Abstract: A process for the separation of a mixture which contains benzyl chloride, benzyl alcohol, dibenzyl ether and aqueous hydrochloric acid, wherein said mixture is continuously introduced via a side-feed into a distillation column from which aqueous hydrochloric acid and benzyl chloride are continuously taken off as overhead product, benzyl alcohol and dibenzyl ether are continuously taken off as bottom product, thereby the formation of dibenzyl ether is reduced or virtually prevented.

Abstract: A process for reducing the COD of an aqueous stream containing methylhydroperoxide, cumylhydroperoxide and other organic impurities characterized in that the reduction of COD is obtained by eliminating the peroxides from the aqueous stream by column distillation.

Abstract: A water distillation system (10) includes a boiling chamber (11) and a condensation chamber (12). Water is fed via an inlet pipe (13) to a degassing chamber (15) where volatile gases are removed from the water. The water is evaporated in the boiling chamber (11) and vapour is, in turn, condensed in the condensing chamber (12). Distilled water is collected in a water storage tank (30) and is used, with a pump (28) and entrainment device (27), to provide a substantial vacuum within the system (10).

Abstract: A single vessel with no moving parts is constructed to perform the functions of coalescing, vacuum dehydration, and thin film evaporation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for separating 1,1-difluoroethane from its mixtures with hydrogen fluoride, in which the mixture is subjected to a distillation in a column operating at a pressure of less than 10 bar.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for stripping volatiles from a feed stream and concentrating the volatiles in the overhead vapors forming a condensate product and simultaneously producing a low percent volatiles outlet stream as a concentrate product. The volatiles separator and concentrator, ("VSC"), unit has many applications in the reduction and the concentration of voiatiles in the beverage, fuel, and industrial alcohol industries, as well as in chemical applications for removing or stripping volatiles from heat sensitive feed substrates which require low temperatures and a short residence time to prevent degradation of the product. For heat sensitive applications, the VSC unit utilizes a short feed stream preheat contact time in combination with turbulent high velocity flow to separate and concentrate volatile and nonvolatile components at temperatures below 100.degree. F. utilizing flash vaporization for volatiles separation with reboil capability to adjust volatiles concentration in the residue and product.

Abstract: A method of evaporating liquid from a liquid and solid solution in a container within a chamber involves moving the container in an orbital motion such that the solution forms a vortex configuration within the container and also involves directing gas into the container. The gas is directed into the container from a point source above the liquid in the container to decrease the partial pressure on the solution thereby increasing the evaporation rate of the liquid from the solution. To further increase evaporation of the liquid, heat may be applied to the container. The temperature within the chamber may be regulated by sensing the temperature within the chamber and controlling the application of heat to the container in response to the temperature sensed within the chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus for converting seawater or other contaminated water into pure water for reuse including: a source of the contaminated water; a first horizontal housing connected to the source of contaminated water and having a heat exchanger therein for vaporizing the contaminated water therein; a vertical housing connected to the distal end of the first horizontal housing for fluid communication therebetween; a second horizontal housing connected at its proximate end to the vertical housing for fluid communication therebetween, the second horizontal housing having a heat exchanger therein for condensing vapor therein; a weir vertically mounted in the first housing for retaining a portion of the contaminated water in the first housing and allowing the other portion of the contaminated water to pass through the heat exchange evaporator from the proximate to distal end of the first housing.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to minimize contamination in a furnace comprising placing a case to accommodate material to be heat treated in the furnace, forming a gas flow into the case from inside of the furnace, heating the work maintained in the case to evaporate organic matters contained in the work, evacuating the vapor containing the organic matter to the outside of the furnace through an internal evacuation duct provided through the furnace, liquefying the vapor containing the organic matters under reduced pressure by introducing same into a liquefying trap and thereafter continuously collecting these liquefied organic matters.

Abstract: System and method for treating toxic washwater from ink, paint, pesticides and the like. The wash water is heated to a temperature on the order of 100.degree. F. in a sump positioned beneath a bed of horse manure media containing aerobic fungi and bacteria. Washwater is foam lifted from the sump to a level above the media and allowed to filter down through the media. Hot dry air is blown into the media from the side to maintain the media at a temperature on the order of 100.degree. F. and thereby promote microbiological activity and evaporation of the water in the media. Warm moist air from the media is cooled to condense the moisture, and the condensed moisture is collected as distilled water. A prefilter removes excessive amounts of solids from the washwater before it is introduced into the sump, and a Carnot cycle system provides the necessary heating and cooling for the water, media and air.

Abstract: A process and a device are described for separating a solid residue, after separation, from a solution of the residue in evaporable materials and/or solvents with the addition of up to 20% by weight of high-boiling hydrocarbons that are inert under evaporation conditions of the evaporable materials, heating the mixture to evaporation temperature under vacuum, whereby the evaporable materials evaporate, are drawn off and condensed, and the residue is obtained as a free-flowing solid, the residue solution being introduced onto a stirred bed of granular solid material kept at the evaporation temperature.

Abstract: A vapor compression distillation system including a boiler/condenser assembly wherein a portion of the condensate is redirected back to the condenser inlet to extract superheat from the compressed vapor and transfer it to the liquid in the boiler. The vapor entering the condenser is reduced to a saturation condition to prevent heat build up in the condenser to improve heat transfer efficiency. When the temperature of the incoming feed water is within the operating range of the boiler/condenser assembly, the system is operated under vacuum sufficient to match the boiler temperature with the temperature of the incoming feed water so that no preheater or waste heat recovery exchanges are required.

Abstract: A recycling method for photographic processing waste liquid is disclosed. The photographic processing waste liquid is subjected to evaporative concentration under a reduced pressure of not higher than 700 mmHg and at a temperature of not higher than 90.degree. C. The resulting distillate is used as a solvent for photographic processing agents or as an evaporation compensator for processing tanks of an automatic processing machine.

Abstract: A method for recovering solvent vapor in a manner which requires less power using an apparatus which is smaller in size, has a longer life, and is capable of being operated without reducing recovering efficiency, including locating an inlet of a suction pipe at a position within the container between the liquid surface of the solvent and an upper edge of the container, wherein the opening of the suction pipe is open downward, and drawing the vapor from the upper surface of the solvent in the container.

Abstract: 1-aminopropanediol-2,3 containing 2-aminopropanediol-1,3 of less than 0.30% by weight can be prepared by the present purification process, which involves distilling a 1-aminopropanediol-2,3 containing at least 0.3% of 2-aminopropanediol-1,3 based on the weight of 1-aminopropanediol-2,3 using a distillation column, said distillation column having low pressure loss.

Abstract: A regenerating system, for the removal of water and potentially harmful organic constituents from a hydration fluid used to dehydrate natural gas. The system includes a device to assure positive flow of the water and organic constituent vapor out of the regenerator, to, in turn, control back pressure associated with the regenerator during the distillation process.

Abstract: A process for treating a solid food product having water soluble and water insoluble volatiles soluble in alcohol and ether. The process includes cutting the product into pieces, placing the product pieces in a volume of water containing an anti-oxidant, and drawing a vacuum on the product pieces in the water to pull air out of the cells of the product pieces. The vacuum is released to cause water, and the anti-oxidant to enter the cells of the product pieces. The product pieces are then heated to dry the pieces and to drive off a mixture of water vapor or steam and the water soluble and water insoluble volatiles. The mixture is directed through an adsorbent to remove the water soluble and water insoluble volatiles from the mixture by an adsorption. Steam is passed through the adsorbent to remove the water soluble volatiles from the adsorbent. Ethyl alcohol is passed through the adsorbent to remove the alcohol soluble, water insoluble volatiles from the adsorbent.

Abstract: A controlled bubble of cavitation is formed within the distilland by opposed centrifugal and centripetal forces in the plane of an afferent mesial passage. Thus a distilland surface forms around the axis of rotation, and saturated vapor is continuously stripped from this distilland surface by the work of a vapor pump, which also creates the centripetal force. The vapor vortex within this cavitation region ejects by centrifugal force whatever in it is denser than pure vapor, including any particles or droplets which may somehow become entrained in the vapor. Bubbling at the distilland surface, which might produce mist, is suppressed by centrifugal force. Vapor is compelled to follow an afferent flow path, and is scrubbed by cyclones in the afferent mesial passage. Scrubbed vapor is then withdrawn from within the distilland along the axis of rotation. No container is necessary for the distilland and no heat is added to produce evaporation.

Abstract: A regenerating system, for the removal of water and potentially harmful organic constituents from a dehydration fluid used to dehydrate natural gas. The system includes a device to assure positive flow of the water and organic constituent vapor out of the regenerator, to, in turn, control back pressure associated with the regenerator during the distillation process.

Abstract: Apparatus for purifying any type of contaminated liquid. The apparatus includes a series of closed but connected passageways in an S configuration of equal diameter open to each other such that the process is effectuated in one cylindrical device as opposed to several closed chambers. Contaminated liquid is introduced into the apparatus, boiled and evaporated at a low temperature due to a low pressure created by a vacuum pump; the vapor produced proceeds in an upwardly direction through an S configuration of baffleless pathways which is tortuous. Liquid particulates are separated from vapor by the configuration of the apparatus and contained within the contaminated liquid. Pure vapor proceeds through the apparatus and is converted to pure liquid and recovered.

Abstract: A method for the separation and recovery of volatiles from a sludge containing about 1 to 80% by weight liquid solvents and 20 to 99% by weight solids, in which said sludge is fed with a reagent powder material in an amount effective to form a mixture having a high surface area to a distillation vessel, said mixture is heated to a temperature up to about 350.degree. C. while said mixture is advanced through the vessel for a time sufficient to distil a sufficient portion of the solvents to yield a solid residue powder, distilled solvents are condensed, and the solid residue powder recovered. The vessel preferably is a mechanical fluidized bed distillation vessel and said mixture is fluidized while being heated therein under a partial vacuum in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. The effective amount of reagent powder material includes about 5 to 70 wt % of the reagent powder material.

Abstract: A process for separating phthalimido-peroxycaproic acid (PAP) from solutions in organic solvents, wherein the organic solvents have a solubility in water equal to or lower to 10% by weight, is provided. The process employs the following steps:(a) dispersing the solution in an aqueous medium to form a suspension;(b) bubbling an inert gas into the resulting suspension; and(c) recovering PAP from the suspension.

Abstract: A process for the removal of organic impurities and dissolved salts from hydrazine hydrate and aqueous solutions thereof by distillation of the hydrazine hydrate under reduced pressure, passing the hydrazine hydrate vapor through an adsorbent, and condensing the vapor.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for stripping volatiles from a feed stream and concentrating the volatiles in the overhead vapors forming a condensate product and simultaneously producing a low percent volatiles outlet stream as a concentrate product. The volatiles separator and concentrator, ("VSC"), unit has many applications in the reduction and the concentration of volatiles in the beverage, fuel, and industrial alcohol industries, as well as in chemical applications for removing or stripping volatiles from heat sensitive feed substrates which require low temperatures and a short residence time to prevent degradation of the product.The preferred embodiment of the VSC unit utilizes a short feed stream preheat contact time in combination with turbulent high velocity flow at temperatures below 100.degree. F. to provide flash aporization for volatiles separation with reboil capability to adjust volatiles concentration in the residue and product. The application of high vacuum in the range of 27" to 28.

Abstract: In isolating fullerenes from fullerene-containing soot the soot is heated by using microwaves to from 300.degree. to 800.degree. C. and the evaporating fullerenes are condensed.

Abstract: This invention involves a distillation process for operating a distillation purifying system. The system includes a section which creates a vacuum pressure that is transmitted throughout the system, a distillation/purification zone in which fluids to be distilled/purified are treated, and a collection zone in which the distilled/purified liquids are transferred. The distillation purifying process and system are effective for certain liquids, solutions, and the like and can be used for water treatment, petroleum processes, and bodily fluid treatment.

Abstract: An apparatus for concentrating a photographic processing solution in which there are provided an evaporation chamber, a heater for heating the solution to generate a vapor in the evaporation chamber, a condensation chamber communicated to the evaporation chamber for recieving the vapor, a cooling device for cooling the vapor to generate a condensation, and an ejector for reducing the pressure in the evaporation chamber and the condensation chamber. There is further provided a heat pump having a heat radiating portion used for the heater and a plurality of heat absorbing portions, one of which is used for the cooling device.

Abstract: In a multi-pass system for purifying oil or other liquids, an improved apparatus and method for mixing air with the contaminated liquid for separation after a phase change from liquid to gas. The contaminated liquid is drawn from a reservoir by a pump, filtered, and heated, and atmospheric air is induced into the contaminated liquid downstream of the heater by an eductor, which promotes the phase change from liquid to vapor. The liquid/contaminant mix, which now includes entrained air, is passed immediately through a second eductor, the compressibility of the air in tile mix, followed by expansion of the compressed air as the mix exits the second eductor, causing intimate contact of air and contaminant, thereby promoting the stripping of the contaminant from tile liquid. The air/liquid/contaminant mix is then routed to a level controlled separation tank, water vapor, contaminants, and condensate being released from tile tank ill the space above the pooled liquid.

Abstract: A process for recovering column bottom residues produced by distillation of ethylene glycol resulting from an aromatic polyester production process, involving treating the residues with an aromatic mono-alkyl ester and distilling the reaction product.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an extractive distillation process for separating HCl from pentafluoroethane, chloropentafluoroethane, chlorotrifluoroethane, trifluoromethane, and other fully saturated and unsaturated fluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons and chlorocarbons.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for purifying fatty acid amides, which contains the following process steps:neutralization of the fatty acid by addition of an aqueous alkaline solution andsubsequent distillation of the neutralized mixture.

Abstract: In a multi-pass system for purifying oil or other liquids, an improved apparatus and method for mixing air with the contaminated liquid for separation after a phase change from liquid to gas. The contaminated liquid is drawn from a reservoir by a pump, filtered, and heated, and atmospheric air is induced into the contaminated liquid downstream of the heater by an eductor, which promotes the phase change from liquid to vapor. The liquid/contaminant mix, which now includes entrained air, is passed immediately through a second eductor, the compressibility of the air in the mix, followed by expansion of the compressed air as the mix exits the second eductor, causing intimate contact of air and contaminant, thereby promoting the stripping of the contaminant from the liquid. The air/liquid/contaminant mix is then routed to a level controlled separation tank, water vapor, contaminants, and condensate being released from the tank in the space above the pooled liquid.

Abstract: Process for isolating dimethyl 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylate from residues of DMT production, which includes first distilling the residues at a pressure of at most 7 mbar at a boiler temperature from 200.degree. to 350.degree. C., subsequently treating the distillate which distills over in the range from 230.degree. to 270.degree. C. at a pressure of, for example, 0.2 mbar for from 10 to 60 minutes with 0.7 to 10 times the amount of an organic solvent at a temperature from 70.degree. to 180.degree. C., if required, separating the clear solution from undissolved components, cooling the removed clear solution to a temperature from 45.degree. to 65.degree. C. and allowing it to crystallize at this temperature, resulting in a suspension of dimethyl 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylate crystals from which the crystals are isolated by washing one or more times with the same or a different solvent and by drying.

Abstract: Solutions of hydrazine hydrate are vaporized, without any concomitant decomposition thereof, by heating such solutions, in the liquid phase, under conditions as to effect the decompression or volatilization thereof; this process is particularly applicable for the vaporization of that hydrazine hydrate solution contained in the reboiler of a column wherein the hydrolysis of an azine R.sub.1 R.sub.2 C.dbd.N-N.dbd.CR.sub.1 R.sub.2 is carried out, with recovery of hydrazine hydrate at the base of the column and of a ketone, R.sub.1 R.sub.2 C.dbd.O, at the column head.

Abstract: The process of this invention is directed to recovering diluted aqueous latex paint collected during cleaning of latex paint manufacturing equipment. The collected aqueous diluted latex paint is subjected to vacuum evaporation at temperatures between about 120.degree. F. and 170.degree. F. at reduced pressures of at least about 25 inches of mercury vacuum to produce a distillate containing above 99% by weight water and concentrated latex paint reusable as latex paint or as blend in latex paint products.

Abstract: A circulation cooler (10) has a heat exchanger (12) in a housing (11) that contains a cooling liquid and is detachably connected by its forward flow (13) to an inlet line (5), and by its return line (14) to the outlet (6) of a condenser (4) of a distillation apparatus (1). The circulation cooler (10) moreover has a vacuum pump (21) inside its housing (11) and an absorber (28) outside its housing (11). A second condenser (24) is interposed along the cooling agent inlet line (13) between the circulation cooler (10) and the condenser (4) of the distillation apparatus (1), and is connected to a vacuum line (27). The cooling liquid (25) flows successively to the heat exchanger ( 12) through the two condensers (24, 4) , then back to the heat exchanger (12). In both condensers, which are under a vacuum through common vacuum line (26, 27) , the condensation of the liquid substances is effected in the form of main condensation and aftercondensation phases.

Abstract: Diaminodiphenyl-compounds of the structure selected from: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 can be: H, --CH.sub.3, --C.sub.2 H.sub.5, --C.sub.3 H.sub.7, --C.sub.4 H.sub.9 or ##STR2## Y can be: C(CH.sub.3).sub.2, ##STR3## n=0; 1. are purified by distilling the crude product obtained under vacuum in one step, in the presence of one or more alkaline bases.

Abstract: An extractive distillation agent consisting essentially of a mixture of triethylene glycol with a lower boiling cosolvent selected from the group consisting of 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, tertiary butyl alcohol and ethylene glycol is fed to an extractive distillation column used for the distillation of propylene oxide contaminated with water, acetone and methanol to obtain an overhead distillate fraction consisting of essentially anhydrous propylene oxide contaminated with reduced quantities of acetone and methanol, and a heavier bottoms distillation fraction containing substantially all of the extractive distillation agent, water and acetone and some of the methanol introduced into the distillation column.

Abstract: There is described an apparatus for distilling liquids in a vacuum, having a receptacle for a liquid that can be connected to a vacuum pump, a heating arrangement for heating the receptacle causing the liquid to evaporate, a condenser for condensing the vapour, and a collecting vessel for the condensate. To be able to handle the apparatus quickly and more simply and to make it overall more economical and make it possible to carry out continuous distillation, the heating arrangement includes a vacuum-tight receiving chamber (1) for the receptacle (2) and a microwave generator (13, 13.

Abstract: A process for recovering a distillate of tolylene diisocyanate and an isocyanate-group-containing sump product containing less than 200 ppm (by weight) tolylene diisocyanate from A) distillation residues obtained in the production of tolylene diisocyanate by mixing of the distillation residues A) with B) optionally urethane- and/or allophanate-modified polyisocyanates or polyisocyanate mixtures of the diphenyl methane series, heating of the mixture to 190.degree. to 250.degree. C. and simultaneously or subsequently working up by distillation.

Abstract: A waste photopolymer plate washout fluid solvent distillation apparatus includes a single enclosure enclosing a waste washout fluid container, a recovered solvent container, and a distillation unit in which waste washout is distilled by application of heat and vacuum pressure to the waste washout, and by supplying a metered supply of a surrogate solvent to the distilled waste washout as a desired solvent is distilled from the waste washout. The apparatus, by supplying the surrogate solvent to the waste washout as the desired solvent is distilled from the waste washout, enables a greater percentage of the desired solvent to be recovered from the waste washout than has been heretofore possible with prior art apparatus, and also enables the waste washout to be disposed of as a liquid.

Abstract: Organopolysiloxane powder is prepared from an organopolysiloxane solution by admitting the organopolysiloxane solution into a planetary-screw mixer and agitating the solution at a sufficient temperature to allow a low-boiling liquid component to evaporate from the solution, thereby separating the low-boiling liquid component from the solution.

Abstract: Polyether glycols, especially poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol (PTMEG) having a narrow molecular weight distribution of about 1.25 to 1.80, or dispersity of 1.05 to 1.90, are made by a process involving distilling the low molecular weight fraction in unit operations including at least one short-path distillation evaporator. Two short-path distillation evaporators, in series, are desirable if significant narrowing of the PTMEG is required. In these units, PTMEG is subjected to temperatures in the range of 270.degree.-400.degree. C. with the hold-up time varying between 10-200 seconds. The required vacuum to force the separation of the low molecular weight PTMEG varies between 0.001 mm and 1.0 mbar. PTMEG residue from the distillation unit is also characterized by its low water content and low concentration of oligomeric cyclic ethers.

Abstract: A distillation process for the separation of acetic anhydride from a mixture thereof with ethylidene diacetate wherein the mixture of acetic anhydride and ethylidene diacetate is fed to the mid section of a distillation column and a small amount of acetic acid is fed separately to the lower section of the column. The addition of the acetic acid suppresses tar formation during the distillation process.

Abstract: A process is provided for separating trace amounts of water-immiscible, volatile organic liquids dissolved in aqueous media whereby the aqueous media are subjected to vapor stripping under vacuum at about ambient temperature in conjunction with a heat pump which indirectly recovers the energy of vaporization in its cold loop and returns such energy to the vaporization of the aqueous media in its hot loop. Inasmuch as the entire process is conducted at ambient temperature, there is little loss of energy to the environment and processing energy is recovered and reused to the application of a heat pump system.

Abstract: A method for refining a methylnaphthalene-containing oil includes the steps of azeotropically distilling the methylnaphthalene-containing oil with ethylene glycol to produce a methylnaphthalene fraction having a reduced content of nitrogen compounds; and hydrodesulfurizing the methylnaphthalene fraction in the presence of a catalyst having loaded thereto at least one member selected from molybdenum, cobalt and nickel.

Abstract: Polyether glycols, especially poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol (PTMEG) having a narrow molecular weight distribution of about 1.90 to 2.07, or dispersity of 1.50 to 1.90, are made by a process wherein the low molecular weight fraction in unit operations using at least one short-path distillation evaporator. In these units, PTMEG is subjected to temperatures in the range of 150.degree.-190.degree.C. with the hold-up time varying between 10-200 seconds. The required vacuum to force the separation of the low molecular weight PTMEG varies between 0.001 mm and 1.0 mbar. PTMEG residue from the distillation unit is also characterized by its low water content and low concentration of oligomeric cyclic ethers.

Abstract: Process for vacuum-concentrating urea solutions in which the final step of evaporation of the urea solution under vacuum is carried out within the injection of overheated water vapor in the overhead portion of the concentrator, in order to counteract the formation and deposition of high-melting, fouling compounds derived from urea.

Abstract: 2-(4-Isobutylphenyl)-propionic acid is purified by subjecting it to a vacuum rectification, in which the temperature is below the decomposition temperature of the acid.

Abstract: A distillation device for separating a liquid mixture from contaminants contained therein. The device partially cools, using an air radiator or equivalent passive heat-exchange device, a fluid of that contains at least one component of the mixture to be separated; the temperature of the fluid does not fall the ambient air temperature, thus preventing condensation on the heat exchanger. The partially cooled fluid is introduced into an aspirator and combined therein with a gaseous stream produced by heating the mixture to boiling in a separate chamber. Because of the high surface area of contact between vapor and aspirated liquid, the heat transfer is completely effective to condense the gaseous mixture, which settles into a pool. The components can then be separated mechanically or by gravity.