Abstract: Method for hydrophobing a cellulose substrate (1), which comprising a first side and a second side, which faces away from the first side. The method comprising the steps of drying a cellulose substrate (1) to a dry content above 80%, preferably above 85%, adding a vaporized fatty acid halide, to the first side of the cellulose substrate, and, at the same time perform vacuum sucking at the second side of the cellulose substrate, such that, the vaporized fatty acid penetrates the cellulose substrate (1) in a predetermined direction through the substrate.

Abstract: An artificial pet chewing leather, manufacturing method and application thereof are disclosed. Raw materials for the artificial pet chewing leather includes water and leather powder obtained by grinding leather, or leather pulp obtained by grinding leather in damp condition with water, or the leather powder and the leather pulp. A method for manufacturing the artificial pet chewing leather includes mixing the raw material and molding, wherein the molding refers to extrusion molding by extruder, molding by biscuit machine, press molding by mould or molding by hand craft. The artificial pet chewing leather is used for pet food. The artificial pet chew of the present invention overcomes shortcomings of the prior art. The raw material is abundantly available and easily obtained. The manufacturing method is easy and cost thereof is low. Furthermore, the pet chew products satisfy tastes of pet dogs and are easy to popularize.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention may be made by the following steps: providing a mixture comprising a plurality of fibers, a lubricant, and a suspension fluid, with the suspension fluid filling a void space between said fibers and subjecting said mixture to at least one compressive force. The compressive force causes the migration and alignment of said fibers; and may remove substantially all of the suspension fluid from said mixture. The mixture may further comprise a biologically active agent, or a reinforcing agent.

Abstract: Moisture absorptive and desorptive paper having both high moisture absorptive and desorptive properties and high dimensional stability is provided. Moisture absorptive and desorptive paper comprising organic fine particles having cross-linking structure and 1 to 10 mmol/g of acidic group where not less than 1 mmol/g of metal ion of at least one kind of metal selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Mg and Ca is bonded to said acidic group, inorganic fiber and pulp-shaped fiber. By the basic constitution as above, on one hand the moisture absorptive and desorptive properties inherent to the organic fine particles are efficiently utilized by suppressing the use of binder as much as possible, and on the other hand deformation or thermal shrinking of the paper due to swelling in water at the time of absorption etc. is able to be suppressed.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of a particulate material derived from mammalian hair in the preparation of a paper or paperboard product, which particulate material has been prepared by means of a process, which comprises the following steps: (a) subjecting mammalian hair to an oxidation treatment in which the hair is contacted with a solution, which comprises a bleaching agent; (b) separating the oxidised hair from the solution; (c) drying the separated hair; and (d) subjecting the dried hair to a treatment in which the hair is formed into a particulate material having an average particle size in the range of from 0.5 to 4 mm. The invention further relates to a paper or paperboard product, or paper pulp comprising said particulate material.

Abstract: A process for producing a protein hydrolysate derived from keratin containing material with an oxidative bleaching agent at an acidic pH and mixing the keratin hydrolysate as an additive to the wet-end of a papermaking process. The process achieves a paper with a lower porosity and greater breaking length.

Abstract: A process useful for producing low density high mineral wool based acoustical panels with improved acoustical absorption properties using a water felting process is disclosed. The process includes forming a dilute slurry mixture including water, mineral wool, a thermoplastic binder and/or starch; and distributing the dilute slurry on a porous carrier to have the slurry dewatered to a base mat by gravity drainage to remove water by gravity. A vacuum is adjusted to gradually apply vacuum to the gravity dewatered base mat to further dewater the base mat without subjecting the mat to static pressure that would compress the base mat. The base mat is dried to form an acoustical ceiling product that has a low density and excellent acoustical absorption properties.

Abstract: The continuous digester is for producing chemical pulp to a process for operating this digester and to a feedback system for the cooking liquid. By means of implementing cooking zones 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th down through the digester, that have a successively decreasing liquid-to-wood ratio, it is possible to obtain a more uniform alkali profile during the cooking. The alkali is kept high at the beginning by means of a high liquid-to-wood ratio, typically over 6:1, which exceeds conventional liquid-to-wood ratios, which are normally around 3.5-5.0:1.

Abstract: The invention relates to a continuous digester for producing chemical pulp, to a process for operating this digester and to a feedback system for the cooking liquid. By means of implementing cooking zones 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th down through the digester, having a successively decreasing liquid-to-wood ratio, it is possible to obtain a more uniform alkali profile during the cooking. The alkali which is totally available is kept high at the beginning by means of a high liquid-to-wood ratio, typically well over 6:1, which well exceeds conventional liquid-to-wood ratios, which are normally around 3.5-5.0:1. In combination with digester liquid from subsequent cooking zones being fed back to the top of the digester, the alkali concentration can be kept low at the beginning of the cooking, typically within 20-35 g/l when cooking softwood. This is achieved with essentially all the alkali, i.e. more than 80%, being added at the beginning of the cooking.

Abstract: A feather molding process and the molded product produced therefrom. The inventive method comprises the steps of: (a) reducing feathers in a refiner, a pulper, or a combination thereof; (b) cleaning the feathers using a cleaning agent; (c) diluting at least a portion of the reduced feather material to form a slurry; and (d) delivering the slurry to a vacuum molding apparatus to form a molded product.

Abstract: A method of processing feathers and products produced thereby. The method preferably comprises the step of reducing feathers in at least one of a refiner and a pulper. A cleaning agent is preferably added to the feather material before and/or after the reducing step. The cleaning agent will preferably be hydrogen peroxide, detergent, a surface acting surfactant, bleach, or a combination thereof. The method can also include the steps of (a) adding paper pulp to the reduced feather material and then (b) forming a product from the combined material.

Abstract: A process for converting components of poultry production feather waste into value-added products involves a single counterflow or batch system wash in a polar organic solvent solution. The feather waste can contain loose, picked feathers, and non-feather avian parts. The feather-waste stream is exposed to a concentration gradient of solvent which sanitizes, denatures, dehydrates, and de-oils it. In one aspect, the counterflow contact between solvent solution and feather waste takes place in an inclined screw conveyor. The process produces avian oil and protein from a liquid intermediate stream and dry fiber and protein powder from the converted waste stream. Fiber from this process can be used in fabrics, composites, extrusions and laminates. Oil and protein can be used in biochemical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, animal feed, and fertilizer products.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved method for scouring wool. The method comprises differential heating of grease contaminants in the unscoured wool to at least partially liquefy the grease, absorbing the grease by the addition of a grease-absorbing material, and separating the grease-absorbing material from the wool. The method of the invention involves substantially less water consumption than current methods and is a more efficient means of producing wool.

Abstract: A method for making a collagen strengthened cellulosic sheet by providing a cellulosic pulp slurry; adding solubilized collagen to the pulp slurry, and mixing for a time effective for interaction of the cellulosic pulp slurry and solubilized collagen; forming the interacted cellulosic pulp slurry and solubilized collagen into a sheet; and drying the sheet; also, a method for using solubilized collagen for strengthening paper by mixing the solubilized collagen with a cellulosic pulp slurry; and making a cellulosic pulp product from the mixture and drying.

Abstract: A method for making a collagen strengthened cellulosic sheet by providing a cellulosic pulp slurry; adding solubilized collagen to the pulp slurry, and mixing for a time effective for interaction of the cellulosic pulp slurry and solubilized collagen; forming the interacted cellulosic pulp slurry and solubilized collagen into a sheet; and drying the sheet; also, a method for using solubilized collagen for strengthening paper by mixing the solubilized collagen with a cellulosic pulp slurry; and making a cellulosic pulp product from the mixture and drying.

Abstract: A method for making a collagen strengthened cellulosic sheet by providing a cellulosic pulp slurry; adding solubilized collagen to the pulp slurry, and mixing for a time effective for interaction of the cellulosic pulp slurry and solubilized collagen; forming the interacted cellulosic pulp slurry and solubilized collagen into a sheet; and drying the sheet; also, a method for using solubilized collagen for strengthening paper by mixing the solubilized collagen with a cellulosic pulp slurry; and making a cellulosic pulp product from the mixture and drying.

Abstract: A method for making a collagen strengthened cellulosic sheet by providing a cellulosic pulp slurry; adding solubilized collagen to the pulp slurry, and mixing for a time effective for interaction of the cellulosic pulp slurry and solubilized collagen; forming the interacted cellulosic pulp slurry and solubilized collagen into a sheet; and drying the sheet; also, a method for using solubilized collagen for strengthening paper by mixing the solubilized collagen with a cellulosic pulp slurry; and making a cellulosic pulp product from the mixture and drying.

Abstract: A method for making a collagen strengthened cellulosic sheet by providing a cellulosic pulp slurry; adding solubilized collagen to the pulp slurry, and mixing for a time effective for interaction of the cellulosic pulp slurry and solubilized collagen; forming the interacted cellulosic pulp slurry and solubilized collagen into a sheet; and drying the sheet; also, a method for using solubilized collagen for strengthening paper by mixing the solubilized collagen with a cellulosic pulp slurry; and making a cellulosic pulp product from the mixture and drying.

Abstract: A method for making a collagen strengthened cellulosic sheet by providing a cellulosic pulp slurry; adding solubilized collagen to the pulp slurry, and mixing for a time effective for interaction of the cellulosic pulp slurry and solubilized collagen; forming the interacted cellulosic pulp slurry and solubilized collagen into a sheet; and drying the sheet; also, a method for using solubilized collagen for strengthening paper by mixing the solubilized collagen with a cellulosic pulp slurry; and making a cellulosic pulp product from the mixture and drying.

Abstract: A wide variety of end products may be manufactured from fibers or fiber pulp derived from feathers. Examples of such end products are paper and paper-like products, non-woven and woven fibers, insulation, filters, extrusions, and composite sheets and plates.

Abstract: A method for making a collagen strengthened cellulosic sheet by providing a cellulosic pulp slurry; adding solubilized collagen to the pulp slurry, and mixing for a time effective for interaction of the cellulosic pulp slurry and solubilized collagen; forming the interacted cellulosic pulp slurry and solubilized collagen into a sheet; and drying the sheet; also, a method for using solubilized collagen for strengthening paper by mixing the solubilized collagen with a cellulosic pulp slurry; and making a cellulosic pulp product from the mixture and drying.

Abstract: A method for making a collagen strengthened cellulosic sheet by providing a cellulosic pulp slurry; adding solubilized collagen to the pulp slurry, and mixing for a time effective for interaction of the cellulosic pulp slurry and solubilized collagen; forming the interacted cellulosic pulp slurry and solubilized collagen into a sheet; and drying the sheet; also, a method for using solubilized collagen for strengthening paper by mixing the solubilized collagen with a cellulosic pulp slurry; and making a cellulosic pulp product from the mixture and drying.

Abstract: The invention includes a method that provides a low cost aqueous solution of solubilized collagen by the steps of: (a) providing an aqueous ground slurry of insoluble collagen and adjusting the pH of said slurry to obtain activity for a proteolytic enzyme added in Step b; (b) adding said proteolytic enzyme to said pH adjusted slurry; (c) reacting the slurry and enzyme of Step b and/or recycled insoluble collagen and enzyme from Step e at a temperature, T, and for a time, t, effective for forming a solution increased in solubilized collagen; (d) adding additional water and insoluble collagen to said solution of Step c and mixing; (e) separating at least some of the solution of Step d containing solubilized collagen from insoluble collagen, whereby at least a portion of said insoluble collagen and proteolytic enzyme is recycled to Step c, and the separated solution containing solubilized collagen is withdrawn as product; an alternative embodiment provides for the direct production of solubilized collagen withou

Abstract: A method for making a collagen strengthened cellulosic sheet by providing a cellulosic pulp slurry; adding solubilized collagen to the pulp slurry, and mixing for a time effective for interaction of the cellulosic pulp slurry and solubilized collagen; forming the interacted cellulosic pulp slurry and solubilized collagen into a sheet; and drying the sheet; also, a method for using solubilized collagen for strengthening paper by mixing the solubilized collagen with a cellulosic pulp slurry; and making a cellulosic pulp product from the mixture and drying.

Abstract: A bonded fibre insulation batt is produced by ragging, teasing and otherwise doffering fibres of wool and/or synthetic or other natural fibres such as monoacrylic, acrylic, polyamide, polyester or cotton fibres, so as to form a sliver with said fibres randomly dispersed. The sliver is passed through a lapper which causes the sliver to lap on itself to form a mat of desired thickness. The sliver is sprayed with a resin emulsion prior to lapping so that the mat produced is throughly impregnated. The resin emulsion can include a fireproofing resin, and preferably a pesticide and a smoke retardant. The impregnated mat passes to a dryer to remove a substantial part of the water content thereof with minimal heating of the fibres. Following the water removal the mat passes to an oven to cure the resin thus forming the insulating batt which can be cut to desired size.

Abstract: A matted transparent paper is obtained by moistening a paper prepared from relatively lightly beaten natural pulp and then subjecting the moistened paper to a calendering treatment with the use of a heated embossing metal roll having a finely engraved surface with sharp reliefs.

Abstract: Waterlaid sheets comprising essential solids consisting of (I) elastomeric binder, and (II) nonelastomeric solids comprising inflexible, non-fibrous, rounded, particulate fillers and a fibrous reinforcing component. The waterlaid sheets are useful as substitutes for leather in the manufacture of footwear, particularly as the outsole or insole portion of a shoe.