Abstract: A seeding implement includes a depth adjustment mechanism configured to facilitate rapid reconfiguration of a ground engaging tool for varying penetration depths. The seeding implement includes a ground engaging tool and a packer arm pivotally coupled to a packer support structure. The seeding implement also includes a packer wheel rotatably coupled to the packer arm, and configured to rotate across a soil surface to limit a penetration depth of the ground engaging tool into the soil. The seeding implement further includes a depth adjustment assembly including a slot within the packer support structure, a corresponding slot within the packer arm, and a fastener disposed through the slots. In this configuration, the penetration depth of the ground engaging tool is varied by adjusting a position of the fastener within the slots.

Abstract: A scraper body adapted to be attached to a furrow opener assembly with a disc rotatably mounted on an arm and oriented at a horizontal angle to create a disc furrow. The scraper body has an attachment body portion adapted to be attached to the furrow opener assembly such that a forward scraping edge of the scraper body scrapes soil from the disc face. A wing member extends from a lower rear portion of the scraper body, and has a top wing member edge oriented in alignment with the disc furrow and with the operating travel direction. Right and left wings extending downward and outward from the top wing member edge to bottom wing edges located above a bottom edge of the disc such that in operation the wings push soil to corresponding right and left sides of the disc furrow to create right and left wing furrows.

Abstract: A scraper assembly for removing mud and moist soil from the gauge wheels of an agricultural planter includes a support rod attached to a hub of a gauge wheel arm, a clamp structure attached to an end portion of the support rod, and a scraper blade attached to the clamp structure. An axis of the end portion of the support rod is approximately perpendicular to and intersects with an axis of rotation of the gauge wheel. The scraper blade is mounted approximately perpendicular to the outer surface of the gauge wheel and is angled approximately 45 degrees from the sides of the gauge wheel. The scraper blade has a curved profile along its length that substantially matches an outer profile of the outer surface of the gauge wheel when the scraper blade is properly adjusted.

Abstract: A debris assembly for use with a mobile agricultural device is provided. The debris assembly may include a debris member and an attachment bracket. The debris member may substantially prevent debris from accumulating on the disc of the mobile agricultural device. The debris member may be adjustable as a single component relative to the disc to accommodate various soil conditions. The debris member may be removable from the attachment bracket.

Abstract: A debris assembly for use with a mobile agricultural device is provided. The debris assembly may include a debris member, a liquid injector member, and an attachment bracket. The debris member may substantially prevent debris from accumulating on the disc of the mobile agricultural device. The debris member may be adjustable as a single component relative to the disc to accommodate various soil conditions. The debris member may be removable from the attachment bracket. The injector member is mounted to be separately adjustable from the debris member.

Abstract: A scraper for removing accumulated soil from the wheel of a planter, the scraper comprising: a scraper arm having a first end and a second end, the first end being adapted for attachment to an axle mounted to the frame of the planter, and the second end for carrying a scraper blade, wherein the scraper arm is sized and shaped so that when the first end of the scraper arm is attached to the axle, the second end can present the scraper blade to the ground-contacting surface of the wheel so as to remove accumulated soil from the wheel.

Abstract: A furrow opener is operable as part of a nonsingulating air seeder and includes a rotatable disc to open a furrow. The opener also includes a vented seed catch pan positioned adjacent one side of the disc. The catch pan is operably coupled to a seed conduit of the air seeder to receive seed in a pressurized air stream from the seed conduit. The catch pan presents a seed inlet configured to receive seed from the seed conduit, a seed outlet positioned to deposit the seed within the furrow, and an elongated chamber extending between the inlet and outlet. The catch pan presents multiple vents spaced between the inlet and outlet, with the vents allowing pressurized air flow to escape from the chamber to ambient without passing through the outlet.

Abstract: A scraper assembly for removing mud and moist soil from the gauge wheels of an agricultural planter includes a support rod attached to a hub of a gauge wheel arm, a clamp structure attached to an end portion of the support rod, and a scraper blade attached to the clamp structure. An axis of the end portion of the support rod is approximately perpendicular to and intersects with an axis of rotation of the gauge wheel. The scraper blade is mounted approximately perpendicular to the outer surface of the gauge wheel and is angled approximately 45 degrees from the sides of the gauge wheel. The scraper blade has a curved profile along its length that substantially matches an outer profile of the outer surface of the gauge wheel when the scraper blade is properly adjusted.

Abstract: A residue clearing apparatus for a shank of an agricultural implement includes a spoked wheel adapted for attachment to the implement such that the spoked wheel rotates about a wheel axis oriented substantially horizontal and perpendicular to an operating travel direction of the implement and forward of the shank. A drive is operative to rotate the spoked wheel. The spoked wheel is oriented such that ends of spokes of the spoked wheel pass above the ground forward of the shank, and such that the ends of the spokes of the spoked wheel pass adjacent to a front face of the shank. The spokes may be resiliently or pivotally mounted to the wheel.

Abstract: A planting unit for depositing fertilizer and seed in a single pass, double shoot manner includes a rotating disc that cuts a furrow in a planting surface and a trailing seed boot, having a cutting edge, that cuts a vertically and horizontally offset trench in the furrow to form a seed bed in the planting surface. The disc has a mounting frame for mounting the disc to a linkage assembly that is, in turn, coupled to a toolbar mount. The seed boot is also attached to the mounting frame. This common attachment provides a relatively short and compact device without sacrificing fertilizer and seed stratification.

Abstract: A planting unit for depositing fertilizer and seed in a single pass, double shoot manner includes a rotating disc that cuts a furrow in a planting surface and a trailing seed boot, having a cutting edge, that cuts a vertically and horizontally offset trench in the furrow to form a seed bed in the planting surface. The disc has a mounting frame for mounting the disc to a linkage assembly that is, in turn, coupled to a toolbar mount. The seed boot is also attached to the mounting frame. This common attachment provides a relatively short and compact device without sacrificing fertilizer and seed stratification.

Abstract: A track roller frame cleaning mechanism is provided. The track roller frame cleaning mechanism includes a linkage configured to pivotally attach to a rotating track member and means for cleaning a surface of the track roller frame coupled to the linkage.

Abstract: A row planter assembly comprising: a frame; an opening disk rotatably mounted to the frame; and a gauge wheel rotatably mounted to the frame and disposed alongside, but spaced from, the opening disk so as to create a narrow gap therebetween; wherein the gauge wheel comprises at least one opening in the side wall thereof so as to permit soil to pass from the gap located between the opening disk and the gauge wheel to the region outside of the gauge wheel.

Abstract: A planting unit for depositing fertilizer and seed in a single pass, double shoot manner includes a rotating disc that cuts a furrow in a planting surface and a trailing seed boot, having a cutting edge, that cuts a vertically and horizontally offset trench in the furrow to form a seed bed in the planting surface. The disc has a mounting frame for mounting the disc to a linkage assembly that is, in turn, coupled to a toolbar mount. The seed boot is also attached to the mounting frame. This common attachment provides a relatively short and compact device without sacrificing fertilizer and seed stratification.

Abstract: A ground opener that is allowed to caster in one direction is associated with a pair of arms connected by a pivot connection that allows one arm to move relative to the other arm. The movable arm is forced against the stationary arm when the ground opener impacts the soil as the ground opener is pulled along a relatively straight travel path. When the ground opener is turned radially from the straight travel path, the movable arm may cast away from the stationary arm. The disc opener is coupled to the movable arm through a central hub and, as such, the trailing edge of the disc opener will move away from the stationary arm as the disc opener is turned. When the disc opener has completed the turn, the torque on the disc opener will lessen thereby allowing the movable arm to move back toward the stationary arm.

Abstract: A single arm row cleaner unit mountable to a grain drill opener arm includes a row cleaner arm and a mounting saddle. The mounting saddle is generally configured for attachment to a main arm of a furrow forming assembly. A row cleaner arm may be pivotally attached to the mounting saddle about a mandrel, and a row cleaner wheel may be pivotally mounted to the row cleaner arm. A biasing member may be positioned adjacent the mandrel to engage the row cleaner arm and a biasing member retainer, which may be affixed to the mounting saddle. A deflector may be positioned adjacent the row cleaner wheel and biased there against. A connector and lever arm may be used to communicate forces from a closing wheel arm to the row cleaner wheel for adequate clearance of the row cleaner wheel during transport of the grain drill.

Abstract: A turf roller includes a water filled, cylindrical roller drum with smoothed hemispherical ends adapted to eliminate sharp edges of a regular cylinder. The roller drum is suspended from a roller frame having a towing tongue and bracing attached. A heavy duty front scrapper blade is disposed along the length of the front of the drum to scrape mud and debris from the rolling surface of the drum. A second, rear scrapper blade and a grass catching basket are disposed along the length of the rear of the drum to scrape and retain grass clippings from the rolling surface of the drum. High speed transport wheels are extendable by a hydraulic system and mechanical linkages to lift the roller from the turf surface for high speed transport. The high speed transport wheels are retractable above the surface for low speed turf rolling operations. The hydraulic system is preferably operated remotely by a tow vehicle operator.

Abstract: A planting unit for depositing fertilizer and seed in a single pass, double shoot manner includes a rotating disc that cuts a furrow in a planting surface and a trailing seed boot, having a cutting edge, that cuts a vertically and horizontally offset trench in the furrow to form a seed bed in the planting surface. The disc has a mounting frame for mounting the disc to a linkage assembly that is, in turn, coupled to a toolbar mount. The seed boot is also attached to the mounting frame. This common attachment provides a relatively short and compact device without sacrificing fertilizer and seed stratification.

Abstract: A coulter assembly is provided that includes a torsion spring configured to maintain a substantially constant contact force between a scraper and a coulter disk sufficient to remove accumulated soil despite wearing of the scraper and/or coulter disk. In an exemplary embodiment, the coulter assembly includes a scraper having a blade and an arm. The blade is disposed adjacent to a soil engaging portion of the coulter disk, and the arm is rotatably coupled to the coulter assembly and extends along a substantially straight path to the blade. A torsion spring is disposed about a rotational axis of the arm and configured to rotationally bias the blade toward the coulter disk by applying a torque between the coulter assembly and the arm. This configuration obviates manual adjustment of the scraper relative to the coulter disk, thereby reducing maintenance costs and operational delays.

Abstract: An adjustable scraper assembly for clearing mud and trash from the gauge wheel tires of an agricultural planter includes a support rod connected to the planter, a clamp assembly attached to the support rod, and a scraper blade attached to the clamp assembly. The clamp assembly has first and second clamping blocks that function together to allow pivotal adjustment of the scraper blade relative to the support rod about three nonparallel axes of rotation and sliding adjustment along at least one linear direction relative to the support rod. The support rod is attached to the planter using a third clamping block clamped to the hub of a gauge wheel arm. The third clamping block can be used to provide an additional adjustment of the support rod relative to the gauge wheel arm.

Abstract: The present planter unit, and planter implements using the present planter unit, include first and second discs and first and second pathways. The first and second discs may be generally planar and in a non-overlapping relation. As the planter unit is towed through a field, the first disc creates a first trench in the seedbed and the first pathway deposits a first material in the first trench. Subsequently, the second disc creates a second trench which is continuous with the first trench and partially fills the first trench. A second material is deposited in the second trench by the second pathway.

Abstract: A scraper system to remove and deflect debris and soil from a disc gang mounted on an agricultural implement is provided. The scraper system includes a mounting bracket member supported at a common axle in support of the disc gang. The mounting bracket member is aligned generally parallel to and located forward of the common axle, and is mounted at a forward end of an elongated carry member supported from the common axle. The elongated carry member is generally aligned perpendicular relative to the common axle. A scraper blade is supported by a scraper arm mounted at the mounting bracket member and is located above the common axle. The location of the scrapper blade and the scraper arm allows a deflector plate to be located at the rearward end of the carry member.

Abstract: A scraper for a single-disc opener air seeder, comprising a mounting bracket, scraper attachment member, scraper plate, scraper edge containment member, scraper edge, bolt, spring, and nut, wherein the scraper attachment member is attached to the mounting bracket by the bolt, wherein the mounting bracket comprises a main surface, wherein the bolt comprises a top end, wherein the nut is screwed onto the top end of the bolt, wherein the spring lies between the main surface of the mounting bracket and the nut on the top end of the bolt, wherein the scraper attachment member is connected to the scraper plate, wherein the scraper plate is connected to the scraper edge containment member, and wherein the scraper edge containment member is connected to the scraper edge. Two different embodiments of the mounting bracket for installation on the seed/fertilizer boot and depth wheel sides of the opener disc.

Abstract: A furrow opener apparatus comprises a disc rotatably attached to the apparatus such that when the disc engages the ground, a furrow is formed adjacent to a trailing face of the disc. A scraper has a scraper blade oriented substantially parallel to the trailing face of the disc, and mounted such that the scraper blade is oriented in close proximity to or touching a lower portion of the trailing face adjacent to an outer edge of the disc. The scraper is adjustably attached to the apparatus such that the scraper blade can be moved inward along the trailing face of the disc as the disc wears while being maintained substantially parallel to the trailing face of the disc and in close proximity to or touching the trailing face of the disc. A delivery tube for agricultural material can be attached to the apparatus so that it moves in conjunction with the scraper, and the scraper can be biased against the face of the disc.

Abstract: A machine for controlling and eventually eradicating cactus and other succulent plants in farm and ranch pastures and other lands and land uses. This apparatus for mechanically controlling and eradicating cactus and other succulent plants uses a cutter deck on the machine to break off cactus pads near ground level. The tool uses a crushing rail to crush and mangle cactus pads and large portions of other succulents increasing the probability that the plant parts will not reroot. The machine in its preferred embodiment is towed by a tractor or other vehicle. A preferred embodiment includes a ballast rail to increase the weight of the tool and enhance the crushing action and a chain tow bridle to attach the tool to the towing vehicle. Another preferred embodiment includes a loop forming bolt to hold the bridle.

Abstract: A coulter assembly has a resilient spring tine that bears against the compression face of the angled coulter during field operations to remove dirt clumps that otherwise inhibit the furrow-forming action of the coulter. A special spring coil mounting of the tine provides a lively vibratory action as the tine encounters various impact loads from different directions during field operations, thus rendering the tine essentially self-cleaning insofar as trash accumulations are concerned. The angle of attack of the tine relative to the ground and the coulter can be readily adjusted without diminishing the vibratory action of the tine.

Abstract: The present disc opener assembly for a seed planter is for a single disc opener arrangement and is embodied in several embodiments. FIGS. 1 and 1a illustrate two embodiments of the present disc opener assembly the specifics of each will be described below. Referring now to FIGS. 1, 1a and 2, there is illustrated a disc opener assembly (10) mounted on a tool bar (7) connected to a work vehicle (5) for opening a seed trench (8) in the ground upon which the vehicle (5) moves. A main arm (12) is attached to the tool bar (7) with a disc (14) mounted for rotation on the main arm (12). A depth adjustment mechanism (40) is used to adjust the depth of the disc (14) in the seed trench (8) with a seed placement device (70) positioned in the seed trench (8) for depositing a seed (71) in the seed trench (8). The seed trench (8) having been opened by the disc (14) as the work vehicle (5) moves across the ground.

Abstract: The present disc opener assembly for a seed planter is for a single disc opener arrangement and is embodied in several embodiments. FIGS. 1 and 1a illustrate two embodiments of the present disc opener assembly the specifics of each will be described below. Referring now to FIGS. 1, 1a and 2, there is illustrated a disc opener assembly (10) mounted on a tool bar (7) connected to a work vehicle (5) for opening a seed trench (8) in the ground upon which the vehicle (5) moves. A main arm (12) is attached to the tool bar (7) with a disc (14) mounted for rotation on the main arm (12). A depth adjustment mechanism (40) is used to adjust the depth of the disc (14) in the seed trench (8) with a seed placement device (70) positioned in the seed trench (8) for depositing a seed (71) in the seed trench (8). The seed trench (8) having been opened by the disc (14) as the work vehicle (5) moves across the ground.

Abstract: A scraper is disposed aft of and in closely spaced relation to a gauge wheel such as attached to an agricultural implement as in a planter row unit to remove soil from the wheel as the implement traverses a field. Maintaining the gauge wheel free of soil ensures proper height of the implement relative to the soil surface. The scraper includes a flat plate adjustably attached to a mounting assembly which allows for spacing between the plate and periphery of the gauge wheel to be adjusted as the plate wears with use. A leading edge of the plate disposed immediately adjacent the gauge wheel is contoured to closely match the gauge wheel contour for efficient soil removal. The mounting assembly includes a gauge wheel arm and a scraper arm rigidly coupled together at respective ends thereof and pivotally mounted to the implement where the two arms are connected together.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved apparatus for maintaining tooth rotating wheels, which are used to penetrate the soil either as a cultivating apparatus, a row cleaning apparatus, or as closing apparatus for row planters free of mulch, trash, dirt and/or rocks. By removing the debris from the space between the teeth on the wheel, the wheel can penetrate the soil to a controlled or desired depth as set by the operator. Debris between the wheels can limit the depth of penetration by the formation of a solid or semi-solid mass generally resembling of variable rim diameter. The wheels may be driven by a power mechanism or may be rotated by the penetration in the ground and the forward motion of a propulsion unit.The toothed wheel is kept clean of debris, thereby allowing accurate depth penetration as determined by conditions and requirements.

Abstract: A scraper is provided for use on depth gauge wheels provided on planters for row crops such as corn, soybeans, cotton, beans, peanuts and the like. The scraper includes a scraper blade which is mounted at one end portion of an elongated arm for contacting the outer circumference of the depth gauge wheel. The other end of the arm is mounted by a bearing assembly to a hub provided on the depth gauge wheel. The bearing assembly is mounted coaxially with the axis of rotation of the wheel so that the arm remains stationary as the wheel rotates. In addition, the scraper blade remains in contact with the wheel as the wheel is moved in vertical and fore-and-aft directions. A support bolt is also received within an elongated opening presented by a U-shaped member mounted at the free end portion of the scraper arm to stabilize and reduce unnecessary movement of the scraper arm.

Abstract: A mud scraper assembly includes a scraper blade mounted on the lower end of a scraper arm which in turn has a clamp at its upper end mounted on the sleeve of a depth gauge wheel support arm. No alteration of existing planter structure is required for adapting the mud scraper assembly to a Deere Max-Emerge planter and planters having generally the same structure. An adjustment screw is provided on the clamp for engaging the wheel support arm at a point remote to the shaft axis on which it is mounted to pivot the scraper arm into close proximity with the depth gauge wheels as needed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the wheel assembly of mowers, particularly to mulching mowers. In the preferred embodiment, each wheel assembly includes a clearing disc sandwiched between a pair of support wheels. The support wheels support the weight of the lawn mower. The clearing disc clears accumulated grass from the wheel assembly by moving between the support wheels as the wheels rotate to clear away grass clippings. The clearing disc has an outside diameter that is greater than the outside diameter of the support wheels and is mounted between the wheels in such a way that the clearing disc continually moves upwardly as the mower is moved.

Abstract: The invention comprises an adjustable scraper device for scraping the disc blades of a grain drill. The device has a fixed mounting on the mounting for supporting the disc blades and a slidable mounting slidable along the fixed mounting to a selected adjusted position relative to the disc blade support mounting and the disc blades. Scrapers are mounted to the slidable mounting between the disc blades to be slid with the slidable mounting toward the center axis of the disc blades so that as the disc blade outer circumferential edge wears down, the scrapers, which act to scrape the disc blades, may be adjusted toward the center axis of the disc blades to keep the entire scraping portion of the scrapers within the confines of the outer circumferential edge of the disc blades, so that the scraping portion of the scraper will not wear on the outer edge of the disc blades and cause damage to the scraping portion of the scraper.

Abstract: A scraper device for clearing earth and other materials accumulated on ground working elements, such as discs of a plough. The scraper device is suspended from the frame and is free to swing toward the ground working element. When a layer of earth or other material has accumulated on the element, a blade on the device will engage the layer and bite into it, thereby removing the layer as rotation of the element continues. After the layer has been removed, the blade swings away from the element.

Abstract: A soil tilling machine comprising subsoil tilling members, known as subsoilers, which are drivable via a tractor's PTO around inclined upwardly directed axes. The subsoilers are each primarily constituted by a fowardly and downwardly inclined extending shaft. In front of the tilling members, coulter discs are arranged which cut trenches through which the subsoilers' shafts can move so that the subsoil is intensively worked and broken up while the surface of the soil is hardly disturbed. A roller wheel which controls the depth of the subsoilers is disposed to their rear. The subsoilers are supported by a frame which is hingedly attached to a frame portion having a rectangular trestle for coupling to a tractor's three-point hitch via a spring-loaded parallelogram arrangement which assists in permitting the subsoilers to lift automatically if they encounter obstructions.

Abstract: A packer roller for a soil cultivating implement constructed to perform a soil cultivating operation in addition to that performed by any other soil cultivating members of the implement, the roller comprising a plurality of groups or crowns of six tine-like or tooth-like projections spaced apart from one another at regular intervals along the roller's axis of rotation which are connected to a central tubular support of that roller. Each projection has a relatively sharp rear edge with respect to the roller's usual direction of rotation and, inward from the sharp edge, a relatively blunt leading edge relative to such direction so that it first penetrates into the soil relatively easily and then resists forward progress through the soil thus tending in a positive sense to produce rotation around the roller's axis of rotation. The projections are formed from pairs of shaped plates and each plate includes a sleeve surrounding the central tubular carrier of the roller.

Abstract: A clevis-shaped bracket including an A-frame is adapted for attachment to the three point hitch of a tractor. A roller supporting frame is mounted within the bracket for articulated movement about the vertical axis of a pivot located within the hitch supported bracket to provide a short turning radius for tractor and attachment. The roller equipped frame includes a walled structure which serves as a water tank. A hydraulic cylinder is disposed intermediate the tractor hitch bar and the attachment in an inclined manner to bias the attachment downwardly to increase ground pressure. An adjustable frame is provided with telescopic beam members to mount rollers of increased length or other ground bearing instrumentalities.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for cleaning the interior of a digging bucket pivotally mounted on an articulated boom. The apparatus comprises a pair of struts pivotally mounted on a proximal segment of the articulated boom, a scraper mounted at the distal end of the struts, and means for pivoting the struts relative to the boom.

Abstract: A hand-held power driven cultivator incorporating a pair of ground working implements or tillers mounted on a pair of laterally spaced vertical shafts depending from a motor and drive train enclosing housing. The tillers are counter-rotated and include interdigitating tines which engage and move the earth forwardly. A barrier freely surrounds each tiller supporting and driving shaft, and completely encloses the shaft between the tiller and the overlying housing. A scraper blade is associated with each barrier and includes a scraping edge spaced slightly from the barrier so as to enhance the ability of the barrier to repel or prevent the accumulation of weeds, roots, debris, and the like. Support and manipulation of the housing is provided for by an elongated handle including an upper fixed hand grip and power switch, and a lower adjustable hand grip.

Abstract: A soil cultivating machine has a row of cultivating members journalled in an elongated frame portion. The rear of the machine is supported by elongated rollers positioned side-by-side and pivotable arms interconnect the lateral roller ends to rear plates on the frame portion. The arms and working level of the rollers are settable and beam supports extend from the plates upwardly and forwardly to an apex connection to a trestle top. The trestle is a coupling with points connectable to the three point lift of a tractor.

Abstract: A cultivating implement has a row of rotors that are driven to rotate about upwardly extending axes and an elongated roller with pins that project obliquely rearwardly, considering the normal direction of rotation of the roller. The roller is mounted on arms that are pivoted to the frame on pivots. On the rear ends of the arms, a carrier is pivoted and elongated scraper elements are mounted along the length of the carrier. The elements can be mounted in groups or single and extend forwardly and downwardly so that their forward end parts bear on the roller's surface between the pins. Gaps in the elements or between same allow the pins to pass during rotation of the roller. The carrier is interconnected with the arms by springs that bias the end parts into contact with the roller's surface.

Abstract: A tractor grader in which the tractor is lengthened by forwardly spacing the front wheels and having a grader blade mounted between the front and rear wheels. The blade is mounted on a lower turntable and supported adjacent an upper turntable plate by rollers engaging the lower turntable and supported by the upper plate of the turntable. The turntable plate is mounted on a frame universally pivoted at its forward end to the elongated chassis and at its rear by a pair of spaced lift rams.

Abstract: A cultivator has an elongated frame and a plurality of rotary soil working members mounted side-by-side in a row that extends transverse to the direction of travel. The soil working members have depending tines that rotate about upwardly extending shafts which are connected to horizontal supports for the tines. A screening element extends along the front of the frame and is displaceable relative to the frame via a pivoted arm and spring arrangement that biases the element to a position closely adjacent to the connections between the tines and their supports. The elements are connected to arms that are jack-knifed and pivoted to turn about an axis located above the frame. A rotary soil compressing member may be attached to the rear of the frame.