Abstract: A system and method is described for easily creating textiles out of chains connected by thread. A dissolvable or removable substrate on which chains can be set is used whereby the thread stitching passes through the substrate. After the textile stitching is completed, the substrate is then removed, including by use of a dissolving solvent or by melting.

Abstract: Concentrations of straight chain material are material are increased by treating a thermal-cracked oil distillate boiling in the range of 120.degree. to 290.degree. C. and containing aliphatic olefins, at a temperature of 0.degree. to 330.degree. C. in liquid phase in the presence of an acid catalyst, said thermal-cracked oil distillate being obtained from a thermal cracking process of thermally cracking a petrolic heavy residual oil at a temperature not lower than 400.degree. C. and not exceeding 700.degree. C.; and then separating and removing from the reaction mixture heavy components boiling higher than said distillate.

Abstract: In an improved urea dewaxing process a urea/alcohol slurry chilled to 60.degree. F. to 65.degree. F. is added to a naphthenic distillate chilled to 60.degree. F. to 65.degree. F. to produce a refrigerator oil with improved low temperature properties.

Abstract: A process for the separation of n-paraffins from hydrocarbon by means of solid urea wherein the formation of the adduct of n-paraffins with urea is carried out in a fluidized bed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process and apparatus for purifying and regenerating urea solutions which have been contaminated with biuret and triuret and the like during the use of the urea solutions such as in dewaxing processes. The contaminated urea solution is first contacted with ammonia in gaseous or liquid form and about one to ten percent of the ammonia is absorbed into the contaminated solution. The contaminated solution and absorbed ammonia are reacted in a reactor with heating for a period of time sufficient to complete the reaction of biuret and triuret to produce urea. The purified product solution may then be returned for further use in dewaxing processes. Excess ammonia and CO.sub.2 formed during the reaction process by the decomposition of urea may optionally be separated from the purified solution and from each other with the separated excess ammonia being returned to the absorber for reuse.

Abstract: In the process of manufacturing a refrigeration oil where an oil stock is dewaxed by forming a complex with urea in the presence of an activator, the improvement of adding hot vacuum gas oil to the separated urea complex whereby the activator is flashed off and is recycled for reuse and the slurry of the urea complex in the gas oil is treated with hot water to break the adduct and separate a water-urea mixture and oil and paraffin. The improved method enables accurate and uniform temperature control and degradation of urea is suppressed.

Abstract: The useful process life of aqueous urea solutions used in mineral oil urea dewaxing processes may be significantly prolonged by contacting with an acidic ion exchange resin at least a portion of the urea solution recovered from n-paraffin-urea adduct decomposition. The useful life of these aqueous urea solutions is further enhanced by contacting the urea solution with activated carbon in addition to the ion exchange resin.

Abstract: Food paraffins are processed into a mixture of paraffins of normal structure, iso-structure, and naphthenes with side chains of normal and iso-structure, containing from 20 to 32 carbon atoms, and high-melting paraffins of normal structure, by processing the food paraffin at a temperature of 42.degree.-45.degree. C with carbamide taken in the weight ratio of 1:1, in the presence of a solvent consisting of 60 per cent by volume of benzine and 40 per cent by volume of acetone taken in the paraffin:solvent ratio of 1:3-3.5. The resultant reaction mixture consists of a crystalline mass containing high-melting paraffins of normal structure in the form of their complex with carbamide and a solution of a mixture of paraffins of normal structure, iso-structure, and naphthenes with side chains of normal and iso-structure having from 20 to 32 carbon atoms, in said solvent. The crystalline mass and the solution are separated. The solution of the mixture is washed with water at a temperature of 80.degree.-90.degree.

Abstract: In a mineral dewaxing process, the oil solvent and the wax-containing mineral oil feed are dehydrated by a combination of flash evaporation, steam stripping and azeotropic distillation.

Abstract: Dilute aqueous urea solutions, contaminated with oil-solvent solution and obtained as filtrate or centrifugate in a urea dewaxing process of the type where a concentrated aqueous solution of urea is employed to form the wax-urea adduct, are purified by admixing the contaminated dilute aqueous urea solution with 1-25, preferably 2-5 volumes of solvent per volume of oil-solvent solution contamination, filtering the mixture, settling the mixture into two liquid phases, a substantially uncontaminated aqueous urea solution and an oil-solvent solution, and separating the two phases.

Abstract: Refrigeration oils are prepared by subjecting a crude lubricating oil fraction to mild hydrogenation, acid treating, dewaxing and clay percolation.

Abstract: Mineral oils containing small amounts (less than 2 weight percent) of normal paraffins may be urea dewaxed to produce refrigerator oils having Freon cloud or flock points of at least minus 55.degree.C. by utilizing large excesses of the amount of crystalline urea theoretically required for complete conversion of the n-paraffins into solid adduct and conducting the adduct formation under conditions of vigorous agitation.