining an hazardous area wherein an accidental release of flammable gas is likely to happen; receiving a signal from a detector device able to detect the presence of the flammable gas within the hazardous area, upon reception of a signal indicating the presence of the flammable gas within the hazardous area, generating a control signal to activate a release of a flame acceleration suppression product in the hazardous area, at a rate that is determined as a function of the volume of said hazardous area.

Abstract: A liquid droplet production apparatus includes a perforate membrane, with liquid being supplied to one side of the membrane. An actuator for vibrating the membrane is provided. The vibration causes liquid droplets to be ejected from the other side of the membrane. Magnetic force is used to connect the actuator to the membrane so that the vibration can be transmitted.

Abstract: A portable device for use in hunting. The portable device includes a piezoelectric element to discharge a scented vapor stream into the atmosphere. The vapor stream can carry a scent for attracting animals and/or disguising human scent.

Abstract: A relative humidity control apparatus for control of the relative humidity in a gas space has a nebulizer source with an outlet for nebulized liquid, a frame surrounding an open area and comprising an opening arrangement to the open area and in operational flow connection with the outlet, and a flow drive arrangement generating a gas flow from the outlet to and out of the opening arrangement. A liquid handling robot comprising this apparatus, a method of operating the apparatus, an immunoassay method and methods of controlling the time course of the relative humidity in a gaseous space and of producing a predetermined volume of a liquid are also disclosed.

Abstract: A collapsible joint for use with a nebulizer includes a housing connected to the source of carrier gas flow, an extensible and flexible airway and an extension connected to a patient applicator. A swivel joint for use with a nebulizer includes a swivel housing, a rotating airway pivoted in the swivel housing about a first axis of rotation; and an airway base coupling coupled to the swivel housing rotatable with respect to the swivel housing about a second axis of rotation. The first and second axes of rotation are mutually orthogonal at least in part to each other.

Abstract: Methods and devices for stimulating nerves are disclosed. In one embodiment adapted for stimulating excitable tissue, the invention includes drive circuitry, an acoustic transducer and a pair of electrodes.

Abstract: A mixer-heater device provides controllable reduction in aerosol droplet size. Additionally, an intermittent delivery mode for administering an aerosol to a patient may take into account patient expiration and reduce aerosol losses without prolonging treatment time. Depositional losses in aerosol delivery systems may be reduced by streamlining the three dimensional geometry of conduits which change stream direction or flow path diameter. Ventilation systems may also benefit from streamlined components, in particular Y-connectors, with resulting advantages such as reduced rebreathed CO2.

Abstract: An aerosol generator for generating an aerosol from a fluid, comprising: a vibratable membrane (22) having a first side (24) for being in contact with the fluid and an opposite second side (25), the membrane having a plurality of through holes (26) penetrating the membrane in an extension direction (E) from the first side to the second side, whereby the fluid passes the through holes from the first side to the second side when the membrane is vibrated for generating the aerosol at the second side, each through hole (26) having along its extension direction (E) a smallest diameter (Ds), a larger diameter (DL) that is larger than the smallest diameter and defined by that diameter that is closest to triple, preferably twice said smallest diameter, each through hole having a nozzle portion (32) defined by that continuous portion of the through hole in the extension direction comprising the smallest diameter of the through hole and bordered by the larger diameter of the through hole, characterized in that the rati