Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes disposing a gas-storage cylinder storing monochlorosilane within a gas supply unit. The monochlorosilane is supplied from the gas-storage cylinder into a process chamber to form a silicon containing layer therein. The gas-storage cylinder includes manganese.

Abstract: A drying roller includes at least a cylindrical cylinder shell, two caps which are attached to both sides of the cylinder shell, and two journals which are indirectly fastened to the caps by way of a hollow shaft which is connected to the caps or are directly fastened to the caps, wherein the cylinder shell and the caps are welded to one another by way of an annular weld seam. The weld seam has a joint having at least two mutually opposite and parallel flange regions which are mutually spaced apart. A method for manufacturing a drying roller is also described.

Abstract: A mobile diesel fuel refinery system comprise a particulate filter adapted to remove particulates from diesel fuel flowing through the diesel fuel conduction system, a water filter adapted to remove water from diesel fuel flowing through the diesel fuel conduction system following its passage through the particulate filter, a magnetic field of sufficient strength to further refine the diesel fuel flowing through the diesel fuel conduction system following its passage through the water filter, a catalyst injector configured to inject the catalyst from a catalyst tank into the diesel fuel flowing through the diesel fuel conduction system following its passage through the magnetic field, a dispensing conduit configured to conduct the diesel fuel from the diesel fuel refinement apparatus following injection of the catalyst.

Abstract: A drying roller includes at least a cylindrical cylinder shell, two caps which are attached to both sides of the cylinder shell, and two journals which are indirectly fastened to the caps by way of a hollow shaft which is connected to the caps or are directly fastened to the caps, wherein the cylinder shell and the caps are welded to one another by way of an annular weld seam. The weld seam has a joint having at least two mutually opposite and parallel flange regions which are mutually spaced apart. A method for manufacturing a drying roller is also described.

Abstract: The disclosure discloses a reformer of a device for preparing hydrogen with methanol and water and a manufacture process thereof, relating to the device for preparing hydrogen with methanol and water technical field. The reformer of the device for preparing hydrogen with methanol and water includes a reforming housing, the reforming housing includes a stainless steel internal shell, a thermal insulation layer and a mica external shell from inside to outside in sequence, a ratio of a diameter of the reforming housing to a thickness of the stainless steel internal shell is 150:0.8˜150:2.5, a ratio of the diameter of the reforming housing to a thickness of the thermal insulation layer is 150:10˜150:20, a ratio of the diameter of the reforming housing to a thickness of the mica external shell is 150:1.5˜150:3.5. Advantages of the disclosure include thermal preservation, high strength, corrosion resistance, lightweight, etc.

Abstract: The present invention relates, in general, to the purification of boron trichloride (BCl3). More particularly, the invention relates to a process for minimizing silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4) formation in BCl3 production and/or the removal of SiCl4 in BCl3 product stream by preventing/minimizing the silicon source in the reaction chambers. In addition, a hydride material may be used to convert any SiCl4 present to SiH4 which is easier to remove. Lastly freeze separation would replace fractional distillation to remove SiCl4 from BCl3 that has been partially purified to remove light boilers.

Abstract: A mobile diesel fuel refinery system comprise a particulate filter adapted to remove particulates from diesel fuel flowing through the diesel fuel conduction system, a water filter adapted to remove water from diesel fuel flowing through the diesel fuel conduction system following its passage through the particulate filter, a magnetic field of sufficient strength to further refine the diesel fuel flowing through the diesel fuel conduction system following its passage through the water filter, a catalyst injector configured to inject the catalyst from a catalyst tank into the diesel fuel flowing through the diesel fuel conduction system following its passage through the magnetic field, a dispensing conduit configured to conduct the diesel fuel from the diesel fuel refinement apparatus following injection of the catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method producing a portioned column by forming a first segment and a third segment into arcuate segments, and attaching these arcuate segments to a second z-shaped segment to from two contiguous volumes with approximately semi-circular cross-sections that combine to form a partitioned, approximately cylindrical segment.

Abstract: Systems and methods for extracting recoverable materials from source materials are provided. Source materials are introduced into a furnace. A condition is created within the furnace in which a gaseous pressure within the furnace is less than an atmospheric pressure outside of the furnace by removing air from within the furnace with a vacuum pump. Hydrocarbons contained within the source material are separated from the source material without using a significant amount of water by heating the source material to a temperature sufficient to cause the hydrocarbons to liquefy or vaporize. The liquefied hydrocarbons or vaporized hydrocarbons are then captured.

Abstract: A crude treatment system includes a primary and second distillation tower for treating crude containing corrosive material. The primary distillation tower fractionates first crude into a target fraction. The secondary distillation tower fractionates second crude having a corrosive material content greater than that of the first crude into a light fraction and a remaining heavy fraction. Corrosive material in the light fraction is insufficient to corrode the primary distillation tower. A light fraction supply line supplies the light fraction from the secondary distillation tower to the primary distillation tower for treatment. The secondary distillation tower and the supply line are made from a corrosion resistant material.

Abstract: The helical fractionating column according to the invention falls into the field of oil separation apparatus for the petroleum refining industry, which includes a column body (8), and is characterized in that the inside of the column body (8) is divided into three sections, the lower section being jet tray section, the middle section being packing section, and the upper section being floating valve section. The helical fractionating column has many advantages, such as having enhanced integrity of separation, decoloration and deodorization, simple structure, convenient manufacturing and maintenance, and low investment cost as well as high product quality etc. Thus, the present invention is worthy to be extended in the petroleum refining industry which uses waste plastics and rubbers as raw materials.

Abstract: A vacuum column for oil distillation incorporates a thickened plate that has a layer of erosion-resistant material that is thicker than the corrosion-resistant thickness of an adjacent column section. Use of thickened, explosive- or roll-bonded clad plates may provide better service than either conventional plug-welded liners or conventional shell plates with weld overlays.

Abstract: A process plant (1) for handling combustibles fluids, for example an oil production plant in which gaseous hydrocarbons are separated from oil and in which surplus gases or residual gases from uncontrolled build-ups of gas pressure in the process escape through process or safety valves in the plant and are conducted to a collection line (9). The surplus or residual gases are conducted via the collection line (9) to one or more low-pressure stores (2) and a connection line or return line (11, 3) is arranged from the store(s) (2) to the process or another treatment unit for processing the returned or collected fluid. The low-pressure store(s) can expediently comprise the crude oil or raw product store (2) of the process plant upstream of the process plant.

Abstract: A liquid distributor includes a principal container with a perforated bottom, as well as transport members to transmit, by gravity, the liquid from at least one opening in the perforated bottom, to a supply point not in vertical alignment with this opening.

Abstract: In a dividing wall column comprising as segments

Abstract: A dividing wall column for separating a mixture into 3 or more fractions by distillation is described, where at least one dividing wall is detachably attached within the dividing wall column.

Abstract: To compensate the bypassing, at the edges, of the liquid flowing downward in a distillation column, in order to achieve optimum mass transfer with the ascending vapor, a specific nonuniform distribution of the liquid trickling density over the column cross-section is established including the steps of establishing a nonuniform distribution of the liquid trickling density over the column cross-section in the distillation column and adjusting the liquid trickling density in the wall regions, said nonuniform distribution being achieved bya) arranging a number of outlet orifices or the diameter of the outlet orifices of a liquid distributor orb) arranging baffles in the stripping sections at height intervals from 0.1 to 2 m, in the case of dumped packings with baffles which project into the column space from the wall by about from 0.

Abstract: Gasses, water and solvents, major contaminants in used lubricating oils, can be removed from used lubricating oils at mild temperature conditions under vacuum. Apparatus in which the removal can take place includes a hollow vacuum separator vessel with a spray nozzle to spray an ultra fine spray of warm, used lubricating oil onto an angularly disposed thin film separator plate. In conjunction with the plate is a cooling device within the vacuum chamber. Cleaned oil can be passed from the bottom back into a holding tank, while water and solvents are drained out into a separate tank for safe disposal.

Abstract: A portable refinery including a refining vessel, a heater for providing heat to the refining vessel, dewatering devices, and a storage tank mounted on a skid which can be quickly and easily transported to a reservoir of petroleum or waste petroleum products to refine the petroleum or waste petroleum into diesel grade fuel at the reservoir.

Abstract: An automated top head cover and stem guide assembly adapted for covering a top opening in vertical vessels such as coking drums, and a method for remotely operating the assembly. The top head assembly includes a flanged connector unit attached pressure-tightly to a top flange opening of a coking drum, and a top cover device including a cover unit pivotally attached to the flanged connector unit, so that the top cover unit can be pivotally lifted and moved aside. A stem guide device is also pivotally attached to the flanged connector unit, so that a stem guide unit can be pivotally moved downwardly into place over the top flange unit opening, after a stem member is inserted into the vessel. Following coke removal from the drum, the stem member is withdrawn, the stem guide unit is pivotally moved upwardly, and the head cover unit is moved downwardly to cover the coking drum flanged connector unit. The invention also discloses method steps for operating the head cover and stem guide devices of the assembly.

Abstract: A draw-off device is disclosed for a vacuum distillation column in which device a layer of gutters is provided. A secondary wall is arranged in the gutters creating a heat-insulating layer to reduce the condensation of vapor passing along the outer walls of the gutters.

Abstract: A method for removing the volatile constituents from gasoline and volatile organic chemicals from contaminated potable water when a fluid including gasoline-water mixture and when contaminated potable water is introduced into a vertical tower includes the steps of flowing the gasoline-water fluid and the water downward in a tower over and in contact with media trays stacked in courses in the tower. The media trays, either circular or square, fit closely within the tower inner wall, such trays are aluminum or molded plastic frames one inch by one inch angles one-eighth inch thick, with a plurality of one and one-half inch wide slats one-quarter of an inch thick on the top of the frame; the slats being spaced apart not less than one-half inch nor more than three-quarters of an inch.

Abstract: An apparatus for cooling a hot product gas, the latter is passed through a tubular zone. The product gas contains particles which, on entering the tubular zone, are tacky, but lose their tackiness through cooling in said zone. Within said zone a cooling gas flow forms a gas wall, which prevents contact between the product gas or the tacky particles contained therein, and one of the fixed walls in the tubular zone. Thus within an outlet connection (2) forming the tubular zone is provided an anular insert (3), which forms a gap (4) with the outlet connection. A cooling gas is blown into this gap counter to the flow direction of the product gas. At the end of the insert, this cooling gas is deflected by the product gas and flows within the insert in the same direction as the product gas and protects the inner wall of the insert from the latter.

Abstract: Heat is removed from, or supplied to, a vertical pipe of any cross-section, whose internal temperature is above or below the ambient temperature and whose wall temperature must neither exceed nor fall below a predetermined temperature range, by a method in which, in order to maintain the predetermined temperature range, the pipe is provided with a coaxial sheath and gas is passed through the gap between the pipe and the sheath. The invention is particularly directed to maintaining a predetermined temperature range at the outer pipe wall of the vertically oriented, double walled pipes which connect the reaction sections with the collectors in a steam reformer.

Abstract: In a technique for recovering hydrocarbon values from a heavy hydrocarbon-water mixture, the mixture is first delivered through a sub-assembly to remove solid particulates. Then the mixture is delivered through a series of heat exchanger--kettle arrangements in which the mixture is heated above the boiling point of water. Some of the steam formed is allowed to escape through steam removal devices in the heat exchanger. The inside of the heat exchanger includes a plurality of discrete baffles which are unconnected to the heat exchanger and which can be readily removed therefrom. Heating of the mixture continues in the kettles where the bulk of the water is boiled off the mixture. A heavy hydrocarbon oil is recovered in the liquid outlet from the last kettle. The vapors boiled off are recovered and condensed to recover a light hydrocarbon oil and quite pure water.

Abstract: Apparatus for monitoring fluid condition in a fluid recovery system for removing water and solid contaminants from a fluid is disclosed. One aspect of the present invention relates to an improved fluid level indicator device for indicating and controlling the fluid level in a vacuum distillation chamber. A second aspect of the invention relates to an improved sight glass used for monitoring the condition of the cleaned fluid. The sight glass is a one-piece unit formed from a homogeneous, substantially transparent material. Both fluid level indicator and sight glass are designed to function individually or in combination in the severe environment and under the diverse operating conditions of the fluid recovery system.

Abstract: A fluid recovery system for removing water and solid contaminants from a fluid such a lubricant oil, coolant, and lubricating oils and the like for manufacturing operations is disclosed. A cylindrical vacuum vessel is provided with a centrally disposed cylindrical heating unit and a heat exchanger coil surrounding the heating unit, within the confines of the vacuum vessel. A water condensation trapping cover seal arrangement is provided for the top of the vessel. A cylindrical filter is disposed in surrounding relationship to the heating unit.

Abstract: An internal draw tray is added to the flash zone of a coker fractionator below the coker vapor inlet to collect condensed coke drum overhead components and to keep the condensed material separate from the fresh feed to the coker furnace.

Abstract: Rectangularly-shaped fluid distributors for large diameter, vertical vessels include reinforcers for high heat operation, vertical sides with gas distributing orifices and overhanging, sloped roofs. Devices are provided for cleaning the orifices from a buildup of solid deposits resulting from the reactions in the vessel.

Abstract: Improved method and apparatus for distributing a fluid, e.g., a liquid-vapor mixture, through a conduit, e.g., a tube in a direct fired heater, involving at least one reduction means located inside the conduit to abruptly reduce the inside cross-sectional area of the conduit available for flow of the fluid, provided that the inside cross-sectional area of the conduit is substantially the same both before and after the reduction means.

Abstract: A process, apparatus and control system for the fractionation of a hydrocarbon feed stream containing relatively nonvolatile impurities. A sidecut liquid stream which is substantially free of the impurities is withdrawn below the feed point. The liquid derived from the feed stream is confined to a first lateral half of the fractionation column to prevent the transfer of the nonvolatile impurities to the second lateral half from which the sidecut is removed. Liquid descending from above the feed point is collected and distributed between the two lateral halves of the column in response to temperature measurements taken in the two halves to thereby equalize liquid flow rates in the two halves. The flow of vapor between the two halves is not obstructed.

Abstract: A solvent extraction coal conversion process is provided wherein the effluent slurry product is subjected to vacuum distillation to yield distillate and extrudable still bottoms. The latter are removed from the vacuum still by means of an extrusion screw which is operatively associated with the still.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, overflash within a withdrawal zone of a complex fractionating column is monitored to provide a surprisingly useful control characteristic related to the efficiency (or lack thereof) of not only the fractionation column inself, but associated processes linked to the column. To accurately monitor the overflash, notched weir means including an upright wall means, is positioned at the intersection of the withdrawal tray and the downcomers connecting the former with a lower, adjacent fractionating tray. Differential pressure measuring means is also provided with sensing means in the vicinity of the notched weir means. In turn, the differential pressure measuring means is connected in series to a recording means located external of the column. Result: As overlimit swings in overflash occur, corrective action, say via a separate process controller means, can be quickly implemented to bring the system back to stable operations.

Abstract: In a deodorizing apparatus, at least the lower part of a column is surrounded at least partly by compartments which are not connected together, each compartment having means for supplying treatment fluid and means for discharging the treated material with separate control but opening into a common duct. The duct for discharging the treated material from the central column is divided into separate ducts the outlets of which open into the compartments and which are provided with separately-controlled means for carrying the material to the respective compartments.

Abstract: A portable skid mounted fully equipped topping plant for the distillation of gasoline and diesel fuel from crude oil feed, equipped with its own power supply, capable of producing its own electricity and power requirements, utilizing fuel processed from the crude feed, and designed for automatic operation and equipped with an automatic shut-down system.

Abstract: Petroleum coke slumping in a petroleum coking drum is reduced by the use of a petroleum coking drum comprising a) a generally cylindrical vessel having a principal diameter portion, an upper reduced diameter portion at an upper end of the vessel, an upper reducing diameter portion extending from a lower end of the upper reduced diameter portion to an upper end of the principal diameter portion, a lower reduced diameter portion at a lower end of the vessel and a lower reducing diameter portion extending from an upper end of the lower reduced diameter portion to a lower end of the principal diameter portion; b) a top head removably positionable to close the upper reduced diameter portion; c) a bottom head removably positionable to close the lower reduced diameter portion; and d) a plurality of restraining bars positioned around an inner circumference of the lower reduced diameter portion.