Abstract: A solar cell and a photovoltaic module, including a substrate and a first electrode. The first electrode is arranged on a surface of the substrate and electrically connected to the substrate. Along a thickness direction of the substrate, the first electrode is provided with a first conductive layer, a second conductive layer, and a first transport layer. The first transport layer is located between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, and the first transport layer is made of a semiconductor material and configured to electrically connect the first conductive layer with the second conductive layer.

Abstract: Provided is a photovoltaic module, including a first intermediate busbar having a first lead-out terminal provided at an end thereof; a second intermediate busbar having a second lead-out terminal provided at an end thereof; and a first jumper wire arranged on a first isolation bar; the first lead-out terminal and the second lead-out terminal are located on two opposite sides of the first jumper wire, and the first lead-out terminal and the second lead-out terminal abut against two opposite side surfaces of the first isolation bar or overlap a top surface of the first isolation bar. Compared with the related art, the first isolation bar where the first jumper wire is located is clamped or pressed by the first lead-out terminal and the second lead-out terminal, to prevent short circuit or shielding of the cell caused by free movement of the first jumper wire, the first and second intermediate busbars.

Abstract: Improved photovoltaic (PV) assemblies for converting solar radiation to electrical energy and methods of installation thereof are disclosed herein. PV arrays comprising a plurality PV modules are also described herein. A PV assembly can comprise at least one PV module having a front side and a back side opposite the front side. A PV module can comprise a plurality of solar cells encapsulated within a PV laminate. In some embodiments, a PV module includes a frame at least partially surrounding the PV laminate. In such embodiments, frame can comprise an outer surface feature. The PV assembly can further comprise at least one spacing device positioned between adjacent PV modules. A spacing device can comprise a spacer body having a predetermined width for defining a predetermined distance or gap between adjacent PV modules.

Abstract: A high efficiency configuration for a solar cell module comprises solar cells conductively bonded to each other in a shingled manner to form super cells, which may be arranged to efficiently use the area of the solar module, reduce series resistance, and increase module efficiency.

Abstract: A solar cell can include a conductive foil having a first portion with a first yield strength coupled to a semiconductor region of the solar cell. The solar cell can be interconnected with another solar cell via an interconnect structure that includes a second portion of the conductive foil, with the interconnect structure having a second yield strength greater than the first yield strength.

Abstract: A high efficiency configuration for a solar cell module comprises solar cells arranged in an overlapping shingled manner and methods for assembling solar cells in a shingled manner. Solar cells in the module are electrically connected in series by front side ribbons and separate rear side ribbons. The front-side ribbons have a smaller cross-sectional width while the rear-side ribbons are thinner and wider.

Abstract: A solar cell module includes first and second solar cells each including a plurality of first and second electrodes formed on a back surface of a semiconductor substrate, a first conductive line connected to the first electrodes, and a second conductive line connected to the second electrodes, and an interconnector connecting the first conductive line of the first solar cell to the second conductive line of the second solar cell. At least one of an area of an overlap portion, an area of a connection portion, a connection position, and a connection shape between the interconnector and the first conductive line of the first solar cell is different from at least one of an area of an overlap portion, an area of a connection portion, a connection position, and a connection shape between the interconnector and the second conductive line of the second solar cell.

Abstract: There is provided a transparent semiconductor substrate and a method for manufacturing same includes a semiconductor substrate including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface; and a through-hole penetrating the semiconductor substrate, wherein the through-hole includes an inclined portion inclined with respect to the first surface and second surface.

Abstract: Disclosed is an illuminating panel, in particular integrated into a traversable surface, including, in succession, a first protective film arranged on the front face of the device, a first exterior encapsulating film, an interior encapsulating film, a second exterior encapsulating film, and a second protective film arranged on the rear face of the device, one of the films chosen from among the first exterior encapsulating film, the interior encapsulating film and the second exterior encapsulating film coating at least one active element suitable for emitting light. Also disclosed is a method for producing such a panel and a functional traversable surface with such a panel.

Abstract: Approaches for fabricating one-dimensional metallization for solar cells, and the resulting solar cells, are described. In an example, a solar cell includes a substrate having a back surface and an opposing light-receiving surface. A plurality of alternating N-type and P-type semiconductor regions is disposed in or above the back surface of the substrate and parallel along a first direction to form a one-dimensional layout of emitter regions for the solar cell. A conductive contact structure is disposed on the plurality of alternating N-type and P-type semiconductor regions. The conductive contact structure includes a plurality of metal lines corresponding to the plurality of alternating N-type and P-type semiconductor regions. The plurality of metal lines is parallel along the first direction to form a one-dimensional layout of a metallization layer for the solar cell.

Abstract: The photovoltaic module includes at least one cell string, including multiple solar cell sheets, and adjacent solar cell sheets in the multiple solar cell sheets are connected to each other by multiple welding strips. In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module further includes multiple welding strips, where each of the multiple welding strips is in electrical contact with a corresponding bus bar, each of the multiple welding strips includes multiple bending portions arranged continuously along a second direction. In addition, along the second direction, an orthographic projection of a central line of each of the multiple welding strips on a back surface of the solar cell sheet coincides with an orthographic projection of a central line of the corresponding bus bar and/or an orthographic projection of a central line of each of the multiple bonding pads on the corresponding bus bar on the back surface of the solar cell sheet.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to fire detection and alarm technology, and more particularly, to a detection component, a detection system and a fire alarm applicable for the Photoelectric Smoke Detection Fire Alarm. The scattering mechanism ensures scattering fitting with the receiving tube to make the size and detection accuracy of the fire alarm fulfill requirements, and the circuit detection system and maze structure improve detection accuracy and reduce the interference of external light.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solar cell panel including: a semiconductor substrate having a long axis and a short axis that intersect; a first conductivity type region formed on one surface of the semiconductor substrate; a second conductivity type region formed on the other surface of the semiconductor substrate; a first electrode electrically connected to the first conductivity type region; and a second electrode electrically connected to the second conductivity type region. The first electrode includes: a plurality of finger lines positioned in a first direction parallel to the long axis and being parallel to each other; and a plurality of bus bars including a plurality of pad portions positioned in a second direction parallel to the short axis. The plurality of pad portions include a first outer pad and a second outer pad located on opposite ends of the plurality of bus bars in the second direction, respectively.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an insulation piercing cable connection system, to an insulation piercing cable and an insulation piercing connector for use in said insulation piercing cable connection system, and to a photovoltaic system.

Abstract: A photovoltaic module can include a high voltage photovoltaic laminate that include a plurality of high voltage photovoltaic cells with each of the high voltage photovoltaic cells including a plurality of sub-cells. A boost-less conversion device can be configured to convert a first voltage from the high voltage photovoltaic laminate to a second voltage.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for installing a solar cell module, which enables easy installation of a solar cell module on a rack, and also enables a worker to install a solar cell module without climbing on the roof. A solar cell module is installed on a rack mounted on a roof. The solar cell module includes a frame formed of a material containing a resin. The rack includes multiple rails each having a groove, and the grooves of a pair of the rails are disposed to be opposed to each other. The method of this invention comprises the steps of fitting the frame of the solar cell module into the groove such that the solar cell module is retained by the pair of the rails, and fixing the solar cell module to the pair of the rails to prevent the solar cell module from falling out of the grooves.

Abstract: Photovoltaic (PV) cells that can be interconnected with improved interconnect joints to form PV cell strings and PV modules. The improved interconnect joints comprise at least two types of adhesive bonding regions to maximize both electrical conductivity and mechanical strength of interconnect joints coupling terminals of PV cells. The disclosed approaches to PV cell interconnection provide greater manufacturing rates and higher quality PV cell strings and PV modules.

Abstract: A method for starting a photovoltaic rapid shutdown system, an application apparatus and a system are provided. In this method, the inverter system controls a voltage of a direct current bus in the photovoltaic rapid shutdown system. The photovoltaic module breaker makes determination based on a detected output voltage of the photovoltaic module breaker. In a case that the change characteristics of the voltage of the direct current bus connected to the photovoltaic module breaker meets the predetermined turn-on condition, the photovoltaic module breaker controls itself to be turned on. Therefore, the photovoltaic module breaker can determine whether the photovoltaic module breaker receives a turn-on signal only based on its own voltage acquisition device without an additional receiving apparatus.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure are generally related to solar panel configurations. In some embodiments, the active surface area of the solar panel is increased compared to traditional flat solar cell arrays. The increase in active surface area may increase solar panel efficiency. For example, in some embodiments, a single light ray may have portions reflected onto a plurality of solar cell surfaces to provide further opportunities for light capture and conversion to electricity.

Abstract: A solar module can include a first and second solar cell having front sides which face the sun during normal operation and back sides opposite the front sides. In an embodiment, a first interconnect can be coupled to the back sides of both the first and second solar cell, where the first interconnect comprises an anodized region facing substantially the same direction as the front sides.

Abstract: A solar cell system and a flexible solar panel are disclosed herein. The solar cell system includes a glass housing, a set of rows of solar cells each defining a front side and a rear side and arranged within the glass housing. The solar cell system can also include a reflective element disposed in the glass housing and facing the rear side of the set of rows of solar cells and a first terminal coupled to a first end of the set of rows of solar cells, traversing through and sealed against the first end of the glass housing. The solar cell system can be configured with other solar cell systems into the flexible solar panel that is deployable in a wide range of potential applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solar cell backsheet, comprising a functional layer wherein the functional layer comprises a polyethylene alloy and a semi-crystalline polymer such as polypropylene, preferably at least 10 wt % of polypropylenes based on the total weight of the polymers in the functional layer. The polypropylene is selected from a polypropylene homo- or copolymer, the copolymer is a random or block copolymer. The polyethylene alloy comprises a copolymer containing an ethylene segment (—CH2-CH2-) which is selected from one or more of ethylene acrylate copolymer, ethylene-hexene copolymer, ethylene-octene copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The functional layer further comprises an inorganic filler selected from one of calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, mica, talc, kaolin, glass microbeads and glass fibers. The present invention also relates to a photovoltaic module comprising the backsheet according to the present invention.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solar cell panel including a plurality of solar cells including a first solar cell and a second solar cell. Each of the first and second solar cells includes a semiconductor substrate, a first conductive area disposed on a first surface of the semiconductor substrate, a second conductive area disposed on a second surface of the semiconductor substrate which is opposite the first surface of the semiconductor substrate, a first transparent electrode layer disposed on the first conductive area, a second transparent electrode layer disposed on the second conductive area, and a plurality of interconnectors spaced apart from one another at a constant pitch on the first transparent electrode layer so as to extend in a given direction. Each of the first and second solar cells lacks a metal electrode intersecting the plurality of interconnectors on the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A broad-spectrum solar energy system includes a photovoltaic system that includes photovoltaic cells configured to produce a DC voltage in response to visible and ultraviolet (UV) light. The photovoltaic cells can produce waste heat in producing the DC voltage. An inverter converts the DC voltage to a first AC voltage. A rectenna system coupled with the photovoltaic system includes a first antenna having a resonance at a first wavelength; and a second antenna having a resonance at a second wavelength. The first antenna and the second antenna can absorb energy at least in the infrared (IR) wavelength range and convert the energy to a second AC voltage. The first antenna and/or the second antenna can absorb the waste heat produced by the plurality of photovoltaic cells and convert the waste heat to the second AC voltage. Power is supplied from the first AC voltage and the second AC voltage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photovoltaic device (1). The device comprises a solar cell unit (2) comprising a porous light-absorbing layer (3) at a top side (2a), of a porous first conducting layer (4), a porous substrate (5) of an insulating material. The solar cell unit comprises a conducting medium. The photovoltaic device comprises a first conductor (7) in electrical contact with the first conducting layer (4), a second conductor (8) in electrical contact with the second conducting layer (6), and an encapsulation (9) encapsulating the solar cell unit. The encapsulation comprises a top sheet (9a) and a bottom sheet (9b). The first and second conductors (7, 8) are arranged between the encapsulation (9) and the solar cell unit (2) at the bottom side (2b) of the solar cell unit (2).

Abstract: A storage system configured for use with an energy management system is provided and includes a single-phase AC coupled battery or a three-phase AC coupled battery, a plurality of microinverters that are configured to connect to one or more battery cell core pack that form a local grid, and a controller configured to detect when to charge or discharge the single-phase AC coupled battery or the three-phase AC coupled battery so that energy can be stored therein when energy is abundant and used when energy is scarce.

Abstract: A method for soldering a solar cell, includes: placing a plurality of back contact cells on a soldering platform, where back surfaces of the back contact cells face away from the soldering platform, and electrodes corresponding to two adjacent back contact cells have opposite polarities in a connection direction of a plurality of to-be-connected ribbons; placing the plurality of to-be-connected ribbons on the electrodes of the plurality of back contact cells by using a first clamping portion, a second clamping portion, and a plurality of third clamping portions, where the first clamping portion, the second clamping portion, and the plurality of third clamping portions respectively correspond to head ends, tail ends, and middle portions of the plurality of ribbons; and heating the plurality of ribbons by using a heater to connect the plurality of ribbons to the plurality of back contact cells.

Abstract: A solar cell includes a semiconductor substrate, an emitter formed on a first surface of the semiconductor substrate, a back surface field formed on a second surface of the semiconductor substrate, a first electrode connected to the emitter, a second electrode connected to the back surface field, and a second pad electrode connected to the second electrode, wherein the second electrode and the second pad electrode are spaced apart from each other in the first direction so as to form a spacer therebetween.

Abstract: A thin-film solar module with a substrate and a layer structure applied thereon, which comprises a rear electrode layer, a front electrode layer, and an absorber layer arranged between the rear electrode layer and the front electrode layer, wherein serially connected solar cells are formed in the layer structure by patterning zones, wherein at least one solar cell has one or more optically transparent zones that are in each case rear-electrode-layer-free, wherein the one or more optically transparent zones are implemented such that the rear electrode layer of the solar cell is continuous.

Abstract: A heads-up display may comprise a viewing screen having a reflective surface; a housing defining an opening; a display element disposed within the housing and comprising an integral linear polarizer configured to polarize light in a first direction; and a first linear polarizer disposed between the display element and the viewing screen covering the opening defined by the housing configured to polarize light in the first direction. The display element may be capable of causing images to be displayed on the viewing screen.

Abstract: A FPCB/FCCL replacing a tinned-copper welding strip as a photovoltaic module bus bar is a composite material including an insulating base material and a conductive layer, and the insulating base material is made from PI or PET, and the conductive layer is generally the copper foil. According to the present invention, when the flexible solar module adopts the FPCB/FCCL to replace the tinned-copper welding strip as the photovoltaic module bus bar, the product quality and product stability are greatly improved, and the FPCB/FCCL bus bar is also suitable for the double-glass solar module and the single-glass solar module. The copper foil of FPCB/FCCL may be integrated with circuits, or be the complete copper foil (without circuits), or the copper foil of FPCB/FCCL may simultaneously has the part with circuits and the part without circuits.

Abstract: Photovoltaic devices having photoactive layers coupled to buffer layers are disclosed. Such devices may be transparent to visible light but absorb near-infrared light and/or ultraviolet light. The photovoltaic devices may include a p-phenylene layer that acts as a buffer layer. The photovoltaic devices may include one or more photoactive layers. The one or more photoactive layers may include a single planar heterojunction, a single bulk heterojunction (BHJ), or multiple stacked BHJs that have complementary absorption characteristics, among other possibilities.

Abstract: A solar cell includes a substrate having a front surface and a back surface; an emitter formed on the front surface of the substrate; a plurality of first electrodes positioned on the emitter and extended in first direction; a plurality of first bus lines positioned on the emitter and extended in second direction crossing to the first direction; a plurality of back surface field regions formed on the back surface of the substrate and extended in the first direction; a plurality of second electrodes positioned on the plurality of back surface field regions and extended in the first direction; and, a plurality of second bus lines extended in the second direction.

Abstract: A photovoltaic energy generation system with a string including a series connection of solar modules, which string is electrically connected to an inverter via power lines for converting and feeding electrical power from the string into a network. The inverter is configured to obtain an alternative operating power from only one of the solar modules in the event that normal operating power can be obtained neither from the network nor from the entire string. A supply line can supply the alternative operating power to the inverter. Furthermore, the connectors and mating connectors of such a supply line are described, which can also be installed with an inverter.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention may utilize one or more techniques, alone or in combination, to maximize a surface area of a receiver that is configured to convert light into another form of energy. One technique enhances collection efficiency by controlling a size, shape, and/or position of a cell relative to an expected illumination profile under various conditions. Another technique positions non-active elements (such as electrical contacts and/or interconnects) on surfaces likely to be shaded from incident light by other elements of the receiver. Another technique utilizes embodiments of interconnect structures occupying a small footprint. According to certain embodiments, the receiver may be cooled by exposure to a fluid such as water or air.

Abstract: A method of fabricating solar cell, solar laminate and/or solar module string is provided. The method may include: locating a metal foil over a plurality of semiconductor substrates; exposing the metal foil to laser beam over selected portions of the plurality of semiconductor substrates, wherein exposing the metal foil to the laser beam forms a plurality conductive contact structures having of locally deposited metal portion electrically connecting the metal foil to the semiconductor substrates at the selected portions; and selectively removing portions of the metal foil, wherein remaining portions of the metal foil extend between at least two of the plurality of semiconductor substrates.

Abstract: A test method for testing a solar power generation system is provided. The solar power generation system includes a DC to AC converter and a control unit. The DC to AC converter is electrically coupled between an external power grid and a solar panel. The control unit is configured to control the DC to AC converter to switch between a power generation mode and a test mode. When in the power generation mode, a photoelectric energy generated by the solar panel is provided to the external power grid via the DC to AC converter. When in the test mode, the control unit controls the DC to AC converter to generate a testing electrical energy by obtaining from the external power grid, to effect a test result of the solar panel when the testing electrical energy passes through the solar panel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optimizer, for a solar string power generation system, comprising an Injection Circuit (IC), connected to at least one string, from an array of strings of solar panels, wherein the output of said IC is connected to the DC bus of the solar inverter. The IC comprises: (i) an MPPT mechanism, for finding the MPP of the connected string; (ii) a DC/DC converter, for converting part of the power of said connected string; wherein the DC/DC converter, converts only a part of the power of the string, that is connected to the IC, when the string is impaired, for compensating for the relative voltage difference between the voltage MPP, of the impaired string, and the MPP voltage of the DC bus of the solar inverter and the array of strings.

Abstract: This specification describes automated reel processes for producing solar modules and solar module reels. In some examples, a method includes receiving a continuous feed of photovoltaic devices on a photovoltaic device sheet. The method includes locating and bypassing one or more defective photovoltaic devices on the photovoltaic device sheet. The method includes installing bussing for the photovoltaic devices on the photovoltaic device sheet. The method includes feeding the photovoltaic device sheet to an encapsulation system to output a photovoltaic module sheet.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides glass, and a manufacturing method and a control method thereof. The glass includes a first glass layer, a plurality of transparent conductive strips and a second glass layer. The plurality of transparent conductive strips are between the first glass layer and the second glass layer, and are configured to generate heat when being supplied with power.

Abstract: A solar canopy has a solar panel assembly including a first solar panel coupled to a second solar panel and oriented non-parallel with respect to the second solar panel. A solar panel assembly support structure is coupled to the solar panel assembly. One or more components of the support structure are manufactured by cold rolling. The solar panel assembly has an effective solar-panel-assembly wind loading less than a sum of a first-solar-panel effective wind loading and a second-solar-panel effective wind loading determined individually. An actual load applied by the solar panel assembly to a solar-panel-assembly support structure coupled thereto when the solar panel assembly is subject to a wind loading is less than a design load for the solar panel assembly subject to the wind loading based on a sum of a first-solar-panel net pressure and a second-solar-panel net pressure determined independently.

Abstract: A solar cell structure is disclosed. The solar cell structure comprises a carrier having a front side and a P-N junction, a solar cell electrically coupled to the front side of the carrier, and an adhesive layer. The adhesive layer bonds the front side of the carrier to the solar cell. The adhesive layer includes conductive particles that electrically couple the carrier to the solar cell.

Abstract: Method of making a current collecting grid for solar cells, including the steps of a) providing a continuous layer stack (1) on a substrate (8), the layer stack (1) including an upper (2) and a lower (3) conductive layer having a photoactive layer (4) interposed there between; b) selectively removing the upper conductive layer (2) and the photoactive layer (4) for obtaining a first contact hole (10) extending through the upper conductive layer (2) and photoactive layer (4) exposing the lower conductive layer (3); c) printing a front contact body (4) on the upper conductive layer (2) and a back contact body (5) in the first contact hole (10) on the lower conductive layer (3) and forming an electrically insulating first gap surrounding the back contact body (5) between the upper conductive layer (2) and the back contact body (2).

Abstract: The invention relates to a solar module which is technically easy to manufacture and has a plurality of solar cells arranged one behind the other and electrically connected in series, wherein a bypass diode for electrical bypassing is electrically connected in parallel with each solar cell, wherein the bypass diodes are arranged one behind the other, wherein each solar cell and each bypass diode comprises a photovoltaically active layer, a lower electrically conductive layer and an upper electrically conductive layer both of which adjoin the photovoltaically active layer, characterized in that each bypass diode is arranged between solar cells.

Abstract: A solar cell panel includes a plurality of solar cells including first and second solar cells, and a plurality of wiring members electrically connecting the first and second solar cells. A first electrode of each of the first and second solar cells includes a first bus bar including a plurality of first pad portions. The plurality of first pad portions include a first end pad positioned on one end side of the first bus bar and on which an end of the wiring member is positioned, and a first extension pad positioned on the other end side of the first bus bar and on an extension of the wiring member. An area of the first end pad is different from an area of the first extension pad.

Abstract: A method for detecting a potential-induced degradation (PID) of PV modules of a PV installation includes operating a PV generator at a maximum power point (MPP), at a first generator voltage (U1) and first generator current (I1), and at a second generator voltage (U2) and second generator current (I2), where a first power (P1) at the first generator voltage (U1) is in a predefined first ratio V1=P1/PMPP and V1?1, with the power (PMPP) at the maximum power point (MPP) of the PV generator, and where a second power (P2) at the second generator voltage (U2) is in a predefined second ratio V2=P2/P1 and V2<1, with the first power (P1) of the PV generator, and where a quantity Y that characterizes a progress of the potential-induced degradation (PID) is determined from the values of the voltages (U1, U2) and/or the currents (I1, I2).

Abstract: Visibly transparent photovoltaic devices are disclosed, such as those are transparent to visible light but absorb near-infrared light and/or ultraviolet light. The photovoltaic devices make use of transparent electrodes and near-infrared absorbing visibly transparent photoactive compounds, optical materials, and/or buffer materials.

Abstract: Composite making regions are provided. These masking regions can include layers or other areas of different transparency where a first region has a first transparency and a second region has a different transparency. Masking regions can be positioned between adjacent photovoltaic cells of photovoltaic arrays.

Abstract: A solar cell panel is disclosed. The disclosed solar cell panel includes a semiconductor substrate, a conductive region disposed in or on the semiconductor substrate, an electrode connected to the conductive region, a lead electrically connected to the electrode. The electrode includes finger lines, and a bus bar line extending across the finger lines, and electrically connected to the lead. First and second end edge areas are arranged at opposite ends of the bus bar line disposed adjacent to opposite edges of the semiconductor substrate, respectively. The bus bar line includes electrode portions respectively disposed at the first end second end edge areas. Each electrode portion includes an opening formed through the each electrode portion, and an outermost end disposed at a position flush with corresponding ones of the outermost ones of the finger lines or a position outwards of the corresponding outermost finger lines.

Abstract: A bonding clamp includes a top bracket including opposing side walls defining a channel therebetween. The top bracket has an aperture through a central portion thereof. The top bracket is shaped to receive a first photovoltaic (“PV”) module on a first side and a second PV module on a second side. A bottom bracket includes a body and a pair of top flanges extending vertically from a top surface of the body. The pair of top flanges are spaced apart from each other. The bottom bracket also includes anti-rotation flanges extending from a bottom surface of body. A fastening mechanism fastens the top bracket in a fixed position with respect to the bottom bracket.