Abstract: The present invention provides a novel toy electric water pistol. The novel toy electric water pistol adopts a water suction sensing part with double sensing contacts to cooperate with a first motor in a linkage manner, so that the toy electric water pistol can be automatically and quickly processed for water suction and replenishment, without manual water addition operation, so that it is convenient to use and has high water storage efficiency. At the same time, by setting a quantitative driving jetting part, it can realize the sequential quantitative water jet jetting operation with a high response speed. The toy electric water pistol has more sufficient jetting power and a longer jetting range by combining a water jet with a conical water jet hole.

Abstract: A gas turbine includes a rotational body including a tie rod, a plurality of rotor disks arranged in an axial direction of the tie rod, and a plurality of blades radially arranged on an outer periphery of each rotor disk; a stationary body surrounding the rotational body and defining a working fluid flow space between opposing surfaces of the rotational and stationary bodies, the stationary body including a casing accommodating the rotational body and a plurality of vanes and diaphragms arranged on an inner surface of the casing, the vanes arranged alternately with the blades; and a compressor cleaner disposed at a plurality of compressor positions in the stationary body to spray a cleaning fluid into the working fluid flow space. The compressor positions are separated from each other in the axial direction, and the cleaning fluid is spayed at low pressure to enhance cleaning efficiency while protecting compressor components.

Abstract: An oscillating sprinkler includes a rotatable cylindrical mount, an impeller housing at one side of the rotatable body, an impeller in the impeller housing, a pair of sweep setting rings at the other side of the rotatable body, and a toggle valve in the rotatable body. The impeller housing has an outlet wall defines two impeller inlets therein. Each of the sweep setting rings has a radial wall provided with an arcuate slot. The rotatable body has a radial inlet wall provided with an aperture. The toggle valve is configured to control which of the impeller inlets in the outlet wall is opened. The toggle valve includes a rocker, a lever, an arm extending the lever and through the aperture in the inlet wall and the slots in the sweep setting rings and a snap bushing sleeved on the arm and having fingers snapped in a groove of the arm.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a rotor or sprinkler that allows its watering arc to be rotated, increased, or decreased by user-rotation of the sprinkler's rotating nozzle base.

Abstract: A sprinkler comprises a nozzle, a turbine and a gear train reduction. The gear train reduction has an output stage that is coupled to the nozzle. The turbine is located between the nozzle and the gear train reduction and is coupled to an input stage of the gear train reduction.

Abstract: A sprinkler head for an embedded sprinkler includes a base having a adjust device arranged to an upper portion thereof and an inlet pipe formed to a lower portion thereof. The inlet pipe has a lateral outlet and a receiving chamber. A nozzle is received to the receiving chamber. A gap is formed between the nozzle and the receiving chamber so as the nozzle can be easily removed. A lower toothed ring indirectly rotated by the adjust device is arranged to a bottom of the inlet pipe. Angle between a flexible adjusting sheet extending from the lower toothed ring and a fixed adjusting sheet extending from a bottom of the base can be changed. A sleeve is arranged to the inlet pipe to receive an axial tube of a sprinkler so as to oscillate clockwise and counterclockwise with a driving shaft of the sprinkler.

Abstract: An improved sprinkler has a flow altering device to change water direction and control the direction of a blade wheel. A gear set causes a sprinkler head's repetitive rotation. The sprinkler head includes a set of corresponding upper plate and lower plate to divide an interior chamber of the sprinkler head to two chambers: a control chamber and a gear chamber. A water inlet pipe connects only with the control chamber to provide water to enter the control chamber. The upper plate and the lower plate form a filtering channel interconnecting between the control chamber and the gear chamber. The water from the control chamber can flow into the gear chamber through the filtering channel. The filtering channel filters the large/coarser particle debris in the water and the water flowing into the gear chamber can lubricate and cool the gear set in the gear chamber.

Abstract: In this system, a device is placed inside the injectors on the manifold or inside three different design housings above the combustion chambers of engines. The device is a combine that has a cylinder that has a set of vanes. In one embodiment a small motor is used to turn the cylinder, which helps to atomize the fuel to a fine state. This atomization improves combustion in that the smaller fuel particles can burn more efficiently and more completely than larger drops of fuel that is simply squirted into a cylinder or manifold. In two other embodiments, the cylinder (combine) can be turned with a belt driven by the engine.

Abstract: A magnetically driven irrigation sprinkler is disclosed with a magnetic drive mechanism for rotating a fluid outlet relative to a fluid inlet. In one form, the drive mechanism includes a permanently polarized magnet and an electromagnet.

Abstract: A water sprinkler includes a base defining a first cavity and an outflow opening, a conduit assembly positioned in said first cavity and defining a first channel and a second channel, and said first channel defining a first channel inlet and a first channel outlet, and further said second channel defining a second channel inlet and a second channel outlet, and a timer mechanism having a timer inlet and a timer outlet, said timer mechanism being configured to operate in (i) a first mode in which fluid is allowed to pass between said timer inlet and said timer outlet, and (ii) a second mode in which fluid is prevented from passing between said timer inlet and said timer outlet, wherein said first channel outlet is positioned in fluid communication with said timer inlet, wherein said second channel inlet is positioned in fluid communication with said timer outlet, and wherein said base and said conduit assembly are configured so that fluid advancing through the water sprinkler must pass through both (i) said sec

Abstract: An irrigation sprinkler includes an outer case and a riser extensible from the outer case by water pressure and normally in a retracted position. A nozzle is rotatably mounted at an upper end of the riser. A turbine is mounted in the riser for rotation by water entering a lower end of the riser. A gear train reduction is mounted in the riser. A gear driven coupling mechanism mounted in the riser couples the gear train reduction and the nozzle. A pressure regulator valve is located inside a nozzle turret of the sprinkler and includes a valve member that is pivotably mounted between the gear train reduction and the nozzle.

Abstract: An oscillating sprinkler head transmission for alternately driving an output shaft and sprinkler head nozzle to oscillate it with spring bias being provided to prevent the transmission from being placed in an inoperative position, where the sprinkler head is not oscillated.

Abstract: An automated sprayer for spraying the walls of a shower enclosure with a liquid cleanser dispenses the cleanser using a pumping system and rotatable spray head. The sprayer has a showerhead mountable housing with an adjustable hanger. There is a portion of the housing for supporting a bottle of cleanser in an inverted fashion. The bottle is vented through a piercing post. A single motor both drives the pump and rotates the spray head.

Abstract: A sprinkler structure includes a shell base, a water nozzle, a plurality of spiracles, a water conveyance element, an eccentric gear device, a drive gear device, and a fixing base. The eccentric gear device performs an eccentric movement in responding to an external force, and drives the water conveyance element to perform a reciprocating pivotal turning action. The drive gear device is disposed inside the shell base and is coupled to the eccentric gear device. The drive gear device is driven by the water current to rotate, so that the eccentric gear device drives the water conveyance element to perform the reciprocating pivotal turning action. The water nozzle is driven by the reciprocating pivotal turning action to change the angle of the water outlet surface continuously within an angle range. The fixing base is connected to the water nozzle and the shell base.

Abstract: A sprinkler assembly has a body, a base assembly, a wheel, a gear assembly, a discharging valve, a spraying head and a cover. The wheel is rotatably mounted in a wheel chamber in the base assembly and has a driving gear. The gear assembly has gear sets engaging each other. Each gear set has a driving gear and a driven gear coaxially mounted on the driving gear. The driving gear has a number of teeth different from that of the driving gear. The driving gear of one of the gear set engages the driving gear on the wheel. The discharging valve has at least one discharging hole. The spraying head is coaxially connected rotatably to the discharging valve and has at least one aligning hole selectively aligns respectively with the at least one discharging hole in the discharging valve.

Abstract: A parts washer comprises a cabinet, a platform, a liquid distributor, a coupling, and a drive system. The platform is disposed inside the cabinet and supports articles that are required to be cleaned. The distributor is disposed inside the cabinet to one side of the platform and has one or more outlets that direct the liquid in a generally radial direction toward the platform. The coupling couples the distributor to an inside of the cabinet in a manner allowing at least 2°of freedom of motion of the distributor. More particularly, the coupling allows the distributor to move in a complex motion comprising a combination of tilting, rotation and up and down motion.

Abstract: A sprinkler includes a riser, an impeller mounted in the riser, and a nozzle rotatably mounted at an upper end of the riser. A drive assembly including a reduction gear train couples the impeller and the nozzle. A friction clutch is located in the drive assembly between an output gear of the reduction gear train and an input gear of the reversing mechanism and provides a positive drive connection under a normal load and slips under an excessive load. An alternate embodiment utilizes the friction clutch in a rotor-type sprinkler in which the nozzle rotates continuously through a continuous 360 degree arc.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a device for dispensing one or more jets of cryogenic fluid, particularly liquid nitrogen, comprising a fluid conveying pipeline feeding one or more fluid dispensing nozzles arranged at the downstream end of said pipeline, and a motor collaborating with the fluid conveying pipeline via a rotary transmission shaft and a transmission mechanism.

Abstract: An automated sprayer for spraying the walls of a shower enclosure with a liquid cleanser is disclosed. The sprayer includes a bottle suitable for containing the liquid, a housing, a pump located in the housing wherein the pump is in fluid communication with the bottle, a rotatable dome-shaped spray head extending away from an opening in a surface of the housing, a spray nozzle positioned such that an outlet of the spray nozzle is positioned within an opening in a side wall of the rotatable spray head wherein the spray nozzle is in fluid communication with an outlet of the pump, a motor located in the housing, and a transmission operably coupled to a shaft of the motor, the rotatable spray head, and the pump. The transmission transfers rotational motion of the shaft of the motor to drive the pump and cause rotation of the rotatable spray head such that the liquid is sprayed radially away from and around the housing thereby providing a circular spray pattern that contacts the walls of the shower enclosure.

Abstract: The present invention provides in an adjustable shower head having a user-operable variable spray pattern. The shower head includes an adjustment mechanism that is hydropowered by water passing through the shower head, upon activation by a user.

Abstract: A sprinkler apparatus comprises a spray tube configured to move between a first side position and a second side position. The sprinkler apparatus also comprises a first side adjustment mechanism and a second side adjustment mechanism. Each adjustment mechanism comprises markings indicating lesser to greater degrees of sprinkling coverage area. The sprinkler apparatus further comprises a coverage indicator component attached to the spray tube. The coverage indicator component includes at least one window defined therein. The first side adjustment mechanism and the second side adjustment mechanism are independently moveable in relation to the coverage indicator such that the markings on the first side adjustment mechanism and the second side adjustment mechanism are selectively viewable to the user through the window. The positioning of one of the markings within the window results in a related degree of sprinkling coverage area by the sprinkler apparatus.

Abstract: A sprinkler apparatus comprises a water wheel that is configured to be alternatively driven in a first wheel direction by a first fluid flow and a second wheel direction by a second fluid flow. The water wheel drives a water tube having at least one fluid outlet. The water tube is moveable in a first tube direction in response to the water wheel being driven in the first wheel direction, and is further moveable in a second tube direction in response to the water wheel being driven in the second wheel direction. The sprinkler apparatus further comprises a switch wheel positioned to receive an initial fluid flow and generate the first and second fluid flows therefrom. In particular, when the switch wheel is in a first position, the first fluid flow is generated. When the switch wheel is in a second position, the second fluid flow is generated.

Abstract: A sprinkler includes an oscillating mechanism having a receptacle for receiving a water, and a casing rotatably attached to the receptacle. A device may be used for swinging the casing relative to the receptacle in reciprocating action, to allow the water to smoothly or swiftly flow out of the sprinkler tube in various kinds of water spraying patterns. Two ratchet gears are rotatably received within the receptacle and rotated in different directions, a barrel and a shaft are rotatably received within the receptacle and rotated in different directions, and a valve controlling device may be used for controlling the water to flow through the shaft, such as to flow through the shaft intermittently.

Abstract: An oscillating sprinkler head transmission for alternately driving an output shaft and sprinkler head nozzle to oscillate it with spring bias being provided to prevent the transmission from being placed in an inoperative position, where the sprinkler head is not oscillated.

Abstract: A sprinkler apparatus comprises a sprinkler motor configured to rotate an output gear and a sprinkler tube configured to move in a repeating pattern in response to rotation of the output gear. The sprinkler apparatus further comprises a tube adapter interposed between the output gear and the sprinkler tube. The tube adapter is fixed in relation to the sprinkler tube. The tube adapter includes a first set of teeth and the output gear has a plurality of extending flexible fingers defining a second set of teeth which engage the first set of teeth. The output gear and the tube adaptor include water passages through which water advances from the sprinkler motor to the sprinkler tube. The flexible fingers on the output gear allow the second set of teeth to slide over the first set of teeth and provide a torque limiting relationship between the output gear and the tube adaptor.

Abstract: A sprinkler includes a drive mechanism mounted in a riser that rotates a nozzle at the top of the riser. The drive mechanism enables a user to select between oscillation of the nozzle through an adjustable arc and uni-directional full circle rotation of the nozzle. The sprinkler includes an automatic arc return feature that enables the nozzle to resume oscillation between a pair of original pre-set arc limits when the nozzle is twisted by a vandal outside of the arc limits.

Abstract: A rotary shower head for showering includes an outer case to house a universal joint, an inner case assembly, a driving mechanism and a water discharge disc. Water entering the shower head provides a water discharge force to thrust the driving mechanism to generate automatic turning of the water discharge disc to achieve water-saving effect.

Abstract: An oscillating sprinkler head transmission for alternately driving an output shaft and sprinkler head nozzle to oscillate it with spring bias being provided to prevent the transmission from being placed in an inoperative position, where the sprinkler head is not oscillated.

Abstract: A sprinkler includes a riser, an impeller mounted in the riser, and a nozzle rotatably mounted at an upper end of the riser. A drive assembly including a reduction gear train couples the impeller and the nozzle. A clutch in the drive assembly includes a clutch member having an axis of rotation that provides a positive drive connection under a normal load and axially displaces and slips under an excessive load.

Abstract: A device is disclosed that uses a flow-control methodology to control sprays at very high precision and frequency. The device is based on an enhanced Coanda effect. The control flow is selectively applied to the region in which we desire the jet to vector and control the profile (width) of the jet. In one embodiment, the control flow is applied at the desired circumferential location by the action of a rotting disk with a flow passage of a size that spreads the jet the desired amount. The size of this flow passage may be controlled by using two overlapping disks with large holes in each. By rotating one disk relative to the other, the size of the resultant passage can be modified.

Abstract: A sprinkler apparatus comprises a water wheel that is configured to be alternatively driven in a first wheel direction by a first fluid flow and a second wheel direction by a second fluid flow. The water wheel drives a water tube having at least one fluid outlet. The water tube is moveable in a first tube direction in response to the water wheel being driven in the first wheel direction, and is further moveable in a second tube direction in response to the water wheel being driven in the second wheel direction. The sprinkler apparatus further comprises a switch wheel positioned to receive an initial fluid flow and generate the first and second fluid flows therefrom. In particular, when the switch wheel is in a first position, the first fluid flow is generated. When the switch wheel is in a second position, the second fluid flow is generated.

Abstract: A sprinkler having a water-driven drive mechanism or motor for rotating a sprinkler head is disclosed where the drive mechanism converts a constant input rate into a variable rate to reduce tailing from overly-rapid rotation and to promote full develop of water stream discharge profile. The drive mechanism includes continuously engaged members including one or more planet gears each having an offset or eccentrically positioned engagement portion for driving a second gear member. As the planet gear rotates, the movement of the engagement portion has a radial component relative to the second gear, and the rotational velocity of the second gear is related to the radial position of the engagement portion.

Abstract: A sprinkler includes a riser, an impeller mounted in the riser, and a nozzle rotatably mounted at an upper end of the riser. A drive assembly couples the impeller and the nozzle. A clutch in the drive assembly includes a radially deformable collet that surrounds a drive shaft. A spring urges the collet against the drive shaft and provides a positive drive connection under a normal load and slips under an excessive load.

Abstract: Rotating nozzle for dispensing pressurised fluids contained in a spray can (1) provided with a dispensing valve (2) which can be actuated in the axial direction (X-X) for opening/closing thereof, said nozzle comprising a front dispensing part (260) movable rotationally and axially fixed to a part (230) for coupling with the spray can (1), said coupling part being in turn movable in terms of displacement and idle rotationally.

Abstract: The present invention includes a unique irrigation sprinkler system with a unique sprinkler head design; a unique method of defining the planted area to be served by the sprinkler head; a unique method for determining when that planted area needs to be watered; a unique way of providing even coverage throughout the planted area when being watered; the ability to use one sprinkler head to individually water multiple, non-overlapping planted areas; a unique way of addressing multiple sprinkler heads in the same sprinkler system; and a unique method for remotely determining the integrity of the sprinkler system.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved water flow switching mechanism of a gear-type sprinkler, which addresses problems of typical gear-type sprinklers, such as invalid water switching and poor stability. The gear-type sprinkler includes a water inlet portion, a water outlet portion and accommodating space. A convex framework is additionally placed onto the accommodating space opposite the separate water outlets. Two lateral grooves are defined in the convex framework, each corresponding to a water outlet. So the pivotal portion of the rotary switching seat is assembled centrally into the convex framework. The rotary switching seat is provided with two opposite extension flanges. The extension flange may block the lateral groove of the convex framework in line with the swinging direction of the rotary switching seat. The water-stop area of rotary switching seat is greatly increased, thus ensuring the stability of the water flow switching state and improving performance of the sprinkler.

Abstract: A multi-stage swing horticultural watering appliance includes a base, a water-dispensing basin, a swing device, a spraying cover and a swing outlet pipe. The base is formed in a center thereof with a circular receiving recess for accommodation of the water-dispensing basin. An inlet hole and an outlet connector are arranged at two opposite sides of the receiving recess of the base. A plurality of inlet apertures is formed in an outer periphery of the water-dispensing basin. In the water-dispensing basin are provided with a water-supplying pipe and a plurality of water-separating boards. In use, water flows through the inlet hole of the base and into the water-dispensing basin via the inlet apertures. When the water-dispensing basin is full of water and the pressure therein reaches a certain level, the water will flow into the swing outlet pipe via the inlet hole thereof and will be sprayed out via the spraying apertures.

Abstract: When, according to the invention, constructing a drive system for rotating the cleaning head in a tank and allowing the system to comprise a hysteresis coupling having two magnetic parts which are present inside the liquid space (4) and outside this, respectively, a completely liquid-tight separation between the housing (2) and the gear (14) may be ensured. The magnetic part (8, 18) of the hysteresis coupling may be formed by electromagnets, and with a displaceable (13) position of the one part relative to the other part (11, 19) the coupling may be adjusted with respect to the transferred torque and/or speed.

Abstract: A spray oscillating control apparatus for sprinklers is equipped with a sprinkling control assembly to swing a spray body into different angles wherein a gear train assembly with an impeller is mounted into the sprinkling control assembly and work in linking mechanism with a spray oscillating control apparatus composed of a water duct having two inlet orifices and a spray control device having a linkage gear wheel and two covering blocks. The linkage gear wheel is directly meshed with one matched gear of the gear train assembly and the two covering blocks are matched to the two inlet orifices, permitting the linkage gear wheel and the two covering blocks to rotate along with the gear train assembly and, thus, switch the amount of intake water supply in a gradual manner so that spray sprinkled can oscillate rhythmically from far-to-near and near-to-far in distance, achieving even distribution of the spray onto a lawn.

Abstract: A sprinkler includes a riser having an inlet end and an outlet end. A nozzle is rotatably supported at the outlet end of the riser and has a plurality of circumferentially spaced, radially extending stream forming slots. An orifice member is removably mounted adjacent the outlet end of the riser and has an orifice shaped to deliver water flowing through the riser into the stream forming slots in a manner that produces a predetermined water distribution pattern. A rotatably adjustable deflector ring is configured and mounted for intercepting streams of water ejected from the stream forming slots to vary a reach thereof.

Abstract: A sprinkler includes a drive mechanism mounted in a riser that rotates a nozzle at the top of the riser. The drive mechanism enables a user to select between oscillation of the nozzle through an adjustable arc and uni-directional full circle rotation of the nozzle.

Abstract: An oscillating sprinkler head transmission for alternately driving an output shaft and sprinkler head nozzle to oscillate it with spring bias being provided to prevent the transmission from being placed in an inoperative position, where the sprinkler head is not oscillated.

Abstract: A slip-clutch assembly including a slip gear and clutch for a sprinkler motor of a sprinkler is disclosed for reducing damage to movable portions of the sprinkler is disclosed. The slip-clutch assembly allows at least a portion of a motor assembly or a sprinkler head to rotate at a rate lower than under normal operating conditions. The slip-clutch assembly includes a first component or portion with deformable portions received under normal operating conditions within recesses or cooperating structure of a second component or portion. The deformable portions are able to release or slip from the cooperating structure when the rotation of a portion of the sprinkler is impeded by a force exceeding a predetermined level. The deformable portions of the slip-clutch assembly may include deflectable arms with an engageable portion received within the cooperating structure. The engageable portion may dis-engage by camming out of the cooperating structure when the impeding force exceeds the predetermined level.

Abstract: A speed limiting mechanisms for turbine-driven fluid distribution apparatus usable with compressible fluid such as compressed air and incompressible fluid such as water. Dynamic viscous damping of the turbine output power train is used to control the rotational speed of the turbine. This prevents overspeeding when the turbine is air driven, and also when the turbine is water driven, under abnormal conditions such as blockage of a bypass area designed to control the turbine speed by limiting flow to the turbine. The same mechanism can be used to impose a lower rotational speed in the turbine during normal operation in conjunction with a turbine optimized for lower speed operation to reduce the required gear reduction in the power train.

Abstract: A sprinkler includes a housing disposed on a base, and a sprinkler tube coupled to a oscillating mechanism, for allowing the sprinkler tube to be rotated relative to the housing and the base by the oscillating mechanism, the oscillating mechanism includes a receptacle disposed within the housing, and a casing rotatably attached to the receptacle, and coupled to the sprinkler tube, for allowing the casing and the sprinkler tube to be rotated relative to the receptacle. A device may be used for swinging the casing and the sprinkler tube relative to the receptacle in reciprocating action, to allow the water to smoothly or swiftly flow out of the sprinkler tube in various kinds of water spraying patterns.

Abstract: A swinging lawn sprinkler including a sprinkling control unit with a gear-operated transmission mechanism attached to one side of a sprinkler mount. A limiting connector having a water outlet connector engaged at one side is correspondingly matched to the gear-operated transmission mechanism and a spraying member. A main driving wheel, an adjusting seat, and a water inlet connector are sequentially coupled at the other end of the gear-operated transmission mechanism. The adjusting seat is equipped with a limiting cavity for a power switching device made up of a plurality of power units in linkage with a pivoting shaft and a pair of limiting zones with elastic pieces and pressure guide members adapted to be pivotally mounted to activate the shift of angles of a flow switch plate.

Abstract: A Pelton type turbine is mounted in a riser of a pop-up sprinkler for rotation about a horizontal axis and drives a central bevel pinion gear through a gear train reduction. Upper and lower bevel gears supported on a vertical drive shaft are simultaneously driven in opposite directions by the central bevel pinion gear. A clutch slides up and down along the drive shaft to engage radially extending teeth formed on its upper and lower sides with complementary teeth formed on the upper and lower bevel gears. One end of a yoke is coupled to the clutch and the other end is moved vertically by an over-center mechanism to shift the direction of rotation of a nozzle turret connected to the upper end of the drive shaft. The over-center mechanism is tripped back and forth by a shift disc engaged by a pair of tabs of a turret coupling assembly.

Abstract: A sprinkler includes an outer housing having a lower end connectable to a source of pressurized water and a riser that is vertically reciprocable within the outer housing between extended and retracted positions when the source of pressurized water is turned ON and OFF. A nozzle is mounted at an upper end of the riser for rotation about a vertical axis. A Pelton turbine is mounted inside the riser for rotation about a horizontal axis, as distinguished from a vertical axis. A drive mechanism connects the turbine to the nozzle so that when the source of pressurized water is turned ON the resulting rotation of the turbine by the pressurized water will rotate the nozzle. The turbine as well as a gear train reduction and a bevel gear reversing mechanism are assembled inside a self-contained clam-shell drive subassembly before being inserted into the riser.

Abstract: A gearbox for a drive line irrigation system in which the input and output shafts of the gearbox are sealed with a compressed and sintered silicon and carbide face seal. The face seal is contained within the gearbox and compressed between a gearbox end cap and a shaft bearing, obviating the need for external loading by bellows or similar spring elements.

Abstract: A drive assembly for a sootblower which provides a non-constant rate of rotational motors of the lance tube through the use of non-circular gears in the drive assembly. The drive assembly is used to provide a uniform or near uniform rate of progression of a jet of cleaning medium ejected from the lance tube along a surface to be cleaned.