Abstract: Provided are methods and apparatus for crushing clay, transporting clay, and processing clay. In examples, provided are movable truss conveyor support apparatuses, movable crusher picker apparatuses, picker shaft rakes to clean picker shafts, adjustable hoppers, and tracked crushers. In an example, provided is a crusher including (i) a crusher frame, (ii) a crusher subframe movably suspended from the crusher frame, (ii) a rotary bearing fastened to the crusher subframe, (iv) a rotatable picker shaft rotatably supported by the rotary bearing and adapted to rotate relative to the crusher subframe, and (v) at least one picker fastened to the rotatable picker shaft.

Abstract: A sample purification system includes a container assembly bounding a sample purification compartment and having an upper end and an opposing lower end, the sample purification compartment comprising mixing zones and settling zones. A plurality of shielding elements are positioned within the sample purification compartment so as to at least partially separate adjacent mixing zones and settling zones or separate adjacent mixing zones, the mixing zones being in fluid communication with the settling zones. A mixing element is disposed within each mixing zone. An acoustic wave settler is aligned with a portion of the container assembly, the acoustic wave settler being configured to emit an acoustic wave through the portion of the container assembly and a mixture disposed therein, the acoustic wave coalescing fluid phase droplets disposed in the mixture to increase the buoyancy or density of the fluid phase droplets.

Abstract: Provided herein are adeno-associated virus (AAV) compositions that can express a phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) polypeptide in a cell, thereby restoring the PAH gene function. Also provided are methods of use of the AAV compositions, and packaging systems for making the AAV compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for comminuting refrigeration appliances (12), in which the refrigeration appliances (12) are introduced into the comminution chamber (16) through a supply opening (14) of a comminution chamber (16), are continuously comminuted in the comminution chamber (16), and comminuted refrigeration appliance material (24) is discharged from the comminution chamber (16) through a discharge opening (26) of the comminution chamber (16), the comminution chamber (16) is flushed with air in that, per time unit, a predetermined volume (L1) of the air which is present in the comminution chamber (16) and which is enriched with process gases which occur during comminution of the refrigeration appliances (12) is supplied to the gas processing means (34) through a gas conveying line (32) which is connected in a gas conveying manner to the discharge opening (26) and a gas processing means (34), and a volume of air (L4) corresponding to that predetermined volume (L1) is supplied to the comminution c

Abstract: A system for suppressing and inhibiting fires in coal pulverizer mills can include a fire suppression solution storage tank, a flow control cabinet, an equipment control/pumping enclosure, an air distribution system, and injection piping and nozzles installed at various positions in one or more pulverizer mills. A first set of nozzle assemblies in communication with the fire suppression solution are positioned in the mill to disperse the suppression solution within the classifier zone of the mill. A second set of nozzle assemblies in communication with the suppression solution are positioned within the mill to disperse the suppression solution within the grinding zone. A third set of nozzle assemblies are positioned within the primary air duct of the mill.

Abstract: A mechanical pulverizer adopts multi-stage high-speed rotating turbine and special design structure to achieve ultrafine or nano pulverization. As shown in the figures, the mechanical pulverizer comprises: base plate (1), bearing seats (2 and 3), main shaft (4), motor base (5), main motor (6), casing (7 and 7?), three-stage turbine blisks (8, 9 and 10), multi-surface curved turbine blades (11 and 11?), gear rings with large-angle curved gears (12 and 12?), suspended shearing device (13 and 13?), built-in, unpowered and replaceable grading plates, (14 and 15), feeding inlets (16 and 17), spiral feeder (18), discharge outlet (19), residuals outlet (20), nanometer filter cloth material collecting bin (21), screw rod for casing-opening (22), handle for casing-opening (23), self-pressurized automatic-control liquid nitrogen cooling device (24), and liquid nitrogen conveying pipes (25).

Abstract: A shredder is disclosed having a gas detection system. According to one embodiment, one or more sensors may be placed inside the housing of the shredder to detect the presence of gases, and in particular, flammable or combustible gases. If a gas is sprayed into the shredder, the sensor(s) will detect the gas and the shredder may be deactivated. In addition, an exhaust fan may also be activated to purge the gas from the housing. Further, one or more indicators may be provided to alert the user that the sensor has detected gas. For example, a visible signal and/or audible sound may be generated to alert the user that the sensor has detected a flammable or combustible gas.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of beneficiating slag, including mixing the slag with water to form a slurry. The slurry is screened through a first screen to remove a first portion of material and then screened through a second screen to remove a second portion of material. In one embodiment, the second portion of material has a carbon content less than about 5% and, more preferably, a carbon content less than about 1%.

Abstract: A destructive device, wherein treated material (1) including a foam body is pre-compressed in thickness direction and fed to the opposed part of a pair of compression rolls (21, 22), partition walls forming independent air bubbles in the foam body is destructed by the compression rolls (21, 22) and foam gas is arrested into a cover (3) installed on the outlet side of the compression rolls (21, 22), the foam gas is liquefied and separated by a cooling and liquefying device (6) through a cooling device (15) after pressurized, together with medium gas (41) for collection, by a pressurizing device (5), and the medium gas for collection from which the foam gas is separated is returned into the cover (3), whereby, since the foam gas is liquefied and separated in pressurized state by the cooling and liquefying device (6) by arresting the foam gas in high density inside the cover (3), the device can be remarkably downsized and simplified, and a device cost and an operation cost can also be remarkably reduced.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and apparatus for recycling toner cartridges. A shredder breaks up the toner cartridges into pieces, thereby releasing any toner from within the otherwise substantially sealed cartridges. The toner pieces along with any free toner powder are then fed through a separation stage including a mechanical separator and a trommel separator. Each separator employs a sifting screen, which allows smaller particles to fall through the screen while holding back the larger pieces. Both separators agitate the pieces to mobilize the smaller particles. A vacuum extraction system is used to withdraw air from around the cartridge pieces and an air ionizer is included for feeding ionized air into the apparatus to reduce any static electronic charge buildup. The toner is then removed from the extracted air by a dust collector.

Abstract: A apparatus for crushing waste metal products includes a rotor having a crushing device on a periphery thereof and a casing enclosing the rotor. The casing has an inlet and an outlet for products to be crushed. An exhaust gas from the casing is partly returned to the inlet of the casing by a circulator. The rest of the exhaust gas is ventilated and processed by an exhaust processor. An oxygen concentration is monitored in a gas pathway of the circulator to control the gas concentration in the casing. If the oxygen concentration is high, a water shower sprays into the casing.

Abstract: A plant and a process for crushing and mash production is provided wherein the raw material to be processed is broken up and mashed in a mill system. Prior to the mill system (1) being filled with the material (6) to be crushed the mill system is filled with an inert gas from a gas reservoir (13) so that the atmospheric oxygen in the mill system (1) is substantially displaced. After the mill system (1) has been filled, the latter is sealed in substantially gas-tight manner and the raw material (6) is ground and mashed in, subject to exclusion of atmospheric oxygen.

Abstract: An apparatus for crushing waste metal products includes a rotor having crushing means on a periphery thereof and a casing enclosing the rotor. The casing has an inlet and an outlet for products to be crushed. An exhaust gas from the casing is partly returned to the inlet of the casing by a circulator. The rest of the exhaust gas is ventilated and processed by an exhaust processor. An oxygen concentration is monitored in a gas pathway of the circulator to control the gas concentration in the casing. If the oxygen concentration is high, a water shower sprays into the casing.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for grinding containers that contain a powder. The apparatus includes (i) a grinder, (ii) an enclosure for confinement of the powder released during grinding, (iii) a supply of an inert atmosphere, and (iv) a conduit which directs the inert atmosphere from the supply into the enclosure. Also provided is a process for grinding containers that contain a powder, the grinding being carried within an atmosphere of an enclosure.

Abstract: In a grinding/pulverizing system the combustion of the material being processed is avoided by grinding or pulverizing the material at temperatures below the combustion temperature of the material, and/or in an atmosphere of reduced oxygen level incapable of supporting combustion of the material at the processing temperature.

Abstract: Molten matte or slag is water granulated by feeding molten matte or slag through a launder to a granulator tank. The tank includes sloping walls and is equipped with adjustable overflow weirs and one or more of spray nozzles. These nozzles are positioned such that the water that they emit impacts on substantially all of the molten matte or slag that is fed to the granulator tank. The granulation tank is optionally coated with a polymeric material to reduce the potential for phreatic explosions. The granulator is also optionally equipped with a gas offtake which can be connected directly to a quench tower which in turn can be connected to an induced ventilation system.

Abstract: A fire safety device for an outlet of a shredder device. The fire safety device is positioned juxtaposed an exhaust chute and an outlet of the shredder. The fire safety device is operative to force shredded products from the outlet and to close off the exhaust chute to the shredder. The fire safety device prevents oxygen from entering the exhaust chute so that a fire cannot be sustained in the shredder.

Abstract: Apparatus for grinding material which enters the grinder in a wet condition and is subject to drying heat at the grinder to leave moisture in the ground material directed for independently material separation so the propelling initially hot gases looses its temperature level before returning to the grinder. A portion of the returning gases carrying ground fine with moisture therein is directed into a bag house to recover the fines and a portion of the drying heat is directed into the bag house to independently maintain a temperature level above the dew point temperature level in the bag house to prevent moisture from plugging the bag house. The apparatus provides two circulation loops, each with its independent moisture control, and a common transport for collecting product from each loop.

Abstract: A process and apparatus is disclosed for treating fibrous material under pressure which includes at least two pressure relief devices. The pressure relief devices are arranged so that only one at a time is exposed to pressure during the treatment process. When the exposed pressure relief device is ruptured in response to an abnormal increase in pressure, the ruptured device may be isolated and the second pressure relief device exposed to the operating pressure so that the treatment apparatus may be operated on a substantially continuous basis.

Abstract: A shredding and feeding system for an incinerator, wherein a shredding chamber is isolated from atmosphere by means of an airlock through which material to be incinerated passes into the shredding chamber. The oxygen content of the shredding chamber is maintained below a predetermined level to minimize risk of explosions and premature incineration of material.

Abstract: A mill inert apparatus for preventing the explosion of a mill inert apparatus which comprises a drain separator and a drain trap for separating and removing drain contained in an inert vapor, and a drain discharge route for discharging the separated drain. Furthermore, a method for preventing the explosion of a coal pulverizer which comprises the step of introducing an inert medium into the coal pulverizer in specific operation stages so that an oxygen concentration in the coal pulverizer may be in the range of from 13% to 15%.

Abstract: An apparatus shreds hazardous waste drums and their contents in an oxygen-limited environment, transports the shredded material to a dispenser that dispenses metered amounts of the material into fire pails. The apparatus has two vertically separated shredders that are located in an enclosed shell that has an inert gas fed into it in a controlled manner by a purge system. A lift in an enclosed shaft raises the drums, two at a time, and deposits them into an airlock from which they are released one at a time into the upper shredder. A control system automatically processes the material through the apparatus from when the containers are placed into the lift until the material reaches the dispenser and insures that no stage of the process will commence until the proceeding and following stages are completed. The control system also provides safety checks at each stage to prevent handling or processing accidents.

Abstract: To reduce the possibility of explosions, an upper fogging header having a plurality of nozzles is connected to the pulverizer and the operation of the upper fogging header, a lower fogging header and a primary duct fogging header is automated.

Abstract: A shredding and feeding system for an incinerator wherein a shredding chamber is isolated from atmosphere by means of an airlock through which material to be incinerated passes into the shredding chamber. The oxygen content of the shredding chamber is maintained below a predetermined level to minimize risk of explosions and premature incineration of material.

Abstract: A method and a system are provided for preventing explosions within solid waste disposal facilities having a shredder, a shredder infeed conveyor, a shredder discharge conveyor, a trough conveyor, and a boiler. The system includes a gas sensor, a foam generator and associated nozzles, and gas dilution fans. The foam nozzles are positioned adjacent to the trough conveyor and are actuated when a signal is generated by the gas sensor. The foam acts as a fire and explosion break between the shredder and all subsequent areas of the facility.

Abstract: A safety control system for a coal pulverizing mill is disclosed. The control system utilizes measurements of the net oxygen level and the carbon monoxide equivalent (CO.sub.e) level of the combustible gases within the pulverizing mill. First levels of the net oxygen and the rate of carbon monoxide equivalent change in the pulverizing mill are utilized in a control logic system to actuate alarms. Second levels of the net oxygen and the carbon monoxide equivalent (CO.sub.e) level in the pulverizing mill are utilized to accomplish the inerting of the mill.

Abstract: A safety control system for a coal pulverizing mill is disclosed. The control system utilizes measurements of the net oxygen level and the carbon monoxide equivalent (CO.sub.e) level of the combustible gases within the pulverizing mill. First levels of the net oxygen and the rate of carbon monoxide equivalent change in the pulverizing mill are utilized in a control logic system to actuate alarms. Second levels of the net oxygen and the carbon monoxide equivalent (CO.sub.e) level in the pulverizing mill are utilized to accomplish the inerting of the mill.

Abstract: A combination inerting and fire extinguishing system particularly suited for employment in a pulverizing bowl mill (10) of the type that is operative for effecting the grinding of material and that includes a substantially closed separator body (16) in which a grinding table (18) is supported for rotation relative thereto and a plurality of grinding rolls (22) are also supported therewithin such that the plurality of grinding rolls (22) cooperate with the rotating grinding table (18) to effect a grinding of the material disposed upon the grinding table (18). The subject inerting and fire extinguishing means includes a continuous purging means, a backup inerting means, a pulverizing bowl mill clearing means and a water injection fire suppression means. The continuous purging means is operative during any inerting sequence to cause an inerting medium to flow continually through the pulverizing bowl mill (10) so as to ensure that there is no buildup of volatile gases therewithin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a rotation crusher which treats refuse and seeks to prevent explosions by controlling the volume of steam fed into the crusher to keep the temperature inside a main body of the crusher between about 70.degree. C. to 100.degree. C. so that the steam content may be regulated to exceed a certain value to keep the oxygen content below an explosion preventive critical value, thereby preventing completely explosions inside the crusher.

Abstract: A safety control system is disclosed for a coal pulverizer utilizing the measurements of net oxygen and carbon monoxide measurements of the pulverizer atmosphere. First levels of net oxygen and rate of carbon monoxide change are utilized in a control logic system to actuate alarms and automatic inerting of the pulverizer is accomplished utilizing a second level of net oxygen measurement and absolute carbon monoxide level in the pulverizer.

Abstract: An automatic compactor enhancement reduces the volume of compactable low-level radioactive wastes and transfers the reduced wastes to a nearby waste compactor. The wastes are shredded by a primary shredder assembly and a secondary shredder assembly. The system employs a pressure-controlled enclosure means to house the shredder assemblies and to control the release of wastes to the environment. A number of safety features are integrated into the system to enhance the operational safety of the system.

Abstract: A method of comminuting a rare earth metallic alloy powder by impact milling for facilitating formation of an improved rare earth magnet.

Abstract: A process and plant for mechanical treatment of municipal refuse, including transformation and subsequent reuse of various directly or indirectly usable products. The process permits complete separation of the combustibles, vegetable matter, hard plastics, PVC, ferrous scrap and inert substances, and includes the following steps, starting from the receiving pit: tearing open the sacks containing the municipal refuse and thoroughly mixing the slime; charging a treatment line wherein the combustible, vegetable matter, hard plastics, PVC and glass bottles fractions undergo primary separation; collecting some of the separated products as directly usable products; and routing the remainder of the separated products to lines for treatment of the various fractions contained therein.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pulverizing, drying and transporting system for a pulverized fuel of a blast furnace of the type having at least one hot stove for supplying hot blast air, said hot stove also providing hot stove exhaust gas. The system includes a pulverizing and drying unit for pulverizing lamp raw fuel and drying the pulverized fuel. The hot stove gas is supplied to the pulverizing and drying unit. The hot stove exhaust gas dries the pulverized fuel and conveys it to a pulverized fuel collecting and separating device which separates the gas from the pulverized fuel. The line supplying the hot stove gas to the pulverizing and drying unit includes a heating device for selectively supplying additional heat to the hot stove exhaust gas. Moreover, the line for supplying the hot stove gas to the pulverizing and drying unit can include at least one of a temperature stabilizing device and a cooling device.

Abstract: A method of reducing the liberation of dust particles from a dry particulate matter is disclosed. The particulate matter is transferred to a location where it falls through the air, a small amount of water is introduced onto the particles of material in the material stream, the water being added in the amount of at least 1.01 % and no more than 1% of the weight of the dry particulate matter. The wetted particles contact each other and are distributed generally uniformally throughout the remainder of the material. The delivery of the wetted particles is delayed by a period of at least one second. A smooth path is provided for the material stream after the uniform distribution and prior to discharge at the discharge location.

Abstract: The frequency of explosive events in mills and other processing equipment is reduced and their severity lessened by introducing an aqueous microdroplet dispersion of controlled particle size range into the equipment under conditions such as to ensure survival of an adequate microdroplet population during transit through the equipment. Droplet diameter is limited to a size range of less than about 20 microns so as to avoid impingement stripping of the droplets from suspension and the relative humidity of an air stream passing through the equipment is adjusted to avoid droplet loss through evaporation.

Abstract: A disposal unit for the safe disposal of aerosol containers and the like pressurized containers for inflammable gases or toxic chemicals, in which the containers are punctured or otherwise destroyed, by for example a shredder fed from a sealed hopper, and separated from fluid initially contained therein, in an enclosure through which a stream of air passes to an exhaust outlet but which is otherwise sealed against the egress of gases at normal operating temperatures and pressures. The stream of air passing through the enclosure is made sufficient to dilute the gases released following destruction of the containers to a level below the flash point of the gas/air mixture.

Abstract: A bar is intermittently movable through an explosion sensing port in the wall of a chamber for cleaning the port without blocking it. The chamber is coupled to a mechanism for introducing a suppression agent into the chamber for suppressing or smothering an explosion within the chamber, and further has a pressure responsive device for actuating the explosion suppressing mechanism whenever the fluid pressure sensed through the sensing port reaches a predetermined value due to an explosion within the chamber. A duct fluidly connects the sensing port to the pressure responsive device, and the bar is movably mounted within a portion of the duct.

Abstract: Pressure relief for material shredders to immediately vent pressure rise within the working spaces of a material shredder and prevent structural damage to the shredder and surrounding equipment. The pressure relief is also directed to structure for controlling rapid rise in pressure by directing the same into an area beyond the shredder where the energy in waste material of an explosive character, like gasoline cans, aerosol containers, and material that burn with explosive results can be dissipated non destructively.

Abstract: A method is provided for inhibiting the occurrence of explosions or puffs in a coal pulverizing mill by introducing a sufficient amount of water vapor into the primary air stream of a coal pulverizing system immediately prior to the introduction of coal at start-up and during stripping at shutdown.

Abstract: A system in which coal is ground and transported in an inert atmosphere to a place of burning which may be a rotary kiln or a furnace, and in which system the coal being ground is used as the medium to produce the drying and inerting while the transporting media is the air brought in from outside the system and treated in a heating unit to consume part of the normal oxygen so it is rendered inert by the time it circulates in the system as the transporting media.

Abstract: A continuous mixer or kneader, particularly for explosive, potentially explosive, and other critical materials, wherein longitudinally split barrel sections are maintained closed by a mechanism which is actuated to instantly split the barrel sections under emergency conditions to permit the material inside to be treated to prevent or inhibit ignition of the material. The machine includes an extruding die and a cutter, for cutting extruded strands to lengths, which is coupled to the mixer shaft in the barrel, and in addition includes mechanism for interrupting the cutting of strands when the barrel sections are split.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improvement in the process of and a device for shredding scrap automobiles, trucks, appliances, white goods and the like, which improvement substantially reduces and in most cases eliminates the damage from explosions during the process of and within the equipment for shredding scrap automobiles, trucks, white goods and the like by adequately venting the equipment during the process so as to prevent pressure build-up within the system after initiation of an explosion.