Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing and purifying 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene using a first composition comprising 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene, 3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1243zf), and trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (1234ze-E), said method comprising the steps of: (a) bringing said first composition into contact with at least one organic extraction agent in order to form a second composition; (b) extractive distillation of said second composition in order to form (i) a third composition comprising said organic extraction agent, 3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1243zf), and trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (1234ze-E), and (ii) a stream comprising the 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene; and (c) recovery and separation of said third composition in order to form a stream comprising said organic extraction agent and a stream comprising 3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1243zf) and trans-1,3,3,3-tetra-fluoro-1-propene (1234ze-E).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for purifying 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (1234yf) using a first composition comprising 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene, 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane (245cb) and trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (1234ze-E), said method comprising the steps of: (a) bringing said first composition into contact with at least one organic extraction agent in order to form a second composition; (b) extractive distillation of said second composition in order to form a third composition comprising said organic extraction agent and trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (1234ze-E), and a stream comprising the 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene and the 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane (245cb); and (c) recovery and separation of said third composition in order to form a stream comprising said organic extraction agent and a stream comprising the trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (1234ze-E). The invention also relates to a method for producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a method of continuous recovery of (meth)acrylic acid and an apparatus used for the continuous recovery method. The continuous recovery method of (meth)acrylic acid according to the present invention may maintain a recovery rate of (meth)acrylic acid equivalent to that of the previous recovery method, and yet may significantly reduce energy consumption, and may minimize polymerization of (meth)acrylic acid in the recovery process, thus providing more improved operation stability.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a process for purifying isocyanate-comprising residues.

Abstract: A process for recovering butanol from a mixture of a water-immiscible organic extractant, water, butanol, and optionally a non-condensable gas, is provided. The butanol is selected from 1-butanol, isobutanol, and mixtures thereof. An overhead stream from a first distillation column is decanted into two liquid phases. The wet butanol phase is refined in a second distillation column; the aqueous phase is returned to the first distillation column. A portion of the wet butanol phase from the decanter is also returned to the first distillation column. The extractant may be C7 to C22 fatty alcohols, C7 to C22 fatty acids, esters of C7 to C22 fatty acids, C7 to C22 fatty aldehydes, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A process for recovering butanol from a mixture of a water-immiscible organic extractant, water, butanol, and optionally a noncondensable gas, is provided. The butanol is selected from 1-butanol, isobutanol, and mixtures thereof An overhead stream from a first distillation column is decanted into two liquid phases. The wet butanol phase is returned to the first distillation column as reflux. A bottom stream from the first distillation column is refined in a second distillation column to obtain a second overhead stream and a second bottoms stream. The extractant may be C7 to C22 fatty alcohols, C7 to C22 fatty acids, esters of C7 to C22 fatty acids, C7 to C22 fatty aldehydes, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Systems and methods for separating an alcohol, and in particular butanol, from a fermented feed and concentrating thin stillage into syrup includes operation of one or more alcohol recovery distillation columns using the heat supplied by steam generated from concentration of the thin stillage in a multi-train, multi-effect evaporation system.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for purifying HFO-1234yf by removing HF from a mixture of HFO-1234yf and HF under simple and economically advantageous conditions.

Abstract: A method for recovering acetic acid from an aqueous feed stream containing acetic acid and, in particular, a stream generated during terephthalic acid production includes feeding a water-rich feed stream to a liquid-liquid extraction column, which includes a guard bed near the top thereof for conversion of alcohol within the feed stream by reaction with acetic acid to the corresponding ester, and removing residual water from acetic acid in an azeotropic distillation column by feeding water-poor feed streams from the extraction column to the distillation column at a height at which the mixture has a similar water concentration. The liquid-liquid extraction column produces an extract of an extraction solvent and acetic acid which is sent to the azeotropic distillation column to separate residual water and acetic acid.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for purifying HFO-1234yf by removing HF from a mixture of HFO-1234yf and HF under simple and economically advantageous conditions.

Abstract: The invention disclosed relates to an apparatus and method for recovering acetic acid from an aqueous feed stream containing acetic acid, in particular a stream generated during terephthalic acid production. The apparatus includes: a liquid-liquid extraction column to which water-rich feed streams are fed, having a guard bed situated near the top and within the extraction column for conversion by reaction with acetic acid of alcohol within the mixture to the corresponding ester; and an azeotropic distillation column to remove residual water from acetic acid, to which water-poor feed streams are fed directly at a height of the azeotropic distillation column at which the mixture therein has a similar water concentration. The liquid-liquid extraction column produces an extract comprising an extraction solvent and acetic acid which is sent to the azeotropic distillation column to separate residual water and acetic acid.

Abstract: An energy-efficient extractive distillation process for producing anhydrous ethanol from aqueous/ethanol feeds containing any range of ethanol employs an extractive distillation column (EDC) that operates under no or greatly reduced liquid reflux conditions. The EDC can be incorporated into an integrated process for producing anhydrous ethanol used for gasoline blending from fermentation broth. By using a high-boiling extractive distillation solvent, no solvent, is entrained by the vapor phase to the EDC overhead stream, even under no liquid reflux conditions. The energy requirement and severity of the EDC can be further improved by limiting ethanol recovery in the EDC. In this partial ethanol recovery design, ethanol which remains in the aqueous stream from the EDC is recovered in a post-distillation column or the aqueous stream is recycled to a front-end pre-distillation column where the ethanol is readily recovered since the VLE curve for ethanol/water is extremely favorable for distillation.

Abstract: An azeotropic distillation method, comprising a reaction step, a distillation step for separating and refining a reaction product, and a recovery step for collecting a reactant after the distillation step; wherein at least one component constituting the reactant in the reaction step can act as an entrainer for the azeotropic distillation in the distillation step; and a portion of the reactant capable of acting as the entrainer is supplied to the distillation step.

Abstract: A process recovers of pyridine and/or its derivatives from their aqueous mass and/or manufacturing reaction mass by liquid-liquid extraction employing an alkyl acetate. The process further involves effective recovering and recycling of solvents from the aqueous phase and other waste obtained during the process.

Abstract: An energy-efficient extractive distillation process for producing anhydrous ethanol from aqueous/ethanol feeds containing any range of ethanol employs an extractive distillation column (EDC) that operates under no or greatly reduced liquid reflux conditions. The EDC can be incorporated into an integrated process for producing anhydrous ethanol used for gasoline blending from fermentation broth. By using a high-boiling extractive distillation solvent, no solvent is entrained by the vapor phase to the EDC overhead stream, even under no liquid reflux conditions. The energy requirement and severity of the EDC can be further improved by limiting ethanol recovery in the EDC. In this partial ethanol recovery design, ethanol which remains in the aqueous stream from the EDC is recovered in a post-distillation column or the aqueous stream is recycled to a front-end pre-distillation column where the ethanol is readily recovered since the VLE curve for ethanol/water is extremely favorable for distillation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing 1-butenic fractions having less than 2000 ppm of isobutene in relation to 1-butene from technical mixtures of C4 hydrocarbons I which contain at least 1-butene and 2000 ppmw to 8% by mass of isobutene based on the 1-butene, with or without n-butane, isobutane and/or 2-butenes.

Abstract: Crude chlorosilane streams containing lower-boiling chlorosilanes and higher-boiling chlorosilanes are separated by contacting them with a distillation aid. The lower-boiling chlorosilanes are separated from the crude chlorosilane stream, and then the distillation aid and the higher-boiling chlorosilanes are separated from one another. The distillation aid is a mono-cyano-substituted organic compound, a nitro-substituted organic compound, a mono-cyano-substituted organosilicon compound, a nitro-substituted organosilicon compound, or a mixture thereof. These distillation aids increase the relative volatility of crude chlorosilane streams such as methyltrichlorosilane and dimethyldichlorosilane resulting in improved separation at lower capital and/or fixed costs.

Abstract: A formaldehyde-containing product is separated from a formalin solution containing formaldehyde, water, and methanol by distilling in the presence of a water entraining compound, especially methyl propionate or methyl methacrylate. The product contains substantially less water than in the solution and may be used, for example, in a further process which requires a source of formaldehyde containing a relatively low level of water, for example, the catalyzed reaction of methy propionate with formaldehyde and methanol to produce methyl methacrylate.

Abstract: A process for the separation of dichlorobenzene mixtures containing m- and p-dichlorobenzene in which: (i) the mixture is as an extracting agent contacted with a phosphoric ester of the general formula (I) as an extracting agent in which R1, R2 and R3 are identical or different and represent an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alkyl or alkenyl radical and R1, R2, and R3 together contain at least 3C-atom and not more than 12 C-atoms, or a mixture of different phosphoric esters (I) of formula or is contacted with a phosphine oxide of the general formula (II) as an extracting agent in which R1, R2 and R3 are identical or different and represent an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alkyl or alkenyl radical or hydrogen, and R1, R2 and R3 together contain at least 3 C-atoms and not more than 12 C-atoms, or a mixture of different phosphine oxides of formula (II) or a mixture of said phosphoric esters of formula (I) and phosphine oxides of formula (II), and subsequently (ii) the components of the mixture are

Abstract: A method for dehydrating an aqueous composition comprising lithium bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide and at least one organic solvent, wherein a part of solvent is distilled off by distillation.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and a process for the preparation of anhydrous or substantially anhydrous formic acid. This apparatus is constructed partly or entirely of substantially zirconium-free materials. The extractant employed is a liquid of the general formula I where the radicals R1 and R2 are alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl groups, or R1 and R2 jointly, together with the N atom, form a heterocyclic 5- or 6-membered ring, and only one of the radicals is an aryl group, and where R3 is hydrogen or a C1–C4-alkyl group. The apparatus has a synthesis reactor (6), a hydrolysis reactor (1), three distillation devices (2,4,5) and an extraction device (3).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for continuously producing an alkyl aryl ether and a diaryl carbonate by reacting a dialkyl carbonate and an aromatic alcohol in presence of a transesterification catalyst.

Abstract: A distillation system and method for recovering acetic acid from a feed stream containing acetic acid and water stream generated during terephthalic acid production. The invention includes a dehydration column utilizing azeotropic distillation to recover the acetic acid in conjunction with a condenser system to recover the energy.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for producing purified N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone free of odorous components. The method is composed of distilling with a distillation column a liquid, which is formed by adding to an odorous components-containing liquid having a N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone purity of not lower than 90 wt %, a compound having boiling point lower than that of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, and whereby removing the odorous components together with said low-temperature boiling compound as the distillate.

Abstract: A method for distilling a raw material liquid containing (meth)acrylic acid substantially free from azeotropic solvents, collected with a collection agent from a mixed gas obtained by gas phase catalytic oxidation reactions which includes feeding to a distillation column the raw material liquid which temperature is substantially equal to that of the entrance place in the column.

Abstract: A process for the separation of dichlorobenzene mixtures containing m- and p-dichlorobenzene by means of extractive rectification using an extracting agent is described.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for stabilising acrylic monomers in a distillation column, comprising the following steps: adding at least a stabilising agent for acrylic monomers having a total concentration in the liquid phase ranging between 1 ppm and 5000 ppm; injecting oxygen in the distillation column with a O2/organic vapour mol ratio ranging between 0.01% and 1%; adding a metal sequestering agent having a concentration in the liquid phase ranging between 0.1 and 1000 ppm.

Abstract: The preparation of a carboxylic ester by direct reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol catalyzed by a sulphonic acid R—SO3H is carried out in the presence of a solid comprising tertiary amine functions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a distillation system and method for recovering acetic acid from a feed stream containing acetic acid and water stream generated during terephthalic acid production. The invention includes a dehydration column utilizing azeotropic distillation to recover the acetic acid in conjunction with a condenser system to recover the energy. The dehydration column operates with a pressure of at least 1.2 kg/cm2 abs. or higher pressure at the top of the column. The condenser system is a steam generator that condenses the vapor into a concentrated acetic acid stream while generating a low pressure steam of 0.6-2.0 kg/cm abs.

Abstract: A method of recovering acrylic acid from a mixture comprising acrylic acid, water and acetic acid is disclosed, which includes:

Abstract: A method of recovering acrylic acid from a mixture comprising acrylic acid, water and acetic acid is disclosed, which includes: (a) extracting acrylic acid from the mixture with a solvent mixture comprising ethyl acrylate as the preponderant component thereof and an organic co-solvent selected from the group consisting of toluene, heptane, 1-heptene, methylcyclohexane, cycloheptane, cycloheptadiene, cycloheptatriene, 2,4-dimethyl-1,3 pentadiene, methylcyclohexene and methylenecyclohexene to form an extracted composition; and (b) azeotropically distilling the extracted composition to recover acrylic acid.

Abstract: A process for reducing the level(s) of water and/or other impurities from cyclosiloxanes by either azeotropic distillation, or by contacting the cyclosiloxane compositions with an adsorbent bed material. The purified cyclosiloxane material is useful for forming low-dielectric constant thin films having dielectric constants of less than 3.0, more preferably 2.8 to 2.0.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the recovery and purification of 3,4-epoxy-1-butene (epoxybutene) from mixtures comprising epoxybutene and aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons containing five to seven carbon atoms having boiling points between about 20° C. and 115° C. by means of extractive distillation of the epoxybutene using certain extractive distillation solvents.

Abstract: A process for separating water from methanol in an aqueous methanol initial mixture, comprising subjecting said mixture to azeotropic distillation in the presence of sufficient added methyl acrylate to form an azeotrope with most of the methanol in said initial mixture such that a substantial proportion of methanol in the initial mixture is removed as an azeotrope of methanol and methyl acrylate in the overhead vapors resulting from said distillation and a major proportion of water in said initial mixture is removed in the liquid residue of said distillation.

Abstract: A process for separating water from methanol in an aqueous methanol initial mixture, including subjecting said mixture to azeotropic distillation in the presence of sufficient added methyl acrylate to form an azeotrope with most of the methanol in said initial mixture such that a substantial proportion of methanol in the initial mixture is removed as an azeotrope of methanol and methyl acrylate in the overhead vapors resulting from said distillation and a major proportion of water in said initial mixture is removed in the liquid residue of said distillation.

Abstract: A formaldehyde-containing product is separated from a formalin solution containing formaldehyde, water and methanol by distilling the solution in the presence of a water entraining compound, especially methyl propionate or methyl methacrylate. The product contains substantially less water than in the solution and may be used, for example, in a further process which requires a source of formaldehyde containing a relatively low level of water, for example, the catalyzed reaction of methyl propionate with formaldehyde and methanol to produce methyl methacrylate.

Abstract: A high efficiency continuous process for the recovering high purity sterol mixtures from mixtures of neutral compounds obtained form black liquor soap skimings of the cellulose pulping industry or from tall oil pitch comprising the steps of distillation, crystallization and recirculation of the mother liquor residue.

Abstract: A method of removing water from wet organoborane by dissolving the wet organoborane in an organic solvent in which water is incompletely soluble, decanting any insoluble water, and distilling the organic phase to remove water which may be contained therein.

Abstract: A process for separating water from methanol in an aqueous methanol initial mixture, comprising subjecting said mixture to azeotropic distillation in the presence of sufficient added methyl acrylate to form an azeotrope with most of the methanol in said initial mixture such that a substantial proportion of methanol in the initial mixture is removed as an azeotrope of methanol and methyl acrylate in the overhead vapors resulting from said distillation and a major proportion of water in said initial mixture is removed in the liquid residue of said distillation.

Abstract: A process for separating a formaldehyde-containing product from a formalin solution comprising formaldehyde, water and methanol, wherein said formaldehyde-containing product contains substantially less water than said formalin solution, comprising distilling said formalin solution in the presence of a water entraining compound, especially methyl propionate or methyl methacrylate. The formaldehyde-containing product is suitable for use in a further process which requires a source of formaldehyde containing a relatively low level of water. One example of such a process is the reaction of methyl propionate with formaldehyde and methanol over a catalyst to produce methyl methacrylate.

Abstract: A method for distilling a raw material liquid containing (meth)acrylic acid substantially free from azeotropic solvents, collected with a collection agent from a mixed gas obtained by gas phase catalytic oxidation reactions which includes feeding to a distillation column the raw material liquid which temperature is substantially equal to that of the entrance place in the column.

Abstract: A process for the recovery and purification of cyclobutanone from a crude product mixture obtained from an oxidation product mixture resulting from the oxidation of cyclobutanol to cyclobutanone in the presence of water. The process provides for the recovery of cyclobutanone in a purity of at least 90 weight percent by a combination of distillation steps.

Abstract: A method of separating aromatic hydrocarbons and non-aromatic hydrocarbons, and aromatic hydrocarbons and naphtenes involves distilling a mixture of the components by an extractive distillation process in the presence of an extractive distillation solvent. The extractive distillation solvent may be an ester of a dibasic acid, an acetonyl acetone or morpholine.

Abstract: An organic isocyanate or mixture of isocyanates is treated with at least one high molecular weight ester of phosphoric acid corresponding to a specified formula to remove chlorine compounds. The isocyanates which are purified in this manner are useful for the production of coatings, polyurethane moldings and chemical intermediates.

Abstract: Aldehyde compounds contained in polycyclic diols as impurities are effectively removed by distilling the polycyclic diols in the presence of an alkali metal compound and/or a alkaline earth compound. The distilled polycyclic diols are useful as a diol component of a polymer such as polycarbonate with less yellowing.

Abstract: A method of separating methanol and dimethyl carbonate in a distillation column through extractive distillation. The extractive distillation is conducted in the presence of an extractive distillation agent which modifies the azeotropic behavior of the dimethyl carbonate/methanol mixture. A vapor side stream is removed from the distillation column.

Abstract: Crude (meth)acrylic acid is purified by a process in which a primary amine compound and an organic sulfonic acid are added to the crude (meth)acrylic acid and the latter is then worked up by distillation.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved process for producing ketorolac tromethamine. The preferred method utilizes a three-part solvent system, comprising isopropanol, ethyl acetate and water.

Abstract: A purification process of pentafluoroethane from a crude pentafluoroethane containing chloropentafluoroethane as a by-product by extractive distillation using an extracting reagent having a standard boiling point of from −10° C. to 100° C. and being selected from paraffinic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, esters, and ketones.

Abstract: A process for recovering hexamethylenediamine (I) from a mixture (II) including(I) hexamethylenediamine,(III) hexamethyleneimine,(IV) a compound selected from 2-aminomethylcyclopentylamine and 1,2-diaminocyclohexane,(V) an imine,(VI) adiponitrile and 6-aminocapronitrileincludes distilling(a) a mixture (II) to obtain(a1) a low boiling fraction (III),(a2) a medium boiling fraction (VII) (I), (IV) and (V), and(a3) a high boiling fraction (V) and (VI),(b) a mixture (VII) to obtain(b1) an overhead product (IV), and(b2) a mixture (VIII) (I) and (V) as bottom product, and(c) a mixture (VIII) to obtain(c1) (I) as overhead product, and(c2) a bottom product (V).