Abstract: Provided is a dry separation apparatus including: a main body; a first deck; a plurality of guides; a supply part; an air blow fan; and a vibration part. A dry separation method includes: supplying an object to be separated to a top surface of a first deck provided with a plurality of punches; sending, by an air blow fan, air to the punches (first punches); and horizontally vibrating, by a vibration part, the first deck so as to discharge particles which have different specific gravities of the object to be separated and a moveable force exerted by air passing the first punches through different passages.

Abstract: A system for precious metal separation includes a feeder that provides a granular mixture to a precious metal separator device. The feeder includes an inlet port, a storage area, and an outlet port. The feeder provides the granular mixture to the precious metal separator device at a rate at which the precious metal separator device processes the granular material. As the feeder provides the granular mixture to the precious metal separator, a remover removes ferromagnetic material from the provided granular mixture before the provided granular mixture reaches the precious metal separator.

Abstract: An apparatus, method, and system are provided for separating material. In some embodiments the separator may include a deck. The deck may accept the material to be separated at a feed end and may provide separated output material at a discharge end. The flow of the material along the deck from the feed end to the discharge end may define a feed direction. The deck may be subject to a vibration or conveyance aligned with the feed direction. The deck may include riffles or corrugations. The riffles may be oriented at an angle relative to a direction of the vibration or conveyance, or at an angle relative to the feed direction. The deck may be subjected to an end-to-end elevation or slope. The end-to-end slope may be positive/downhill, negative/uphill, or zero.

Abstract: An air jigging machine for dry processing of raw materials, an air supply conduit for supplying working air to an air funnel, and having a pulsing valve. At least two jigging-material carriers for receiving material from a material-feeding mechanism are configured to consecutively receive therethrough working air from the air funnel and to separate the material into heavy and light material layers. The jigging-material carriers are disposed one above the other and are spaced apart. A wall encloses this intermediate space. At least one bypass airline branches off from the air supply conduit downstream of the pulsing valve, bypasses the lower jigging-material carrier, and communicates with the intermediate space for supplying an additional working airflow thereto. Respective discharge devices are provided for the jigging-material carriers for the material layered thereon during a jigging process.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating non-biogenic plastic from biogenic waste. A stream of waste materials is delivered through an inlet into a conduit in which the biogenic waste drops out the bottom. The non-biogenic plastic is drawn upwardly by a separator in the form of pressurized gas fed tangentially through two ports in an opposite direction with each other to create a vacuum in the conduit.

Abstract: A solids separation system and methods for use; the system having a barrel rotatably mounted in a substantially horizontal arrangement, a carriage on which the barrel is mounted and inclined so as to elevate the coal exit end of the barrel in relation to the rock exit end, a motor to rotate the barrel, a blower, a blower motor, a blade affixed to and helically wound along the interior surface of said barrel, and barriers between the turns of the blades to force the contents up into a stream of air supplied by a blower.

Abstract: A purifier is provided that is capable of uniformly sucking powder in a width direction of the sieve layers even when the purifier is configured to be provided with an air distribution chamber formed as being tapered upward and to have a horizontal cyclone provided above the air distribution chamber. The air distribution chamber is configured of paired inclined surfaces formed as being tapered upward, has a suction passage formed as a horizontal cyclone placed above the air distribution chamber. Also, a plurality of barrier walls are provided in the air distribution chamber in a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of sieve layers, the air distribution chamber is sectioned by the barrier walls into a plurality of chambers, and rectifying plates are further provided to the air distribution chamber at a narrow position between the paired inclined surfaces to prevent non-uniformity of suction of powder on the sieve layers.

Abstract: An automated system for sorting dissimilar materials, and in particular for sorting plastics from other materials and for sorting different types of plastics from one another comprises, depending upon the embodiment, combinations of a sizing mechanism, a friction separation, an air separator, a magnetic separator, a dielectric sensor sortation bed, shaker screening, a ballistic separator, an inductive sensor sortation system and a float/sink tank. The dielectric sensor sortation system may be either analog or digital, depending upon the particular implementation. One or more float/sink tanks can be used, depending upon the embodiment, each with a media of a different specific gravity. The media may be water, or water plus a compound such as calcium chloride. In addition, multiples of the same general type of module can be used for particular configurations. A heavy media system or a sand float process can be used either alternatively or additionally.

Abstract: A screening apparatus has a generally closed housing and partitions in the housing forming a fine-particle passage having an upstream end and a downstream end and a coarse-particle passage having an upstream end and a downstream end. A screen at the upstream ends is fed particulate material including dust and fine and coarse particles such that the coarse particles are diverted to the coarse-particle passage and the fine particles and dust to the fine-particle passage. A air-classifier in the fine-particle passage dedusts particles therein.

Abstract: A two-stage static air classifier has a feed duct through which particles of a granular mixture fall. A classifying louver plate having fins forming upwardly inclined classifying channels is fitted into a side opening in the feed duct. Particles of a set size are drawn by air suction through the classifying channels in the first stage. A separator box having an inlet connected to the outlet of the classifying channels collects the separated particles in a second stage as the entrained particles fall by gravity to the bottom of the separator box while the air streams drawing the particles through the classifying channels pass out the top end of the box. Adjustable baffle plates transversely extending through the box permit control of the quantity of fines collected with the particles at the separator box bottom. Size of the collected particles is determined by the speed of a fan at the top outlet of the separator box.

Abstract: A two-stage static air classifier has a feed duct through which particles of a granular mixture fall. A classifying louver plate having fins forming upwardly inclined classifying channels is fitted into a side opening in the feed duct. Particles of a set size are drawn by air suction through the classifying channels in the first stage. A separator box having an inlet connected to the outlet of the classifying channels collects the separated particles in a second stage as the entrained particles fall by gravity to the bottom of the separator box while the air streams drawing the particles through the classifying channels pass out the top end of the box. Adjustable baffle plates transversely extending through the box permit control of the quantity of fines collected with the particles at the separator box bottom. Size of the collected particles is determined by the speed of a fan at the top outlet of the separator box.

Abstract: A method of beneficiating coal in a dry process includes separating raw coal from a coal mine into coal fines and larger pieces of coal using pressurized air, separating the larger pieces of coal according to size, removing ash from the larger pieces of coal on an air table, and further removing ash from the larger pieces of coal using a size-discriminating device to obtain a beneficiated coal product. The invention also includes an apparatus for the dry beneficiation of coal. The apparatus includes at least one air separating device, at least one air table, and at least one first and second shakers which separate the coal by size and remove ash from the coal. The air table effectively removes ash from infed coal without the need for a fluidizing media.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a classifying fluid bed granulator, comprising a granulation chamber with a fluidizing air chamber (7) with a bed floor (10), a ceiling (3c), an end wall (3d), a feed inlet (5), a seed inlet (6), an outlet (4) defined by walls (3a, 3b) for air, and an outlet (9) for produced granules. The granulation chamber is divided into an agglomeration and seed control section (1) and a granulation and classification section (2) where said section (2) is divided into two or more consecutive compartments having an asymmetric design. Section (2) may contain tilted baffle plates (12). Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for fluid bed granulation of a feed being a solution, slurry, melt, emulsion, suspension or solids into granules of a desired classified size. Inlet seed particles are given a controlled size in an agglomeration and seed section ahead of being granulated with the feed in a granulation and classification section.

Abstract: A process for removing ammonia from fly ash during processing on an inclined fluidized bed. The process begins by introducing a mixture of particulates having ammonia adsorbed therein into an inclined fluidized bed. Concurrently, a fluidizing gas is pre-heated and is also introduced into the fluidized bed. The mixture is then processed along the fluidized bed with the pre-heated fluidizing gas to achieve bubbling fluidization of the particles. This causes segregation by which a dense fraction settles downward and a light fraction rises upward in the bed. Ammonia in the particles is desorbed by the pre-heated fluidizing gas. The fluidizing gas is then scrubbed after the processing step to remove the desorbed ammonia. The process may also include the use of acoustic enhancement whereby an acoustic field is imposed on the fluidized bed to improve fluidization and segregation of the particles and to increase the efficacy of ammonia removal.

Abstract: To improve a method for the treatment of waste or residual waste (1), the waste or residual waste (1) is sorted into a fraction (16) with specifically light material and a fraction (18) with specifically heavy material first by sieving and then followed by sorting by density, preferably by a dry-cleaning table (8).

Abstract: A process and device for separating different types of particulates from a mixture, which is especially suited for separating unburned carbon from raw fly ash. The process entails separating raw fly ash by size into a fine component and a coarse component (the coarse component having typically higher levels of unburned carbon). The coarse, high carbon, fly ash component (or optionally both components) are processed through an inclined fluidized bed to produce an upgraded coarse component with reduced unburned carbon. An acoustic field is imposed on the inclined fluidized bed(s) in order to enhance the bed's ability to fluidize and segregate the unburned carbon. The upgraded coarse and fine components are then mixed to yield a final product.

Abstract: A fluidized-bed classifier has a vessel defining a space divided into an upper fluidized-bed chamber and a lower gas chamber by a perforated dispersion plate having the shape of a funnel. Rising currents of a gas, such as air, are blown through the dispersion plate into the upper fluidized-bed chamber to produce a fluidized bed of a particulate material over the dispersion plate. The lower gas chamber is divided into a first gas chamber and a second gas chamber by a partition plate. The gas is supplied into the first air chamber so that rising gas currents of a velocity necessary for fluidizing coarse particles contained in the particulate material fed into the vessel are blown from the first air chamber through the dispersion plate into the fluidized-bed chamber.

Abstract: Procedure for separating heavy particles of material from lighter particles, e.g. for separating impurities from powdery or fragmental material, such as fibers or chips, in which procedure the material (2) to be treated is supplied onto a carrier surface (1) pervious to gas and gas impacts (P) are applied to the material through the carrier surface (1), causing the heavier particles to move closer to the carrier surface (1). The carrier surface (1) is mainly moved in one direction of movement to move the heavy particles (R) and the lighter particles (K) are passed, mainly by the agency of the inclination of the carrier surface (1) and/or the gas flow, in a direction substantially differing from the principal direction of movement of the carrier surface (1). The invention also relates to an apparatus implementing the procedure.

Abstract: Apparatus for separating heavy particles of material from lighter particles, e.g. for separating impurities from powdery or fragmental material, such as fibers or chips. The apparatus includes a carrier surface (1) which is pervious to gas, onto which the material (2) to be treated is supplied, as well as a device for applying gas impacts through the carrier surface (1) to the material (2) to be treated. The apparatus includes special valve elements (4) disposed below the carrier surface (1) to produce gas impacts.

Abstract: A method of separating solid waste materials, in the form of dried particles of substantially uniform size, into constituent materials on the basis of density, with primary stage processing utilizing one or more fluidized bed and cyclonic separator assemblies to separate materials on the basis of density, is provided by the invention. Secondary stage processing utilizing combinations of vibratory conveyors and melt separation assemblies, is also provided. As the waste materials move through the separator assemblies the initial stream is further refined into a plurality of streams of increasingly specific densities as a result of air flow separation of lighter particles from heavier particles in each assembly. Further refined separation may be achieved through the use of vibratory conveyors and melt separation.

Abstract: A high capacity dry separation apparatus with air-heavy medium fluidized bed having a separation chamber (3) with a fluidized bed above an air distributor (4), a scraper conveyer (2) in the separation chamber (3) having a double-scraper structure made up of two columns of scrapers moving side by side, and a sink discharge outlet (8) at one end of the separation chamber. An up-floating materials discharge outlet (11) and a feed inlet (12) are arranged on opposite sides of the separation chamber (3). An inclined inner circulator (7) for heavy medium is provided in the separation chamber and includes an air inlet tube (13), a cone-shaped buffer chamber (14), a sieve layer (15), a multilayer fabric (16) and a sintered metal plate (17).

Abstract: A door (20) for a separation table (10) is pivotably installed within discharge chute (12). The door is pivotable between a closed position and an open position. The door has a distal planar section (24) that lies horizontally against the floor wall (38) of the discharge chute when in a closed position. The door when in the open position has a curved contour section (26) that defines the lowest extent (47) of the door and upper wall of opening (47). A stop limit mechanism (50) includes a bar 52 that is adjustably mounted within discharge chute (12) to limit the opening of the door (20).

Abstract: Spent hydrotreating catalyst having carbonaceous and metallic deposits and of regular geometric shape after being stripped of process oil is fluidized by flowing air upwardly through the catalyst at a velocity sufficient to expand the bed thereby segregating the catalyst particles into a high activity, upper, less-contaminated fraction and a lower, more-contaminated fraction and recycling the high activity fraction to a hydrotreating process. Optionally, the high activity fraction can be regenerated with carbon burnoff or rejuvenated by acid leaching followed by regeneration with carbon burnoff to further improve catalyst activity.

Abstract: Processes and arrangements that provide for the separation of pyrite from coal in a fluidized bed. The processes provide for more efficient and complete stratification of the bed materials in a vertical direction, so that the very top layer of the fluidized ved is coal having a reduced pyrite content. The process includes feeding the coal to be cleaned on top of a layer of magnetite. The process also includes fluidizing the bed until bed-bubbling separation occurs in the absence of steady-state conditions. The cleaned top layer of coal having a reduced pyrite content is then separated from the refuse coal in the bottom of the bed.

Abstract: Process for the treatment of a hydrocarbon fraction containing metals and comprising the following stages: (a) the said hydrocarbon fraction is treated in the presence of mean density particles (d.sub.o) under conditions for eliminating at least partly the metals contained therein and deposits of said metals on at least one fraction of said solid particles; (b) at least part of the solid particles from stage (a), whose mean density is (d.sub.i) is drawn off; (c) said solid particles from stage (b) are magnetohydrostatically separated by introducing said solid particles into a ferrofluid placed in a non-uniform magnetic field and creating a vertical magnetic field, whose intensity is adjusted in such a way that the apparent mean density (d.sub.af) of the ferrofluid permits the separation of said solid particles into at least one mean density fraction (d.sub.i) below said apparent mean density (d.sub.af) of the ferrofluid and into at least one mean density fraction (d.sub.s) above said mean apparent density (d.

Abstract: The invention relates to apparatus for the pneumatic separation of particulate material particularly but not solely for the separation of objectionable material such as stem from cut lamina or cut rolled stem tobacco (CRS). Apparatus for the pneumatic separation of particulate material comprises a substantially horizontal vibrating conveyor having a plurality of grooves having apertures (14) through which air passes to partially or wholly fluidize the material under treatment.

Abstract: A modified fluidized bed separates materials differing in weight by as little as one percent. A fluidized bed is formed by directing air through vanes on an underside of a screen. Products, such as peanuts, delivered to a central portion of the screen are initially separated so that lighter weight products float on the fluidized bed and are drawn by gravity toward a lower end where a second separation takes place. The lightest products at this second end are listed over an exit weir by a controllable air jet. Desired products are not ejected and are collected.

Abstract: An air classifier for separating light reusable materials from a stream of non-shredded solid waste is provided. The air classifier employs two operating phases. The first operating phase, the desired light fraction is entrained in an air stream and is conveyed above the remainder of the solid waste. The waste material is then received by a second conveyor so that the lighter fraction is received on top of the heavier fraction. Thus, the first phase of the apparatus effects mass stratification. During the second operating phase, the light fraction is actually removed from the heavy fraction by a high velocity air stream which is preferably induced by a reducing cross-section portion of the apparatus. The air flow through the apparatus is captured and recycled and the light fraction being separated therefrom in, for example, a cyclone.

Abstract: A fluidized, dry bed, ore concentrator in which a uniform air stream is utilized to fluidize ore particles within a region defined in part by two, moving, riffled surfaces. The particles are statically charged to enhance separation of particles within the fluidized mass. The less massive of the like-charged, fluidized particles are drawn off by a first riffled surface and denoted "tailings". The more massive, and valuable, of the particles are drawn off by the second of the two riffled surfaces and denoted as "fines".

Abstract: An aeration separator for separating lighter and heavier materials in a separation chamber in which the material flows through a downwardly sloping passage in the lower region of the separation chamber toward a lower discharge while air flows upwardly through the material to aerate and agitate it to separate the lighter particles and direct them to an upper discharge.

Abstract: An acoustic standing wave is established in a fluid medium with a varying energy density in its nodal planes. Particles in the fluid medium responsive to the acoustic energy accumulate at these nodal planes and by the action of the variations of energy density in conjunction with the fluid viscous forces and/or field forces acting in the direction of the nodal planes, the movement of the particles held at these planes can be controlled. The adverse effects of attenuation of the acoustic beams producing the standing wave are reduced in this system, because any streaming due to imbalance of the acoustic forces forming the standing wave does not act in the direction in which the movement of the particles can be controlled.

Abstract: An elutriator (1) for separating different grades of leaf vegetable material comprises an elutriation zone (17) disposed above a flow distributor, and gaseous supply means (13) for supplying a gaseous medium to the elutriation zone (17) through the flow distributor. The flow distributor is adapted to provide a substantially uniform flow of gaseous medium to the elutriation zone (17), and the velocity of air delivered to the zone is greater than the terminal velocity of at least one grade of the material to be separated.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method and system for classifying particulate matter wherein unclassified particulate is projected into a spiraling fluid stream passing through an annular classifying zone. The particulate is projected into the fluid stream from the inner boundary of the classifying zone and the particulate passes through the fluid stream according to the size or density of the particles thereby facilitating the classification of the particles. The fluid stream with the particulate entrained therein is separated into a plurality of annular streams at the end of the classification zone thereby separating the particulate into distinct size fractions.

Abstract: A vibratory particle separation apparatus of the type having at least two plateau conveying surface interrupted by a drop-out opening. A composite mixture is conveyed by a vibrating action beyond the upper plateau and over a foraminous section in the upper plateau adjacent the drop-out opening. Air is directed upwardly through the foraminous section to break apart the composite mixture, and an air supply is also directed angularly in relationship to the plane of the upper plateau to further break apart the composite mixture and to propel particles of predetermined density and/or dimension to the landing area on the second level. In another aspect of the invention, the landing area is adjustable angularly with respect to the plane of the upper plateau of the conveying surface and is translatable to constrict or enlarge the dimensions of the drop-out opening. The particles passing through the drop-out opening and not intercepted by the landing area exit the system.

Abstract: Foaming compositions containing an alkylpolysaccharide surfactant and a sulfate, sulfonate and/or carboxylate cosurfactant and processes for utilizing foams containing these compositions.

Abstract: An air stream separator for separating heavier and lighter fractions from a mixture, includes a first vibrating conveyor which conveys the mixture of materials into an upwardly directed air stream at the output end of the conveyor, and a second vibrating conveyor positioned at or below the level of the first conveyor; the second vibrating conveyor includes an input end defined by an upwardly inclined portion onto which a heavier fraction of mixture drops from the output of the first conveyor so that the heavier fraction is separated from the lighter fraction which is impelled by the air stream onto a main, horizontal portion of the second conveyor for conveyance thereon.

Abstract: Process and means for the removal of iron rust from cast iron borings or chips to prepare the same for melting. The process involves the heating and agitation of such borings or chips, converting the rust of the same to magnetite and chemically uncombined water, eliminating the water from the chips or borings, screening the particles to remove the converted material, charging the balance of the substantially oxide free borings into a melting furnace, wherein the rate of the charge and the melting temperatures can be maintained substantially constant during the melting process to provide a uniform slag-free operation.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for separating light and heavy materials from one another. Materials to be separated are transported on a conveyer belt past a set of overhead rollers. Air is sucked through gaps between the rollers with covers surrounding groups of rollers which are coupled to a suction pump. Air is jetted through apertures in the conveyer belt to loosen adherence between lighter materials and larger articles. A high voltage is impressed upon the rollers to provide electrostatic attraction for light dry materials. The rollers may be provided with opposing protrusions which are used to pinch off certain materials.

Abstract: In processes for making carbon black from automobile tires containing fiberglass, or the like, a mat of fiberglass strands intertwined with carbon black trapped in the interstices thereof can be produced. The present invention discloses method and apparatus of producing useful fiberglass and carbon black from such mats. Rapid agitation breaks the mat into a cloud of fine fiberglass particles and free carbon black. A low velocity airstream carries the particles to a separation zone wherein the free carbon black is filtered from the airstream as a first useful by-product. The fiberglass particles are then combusted to remove remaining carbon black carried therewith thus forming a second useful by-product.

Abstract: A method and system for cracking hydrocarbons with distinct fluid catalyst particles differing in activity, selectivity and physical characteristics is described wherein a common catalyst regeneration system is employed which will measurably contribute to the heat requirements of the operation as well as the activity/selectivity characteristics of the catalyst employed. Except for size, the catalysts upon make-up may have different or identical catalytic characteristics. However, upon contact with a particular hydrocarbon stream, such as vacuum resid, the selectivity and coke producing characteristics of the catalysts may be altered.

Abstract: A source of fluid and entrained particles including fines is connected to the entrance of a cyclone particle separator lying above a particle storage vessel that has an outlet near its bottom. The particle separator has a particle exit connected to the storage vessel and a fluid exit. The separator imparts angular motion to the fluid received at its entrance such that the fluid with a first percentage of the fines entrained therein flows out the fluid exit, and the particles minus such first percentage passes through the particle exit to the storage vessel. The particles in the storage vessel are fluidized to a particular level above the outlet. Fluidized particles with a second percentage of the fines entrained therein are removed from the process by withdrawal from the storage vessel at a point between the particular level and the outlet. Fluidized particles minus the first and second percentages of the fines flow from the outlet of the storage vessel to a receiver for processing.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating dry dust particles of a constant concentration from dry solid particles. The apparatus has a dust dispersion section receiving powdered material from a dust feeding section. The dust dispersion section includes a bed of beads subjected to a constant supply of air. An endless chain delivers a continuous supply of powdered material to the bed of beads and the air moving through the bed of beads. The chain is scrubbed by the beads and the air whereby the particles of powdered material are dispersed and entrained in the moving air. The particles move through a tube and are electrically neutralized with a radioactive source. A particle separator can be used to remove large particles. A photometer monitors the concentration of the particles emanating from the apparatus in aerosol form.

Abstract: Granular materials are separated on a dry pinched sluice separator having at its discharge end a conical concave surface. The material to be separated is allowed to flow downwardly over the separator chute under gravity and fluidization and the so separated materials traverse the concave surface.