Abstract: A modular ground engaging assembly having teeth with inserts. The teeth have a pointed forward prow and a trailing rib that in combination provide an improved cutting surface having relatively lower drag than comparable prior art grader tools.

Abstract: A furrow closer apparatus for attachment to a shank of a ground working implement, the shank extending rearward and downward from an implement frame member, comprises a bracket adapted for attachment to the shank. The bracket extends down from an upper forward portion of the shank. Spring arms extend from the bracket rearward and downward on each side of and below the shank, and are biased to a neutral position. Soil moving elements are attached to the spring arms near the lower end of the shank. Leading faces of the soil moving elements are oriented at opposed angles to the travel direction such that forward portions thereof are farther apart than rearward portions and such that soil contacted by each face is moved toward the shank rearward of the shank. Rotatable discs with a twine cutter can provide the soil moving elements.

Abstract: The apparatus for tilling soil provides a significant reduction in energy consumption. The apparatus includes one or more sweeps which are effective for subtilling the soil as it is moved therethrough. One or more tillers are provided ahead of the sweeps, sufficiently near the path of travel of the outermost ends or tips of the sweep blades so as to disturb or loosen the soil directly in the path of the ends of the blades. By positioning the tillers relative to the sweep tips in this manner, energy consumption may be significantly reduced in comparison to subtilling devices having coulters or other tillers positioned ahead of the center of the sweeps.

Abstract: A field breaking or tilling implement. The implement is mounted or located at a lower end of a shank which is adapted to be drawn behind a tractor. At the lower forward end of the shank is located a chisel point adapted to be pulled through the soil at a position just below a sub-surface hard pan soil layer. Extending rearwardly from the shank is a plow extension which mounts a plow member in spaced relation from the shank. The plow member is located directly behind the chisel, and serves to lift and break the soil. A method of tilling is also disclosed in which a plow member is pulled through the soil directly behind a chisel member.

Abstract: A weeding rod unit arranged in combination with a plow which embodies a plowshare and a shank upstanding from the plowshare for attachment to a tractor-drawn tool bar; the weeding rod unit comprising an arm secured to and projecting rearwardly from the shank adjacent but above the plowshare, individual spring rods projecting laterally and oppositely outwardly from the arm in a plane to run in weeding relation at or slightly below ground level when the plowshare is at working depth, and said oppositely projecting rods being integral with and emanating from a vertical-axis spring coil fixedly secured to said arm.