Abstract: Process for the synthesis of ammonia from natural gas comprising conversion of a charge of desulphurized natural gas and steam, with oxygen-enriched air or oxygen, into a synthesis gas, and treatment of the synthesis gas with shift reaction and decarbonation, wherein a part of the CO2-depleted synthesis gas, obtained after decarbonation, is separated and used as fuel fraction for one or more furnaces of the conversion section, and the remaining part of the gas is used to produce ammonia.

Abstract: An ammonia decomposition apparatus comprises a casing, a heating zone, a heat exchange zone, a reaction section and a heat exchange coil. The heat exchange coil is spirally wound on an outer wall of the reaction section to efficiently heat ammonia gas. The reaction section has a first reaction zone and a second reaction zone communicated successively, the ammonia gas decomposed into a nitrogen-hydrogen mixture after entering the first reaction zone, with the second reaction zone decomposing for the second time the residual ammonia gas in the nitrogen-hydrogen mixture produced in the first reaction zone, so that the ammonia gas is decomposed more thoroughly. The conversion rate of ammonia gas can reach 99.9% or more, and the residual amount of ammonia gas in the nitrogen-hydrogen mixture can be less than 1000 ppm.

Abstract: The present disclosure is characterized by inexpensively treating an ammonia gas contained in an exhaust gas after nitriding without performing combustion, adsorption using an adsorption agent, or the like. A vacuum carburizing device of the present disclosure includes a heating furnace which heats a workpiece, an ammonia gas supply device which supplies an ammonia gas and nitrides the workpiece to the heating furnace, and a thermal decomposition furnace which thermally decomposes the ammonia gas discharged from the heating furnace after nitriding.

Abstract: A system and method for argon and nitrogen extraction from a feed stream comprising hydrogen, methane, nitrogen and argon, such as a low-pressure tail gas of an ammonia production plant is provided. The disclosed system and method provides for a rectification system wherein an argon depleted gaseous stream and a methane rich liquid stream are produced and subsequently combined in whole or in part prior to vaporization. Nitrogen and argon containing streams may also be produced from the rectification system. An argon stripping column arrangement is also disclosed where residual argon is removed from the methane-rich fuel gas and recycled back to the feed stream.

Abstract: A system and method for argon and nitrogen extraction from a feed stream comprising hydrogen, methane, nitrogen and argon, such as tail gas of an ammonia production plant is provided. The disclosed system and method provides for nitrogen-argon rectification and the methane rejection within a column system comprised of at least one distillation column. Nitrogen and argon are further separated and to produce liquid products. An argon stripping column arrangement is disclosed where residual argon is further removed from the methane-rich fuel gas and recycled back to the feed stream.

Abstract: A system and method for cryogenic purification of a hydrogen, nitrogen, methane and argon containing feed stream to produce a methane free, hydrogen and nitrogen containing synthesis gas and a methane rich fuel gas, as well as to recover an argon product stream, excess hydrogen, and excess nitrogen is provided. The disclosed system and method are particularly useful as an integrated cryogenic purifier in an ammonia synthesis process in an ammonia plant. The excess nitrogen is a nitrogen stream substantially free of methane and hydrogen that can be used in other parts of the plant, recovered as a gaseous nitrogen product and/or liquefied to produce a liquid nitrogen product.

Abstract: A system and method for argon and nitrogen extraction and liquefaction from a low-pressure tail gas of an ammonia production plant is provided. The preferred tail gas of the ammonia production plant comprises methane, nitrogen, argon, and hydrogen. The disclosed system and method provides for the methane rejection via rectification and hydrogen rejection by way of a side stripper column or phase separator. The resulting nitrogen and argon containing stream is separated and liquefied in a double column distillation system.

Abstract: A system and method for argon and nitrogen extraction from a feed stream comprising hydrogen, methane, nitrogen and argon, such as tail gas of an ammonia production plant is provided. The disclosed system and method provides for nitrogen-argon rectification and the methane rejection within a column system comprised of at least one distillation column. Nitrogen and argon are further separated and to produce liquid products. An argon stripping column arrangement is disclosed where residual argon is further removed from the methane-rich fuel gas and recycled back to the feed stream.

Abstract: A system and method for cryogenic purification of a hydrogen, nitrogen, methane and argon containing feed stream to produce a methane free, hydrogen and nitrogen containing synthesis gas and a methane rich fuel gas, as well as to recover an argon product stream, excess hydrogen, and excess nitrogen is provided. The disclosed system and method are particularly useful as an integrated cryogenic purifier in an ammonia synthesis process in an ammonia plant. The excess nitrogen is a nitrogen stream substantially free of methane and hydrogen that can be used in other parts of the plant, recovered as a gaseous nitrogen product and/or liquefied to produce a liquid nitrogen product.

Abstract: In a working vehicle, an exhaust gas aftertreatment device is provided in an engine compartment that is adjacent to a cooling fan through which cooling air is supplied to a heat exchanger. The exhaust gas aftertreatment device includes a selective catalytic reduction device in which ammonia obtained from a urea aqueous solution is used as a reduction-causing agent. A urea aqueous solution pipe through which the urea aqueous solution is supplied is laid to the selective catalytic reduction device through the engine compartment. In the engine compartment, a pipeline-forming member having pipelines in which the urea aqueous solution pipe is installed. The cooling air sucked by a cooling fan flows into the pipelines.

Abstract: A process for producing ammonia make-up synthesis gas and a procedure for revamping a front-end of an ammonia plant for producing ammonia make-up synthesis gas are disclosed, wherein the make-up synthesis gas is produced by means of steam reforming of a hydrocarbon gaseous feedstock; said front-end includes a primary reformer, a secondary reformer, a shift conversion section, a CO2 removal section and optionally a methanation section; a shell-and-tube gas-heated reformer is installed after said secondary reformer, and a portion of the available feedstock is reformed in the tubes of said gas-heated reformer, and heat is provided to the shell side of said gas-heated reformer by at least a portion of product gas leaving the secondary reformer, possibly mixed with product gas leaving the tubes of said gas-heated reformer.

Abstract: The goal of the invention consists in making available a method for supplying fuel to a pressurized gasification system, which ensures, in economically efficient manner, that the emission of pollutants from the coal transfer and the transport is minimized or completely avoided. This is achieved in that a gas that contains at least 10 ppm vol. CO is used for transfer and/or conveying, whereby a gas that contains oxygen is mixed into this gas, and that this gas mixture is heated to a temperature that oxidizes at least 10% of the pollutants contained in the gas.

Abstract: A process for producing a synthesis gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen, suitable for production of ammonia, wherein a raw synthesis gas (13) obtained by reforming of a natural gas feedstock is purified in a cryogenic separator (CS), and a portion of purified gas (16) is expanded and used as a cooling medium in the same separator, said expanded portion (16) being then re-introduced in the main stream of purified synthesis gas. A suitable apparatus and revamping of conventional plants according to the invention are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for producing ammonia synthesis gas, where a natural gas feedstock (10) is reformed in a primary steam reformer (12) and in a secondary reformer (14) at a pressure of at least 35 bar; the product syngas (16) at the output of the secondary reformer is cooled and subject to catalytic medium-temperature shift, converting the CO into CO2 and H2; downstream said medium-temperature shift, the carbon dioxide is removed from the syngas by physical absorption.

Abstract: Partial oxidation/steam reformers (222) which use heat integrated steam cycles and steam to carbon ratios of at least about 4:1 to enable efficient operation at high pressures suitable for hydrogen purification unit operations such as membrane separation (234) and pressure swing adsorption.

Abstract: Mobile transport platforms for producing hydrogen and structural materials, and associated systems and methods are disclosed. A system in accordance with a particular embodiment includes a mobile transport platform and a chemical reactor carried by the mobile transport platform. The chemical reactor is configured to dissociate a donor into first and second constituents in a non-combustion reaction. The reactor has a donor entrance port, a first constituent exit port, and a second constituent exit port. A donor supply is carried by the mobile transport platform and is coupled to the donor entrance port to deliver the donor to the reactor. A first collector is coupled to the first constituent exit port to receive the first constituent from the reactor. A second collector is coupled to the second constituent exit port to receive the second constituent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process of coproducing methanol and ammonia by using natural gas, LPG, butane, or naphtha as a raw material, having a methanol production process (A) composed of specific steps and an ammonia production process (B) also composed of specific steps.

Abstract: A process and a related equipment for making ammonia make-up synthesis gas are disclosed, where: a hydrocarbon feedstock is reformed obtaining a raw ammonia make-up syngas stream; said raw syngas is purified in a cryogenic purification section refrigerated by a nitrogen-rich stream produced in an air separation unit; the nitrogen-rich stream at output of said cryogenic section is further used for adjusting the hydrogen/nitrogen ratio of the purified make-up syngas; an oxygen-rich stream is also produced in said air separation unit and is fed to the reforming section.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus for supplying amine, including: transfer pipe through which amine is transferred; a heat wire which heats the amine that flows through the transfer pipe; a temperature control sensor which controls the temperature in the transfer pipe; and a product recovery valve which recovers product resulting from thermal decomposition of the amine, and a method for supplying amine using the same. The apparatus and method for supplying amine are capable of economically and effectively supplying amine utilizing the thermal decomposition properties of the amine, and may be used to supply amine, for example, to circulating water for power plants.

Abstract: The present invention is a combustion system employing a urea-to-ammonia vapor reactor system. The urea-to-ammonia reactor housing enclosed in a bypass flow duct that receives a secondary flue gas stream at a split point from a main flue gas stream containing nitrogen oxides (NOx) emanating from a boiler. The bypass flow duct allows the secondary flue gas stream to flow past the enclosed reactor housing where injected aqueous urea in atomized or non-atomized form, is gasified to ammonia vapor. The resulting gaseous mixtures of ammonia, its by-products and the secondary flue gas stream subsequently rejoin the main stream, before the main flue gases are treated through a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) reactor apparatus. A residence time of the secondary stream within the bypass flow duct, which may be increased by a recirculation loop, enables effective conversion of urea to ammonia to be used in the SCR apparatus.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of gas products from a raw synthesis gas (feedstock) that is obtained by gasification of carbon and/or heavy oil and that contains largely soot-free hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) as well as sour gases (CO2, H2S, and COS), as well as a device for implementing the process. At least three gas products are produced in parallel from the feedstock by means of water gas shift, sour gas wash, secondary gas cleaning, and the mixing and/or recycling of process streams, whereby the gas products are pure hydrogen (31) and/or pure carbon monoxide (48) and/or ammonia synthesis gas (NH3 syngas) (36) and/or methanol synthesis gas (MeOH syngas) (69) and/or synthesis gas for an oxo-alcohol synthesis (Oxo syngas) (62) and/or combustible gas for a gas turbine (IGCC fuel) (72) and/or synthesis gas for a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FT syngas) (65).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for extracting hydrogen from a gas containing methane, especially natural gas. Hydrocarbons contained in the gas are catalytically broken down in a reformer (4) by steam in order to form hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Catalytic conversion of the obtained carbon monoxide with steam occurs in a downstream conversion step in order to form carbon monoxide and water. Carbon dioxide is removed from the converted gas flow (8) by gas washing (7), and the washed hydrogen-rich gas flow (10) is subsequently divided in a pressure-swing adsorption system (11) into a product gas flow (12) made of hydrogen and a waste gas flow (13). The waste gas flow (13) is introduced with hydrogen (14), which is separated from the gas flow (10) after gas washing, into a reformer (4) which is essentially a carbon-free combustible gas, and is combusted there. The invention also relates to a system for carrying out the method.

Abstract: A process for producing a synthesis gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen, suitable for production of ammonia, wherein a raw synthesis gas (13) obtained by reforming of a natural gas feedstock is purified in a cryogenic separator (CS), and a portion of purified gas (16) is expanded and used as a cooling medium in the same separator, said expanded portion (16) being then re-introduced in the main stream of purified synthesis gas. A suitable apparatus and revamping of conventional plants according to the invention are also disclosed.

Abstract: A stream of liquid methanol containing ammonia and other species is sent to the top of a countercurrent stripping column. The stream is stripped with a flow of ambient-temperature nitrogen or another inert gas. The column can be packed with random dumped packing. The overhead vapor contains ammonia and the liquid exiting the column has a reduced amount of ammonia. Removing ammonia can reduce or prevent fouling or corrosion caused by ammonia (and other compounds).

Abstract: A gas mixture for laser beam fusion cutting is disclosed. The gas mixture essentially contains N2 and smaller fractions of O2 and H2. The gas can be produced in an extremely cost-effective manner by the enrichment of a starting product consisting of impure nitrogen that contains 1-6% O2 with H2.

Abstract: A process gas and a process of laser machining, such as laser beam fusion cutting or laser beam welding is provided. A gas mixture that contains at least oxygen and hydrogen, in addition to an inert has, is used as the process gas. The ratio of oxygen to hydrogen in the process gas is hypostoichiometric with respect to the reaction 2 H2+O2+?2 H2O, which causes the process gas to exhibit a reductive effect.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the utilization of a feedstock essentially comprising nitrogen-organic compounds, in which the utilization takes place by gasifying the feedstock under normal pressure or an increased pressure, up to 40 bar, at temperatures at least about 900° C., and preferably between 1100° C., and 1600° C., by partial oxidation using a gasifying medium containing free oxygen, as a flame reaction in an entrained bedgasifier. An apparatus for carrying out the process is described.

Abstract: A fingerprint capture or processing apparatus incorporates a casing defining a sealable chamber, a first support in the chamber for holding a source of a chemical fingerprint fixative agent, a second support in the chamber for holding an article to be tested for fingerprints, a filtration system connected to the chamber for removing contaminants from air in the chamber, and an air circulation assembly operatively connected to the casing for circulating air from the chamber and through the filtration system. Preferably, the air circulation assembly is a closed system, ensuring that no contaminants will be spilled to the ambient atmosphere prior to complete cleansing of the air inside the casing. A humidity control device may be connected to the air circulation assembly for modifying a humidity level in the chamber to a predetermined relative humidity, thus optimizing effectiveness of the chemical fingerprint fixation agent.

Abstract: A system for ammonia vapor generation includes a liquid ammonia supply source, a vapor generation tank including an inlet to receive liquid ammonia from the supply source and an outlet to discharge ammonia gas from the vapor generation tank, a first heat transfer system to cool liquid ammonia fed from the supply source to the vapor generation tank and to provide external cooling to the vapor generation tank, and a second heat transfer system to heat liquid ammonia within the vapor generation tank. The first and second heat transfer systems facilitate the discharge of ammonia gas from the vapor generation tank at a substantially constant flow rate and pressure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of decomposing an ammonia gas, including the step of decomposing an ammonia gas, into a nitrogen gas with use of a composite material as a catalyst. The composite material has a carrier made mainly of carbon and at least one kind of an active element which is supported by the carrier and selected from alkaline earth metals and transition metals.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for producing a gas mixture containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and optionally nitrogen, from at least a hydrocarbon such as methane, propane, butane or LPG or natural gas, which consists in performing a partial catalytic oxidation (1) of one or several hydrocarbons, at a temperature of 500° C., at a pressure of 3 to 20 bars, in the pre of oxygen or a gas containing oxygen, such as air, to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide; then in recuperating the gas mixture which can subsequently be purified or separated, by pressure swing adsorption, temperature swing adsorption of by permeation (3), to produce hydrogen having a purity of at least 80% and a residue gas capable of supplying a cogeneration unit In another embodiment, the gas mixture can subsequently be purified of its water vapour impurities and carbon dioxide to obtain a thermal treatment atmosphere containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and nitrogen.

Abstract: Apparatus and a method of providing a water-based fluid with active hydrogen having selected characterstics including providing at least one material (10) having selected characteristics and supply of hydrogen atoms from at least one material (10) to fluid, whereby the fluid receives hydrogen atoms from the material (10), which hydrogen atoms have the selected characteristics.

Abstract: A system for producing ammonia by integrating blast furnace ironmaking with ammonia production wherein cryogenic rectification links the two systems enabling the production of ammonia synthesis gas from blast furnace gas for use in the ammonia production.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the production of a synthesis gas mixture containing carbon oxides and hydrogen from a hydrocarbon feedstock material comprising: providing a reforming zone having a plurality of chambers charged with a catalyst effective for catalysis of at least one reforming reaction; supplying to the chambers of the reforming zone a vaporous mixture of the hydrocarbon feedstock and a reforming reagent; maintaining the reforming zone under suitable reforming conditions for reforming of the hydrocarbon feedstock and reforming reagent to form the synthesis gas mixture by supplying to the reforming zone a fuel for heating the chambers by combustion and by supplying to the steam reforming zone a vaporous steam comprising combustion oxygen in which the fuel may be combusted; humidifying the vaporous steam comprising combustion oxygen; exchanging heat between the humidified vaporous steam comprising combustion oxygen entering the reforming zone and the synthesis gas mixture exiting th

Abstract: A process for the generation of a protective nitrogen-based atmosphere for the performance of heat treatments of metal articles in three phases, including an initial phase in which a gaseous hydrocarbon feed and an oxidant containing oxygen react on a first catalyst to form a reaction product, a second phase in which the reaction product is added to nitrogen contaminated by the presence of oxygen and a third phase in which the reaction product is conveyed to a second catalyst to form a low-dew point gaseous mixture as a protective atmosphere.

Abstract: Dissociated ammonia carrier gas used as a reference gas is obtained from an ammonia dissociator which also provides dissociated ammonia carrier gas to a nitriding furnace whereby the source of ammonia supply gas is the same. An oxygen probe is used to regulate the nitriding potential of a nitriding furnace and atmosphere for process control and high quality nitrided parts. The method further includes correlating the probe mV output signal to a nitriding potential and adjusting the ratio of ammonia supply gas to dissociated ammonia carrier gas at the inlet of the nitriding furnace.

Abstract: Process of producing power comprising:providing a turbine adapted to generate shaft work, said turbine having a combustor; and a rocket engine having a nozzle and a compressor means;feeding fuel and oxidant to the rocket engine and the rocket engine compressor means;feeding carbonaceous matter and steam into the rocket engine nozzle;processing the output of the rocket engine nozzle into fuel for the turbine;introducing said fuel and oxidant for the turbine to the turbine combustor; andrecycling a substantial portion of the hot exhaust from the turbine to the rocket engine compressor means; andcontrolling the inlet temperature to the turbine.Apparatus for producing power comprising a rocket engine and a turbine adapted to generate shaft work is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for quantitatively determining ionized calcium in a sample by using a phospholipase, which comprises carrying out an enzyme reaction with the phospholipase in a buffer comprising a nitrogen heterocycle-binding sulfonic acid having a pK ranging 6.6 to 7.6 or a salt thereof.According to the method of the invention, the amount of ionized calcium in a sample, such as serum, can be accurately determined.

Abstract: This invention relates to the production of hydrogen-rich gas by the partial oxidation of a saturated gaseous hydrocarbonaceous fuel or a mixture of saturated gaseous hydrocarbonaceous fuel and a liquid hydrocabonaceous fuel in a gas generator. In the process, a saturated gaseous hydrocarbonaceous fuel from a subsequent fuel gas saturator is preheated by indirect heat exchange with a portion of shifted process gas stream from a catalytic water-gas direct shift conversion zone and reacted in said partial oxidation gas generator. The process gas stream from the noncatalytic partial oxidation gas generator is quench cooled and scrubbed with water and preheated by indirect heat exchange with a second portion of the process gas stream from the shift conversion zone prior to catalytically reacting the CO and H.sub.2 O in the process gas stream in the shift conversion zone to increase its H.sub.2 content.

Abstract: A method for extinguishing hydrogen fires comprises introducing to the hydrogen fire a fire extinguishing concentration of 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane and maintaining the concentration until the fire is extinguished. The method includes heptafluoropropane at a range of 13-30% volume/volume in the air. The fire extinguishing methods also include the use of heptafluoropropane in blend with other fire extinguishing compounds. Also disclosed are atmospheres of hydrogen, an oxidizer, and a sufficient amount of 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane to render the atmosphere incapable of supporting combustion of the hydrogen, as well as related methods for preparing such atmospheres.

Abstract: A cartridge useful in detecting fingerprints includes a housing with a chamber therein and an outlet from the chamber. The chamber contains a thermally stable porous or fibrous support impregnated with both:1 ) a cyanoacrylate ester, and2) a volatile, emissive lanthanide metal-complex or actinide metal-complex. Upon the application of sufficient heat to the support, the cyanoacrylate and metal complex volatilize and co-deposit on fingerprint residue to enhance the visualization of the fingerprint.

Abstract: A process for producing low-cost furnace atmospheres suitable for annealing and heat treating ferrous and non-ferrous metals and alloys, brazing metals and ceramics, sealing glass to metals, and sintering non-ferrous metal and ceramic powders from non-cryogenically produced nitrogen containing from 0.05 to 5.0% residual oxygen is presented. The disclosed process involves 1) mixing non-cryogenically produced nitrogen with a predetermined amount of dissociated ammonia, 2) passing the mixture through a low-pressure drop catalytic reactor, 3) converting the residual oxygen to an acceptable form such as moisture and reducing the residual oxygen level to below about 10 ppm, and 4) using the resultant gaseous mixture for annealing and heat treating ferrous and non-ferrous metals and alloys, brazing metals and ceramics, sealing glass to metals, and sintering non-ferrous metal and ceramic powders.

Abstract: An apparatus for the production of heavier hydrocarbons from one or more gaseous light hydrocarbons is provided. The process of using the apparatus comprises reacting the gaseous light hydrocarbons by autothermal reforming with air in the presence of recycled carbon dioxide and steam to produce a synthesis gas stream containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The synthesis gas stream is reacted in the presence of a hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst containing cobalt to form heavier hydrocarbons and water from the hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The heavier hydrocarbons and water are separated, and the resulting residue gas stream is subjected to catalytic combustion with additional air to form a product stream comprising carbon dioxide and nitrogen. The carbon dioxide is separated from the nitrogen to produce a nitrogen product stream, and at least a portion of the separated carbon dioxide is recycled to the autothermal reforming step.

Abstract: A method for cleaning metallic impurities from a silicon surface of a semiconductor device is described. The first method includes, in sequence, the steps of:(a) exposing the silicon surface for a first time to a plasma afterglow anhydrous cleaning gas mixture containing nitric oxide and hydrogen chloride together with an inert carrier gas to remove metallic impurities, and then either;(b) exposing that surface for a second time to a plasma afterglow gas mixture of a fluorocarbon gas and hydrogen or carbon dioxide to remove the silicon oxynitrochloride film which is formed by step (a), leaving a fluorocarbon polymer film; and(c) exposing the surface for a third time to a plasma afterglow gas of oxygen to remove the fluorocarbon polymer film deposited in step (b); or(d) exposing that surface for a second time to a plasma afterglow gas mixture of inorganic fluorine compound gas, O.sub.2 and carrier gas to remove the silicon oxynitrochlorine film which is formed in step (a).

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the production of heavier hydrocarbons from one or more gaseous light hydrocarbons is provided. The process comprises reacting the gaseous light hydrocarbons by autothermal reforming with air in the presence of recycled carbon dioxide and steam to produce a synthesis gas stream containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The synthesis gas stream is reacted in the presence of a hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst containing cobalt to form heavier hydrocarbons and water from the hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The heavier hydrocarbons and water are separated, and the resulting residue gas stream is subjected to catalytic combustion with additional air to form a product stream comprising carbon dioxide and nitrogen. The carbon dioxide is separated from the nitrogen to produce a nitrogen product stream, and at least a portion of the separated carbon dioxide is recycled to the autothermal reforming step.

Abstract: A raw ammonia synthesis gas, preferably containing an excess of nitrogen, is converted to synthesis ready ammonia synthesis gas by two pressure swing adsorption (PSA) stages operated in succession. If the raw gas contains carbon monoxide this is chemically removed, e.g. by methanation, between the PSA stages. In the first PSA stage, CO.sub.2 is removed and waste gas from the second PSA stage is preferably fed back to the first PSA stage for sweeping, purging or repressurizing. In a preferred system the first PSA cycle includes a sweep with CO.sub.2 -rich gas prior to depressurization and purge with second PSA waste gas. In the second PSA stage inert medium boiling gases, and any unwanted nitrogen are removed as the waste gas.

Abstract: A carbonaceous feedstock, e.g. coal or heavy oil, having a low hydrogen to carbon atomic ratio is partially oxidized using air, or oxygen enriched or depleted air, to form a crude gas which is subjected to catalytic shift and excess steam removal. Carbon dioxide and nitrogen are then removed from the resultant raw gas, which has a hydrogen to nitrogen, plus carbon monoxide, volume ratio in the range 0.5 to 1.5 and a nitrogen content at least 10 times the carbon monoxide content, in a pressure swing adsorption process thereby producing a product gas stream containing at least 50% hydrogen and 0.5 to 40% nitrogen, by volume. The waste gas from the pressure swing adsorption may be catalytically combusted to power a turbine driving the compressor for the air or the crude gas.

Abstract: Carbon dioxide is removed from a raw gas containing hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and intermediate boiling gas, e.g. nitrogen, to give a gas suitable for use as a synthesis gas by a wet carbon dioxide removal process, and the resultant carbon dioxide depleted gas is subjected to pressure swing adsorption (PSA) to remove some, or all, of the intermediate boiling gas and the bulk of any residual carbon dioxide. The PSA waste gas is used to strip the absorbent liquid in the regeneration of the latter in the wet carbon dioxide removal process.The process is of particular utility in the manufacture of ammonia synthesis gas from a raw gas containing an excess of nitrogen, particularly as prepared by primary/secondary reforming/shift of a carbonaceous feedstock with partial bypass of the primary reforming stage.

Abstract: A process for the production of ammonia wherein excess nitrogen is fed to the secondary reformer and a cryogenic unit is employed to obtain a nitrogen-rich stream which is recycled at least in part to the cryogenic unit.

Abstract: This invention relates to a disinfecting epidermal cleaner using peroxidase, peroxide and iodide. The active components are maintained inactive until admixed in a .[.define.]. .Iadd.defined .Iaddend.proportion with water. The pH at which the peroxidase is stored is between 7.0 and 9.0 and the pH of the admixture of the active components is between 3.0 and 6.5.