Abstract: A system, method and apparatus for making evident, diesel exhaust fuel (DEF) contamination is provided. The system, for use with a diesel exhaust fluid system, includes a container having an opening to receive a diesel exhaust fluid. A reactive device is located near the opening and reactive upon exposure to one or more predetermined components potentially present in a fluid pourable into the container through the opening. The reactive device is not reactive to the diesel exhaust fluid.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to manufacturing or providing of glass or glass ceramic products. The invention is based on the object to allow for providing glass or glass ceramic products having very accurately characterized thermo-mechanical properties. For this purpose, a deformation of the glass or glass ceramic material is measured at least twice as a function of time with different rates of change in temperature or a mechanical stress. Based on the measurements, relaxation times and weighting factors are determined by modelling. Then, based on the relaxation times and weighting factors related to the distribution of relaxation processes occurring in the product, a time-delayed change of a temperature-dependent or stress-dependent physical quantity, such as thermal expansion or refractive index, is calculated as a function of a predefined temperature change or stress change. The invention is used for selecting during manufacturing suitable glass products exhibiting selected time-delayed properties.

Abstract: There is provided a system, a method, and a thermochromatic witness assembly to monitor a thermal environment of a composite structure. The thermochromatic witness assembly has a polymeric material and one or more thermochromatic probes mixed into the polymeric material to form a thermochromatic probe mixture. The thermochromatic probe mixture is applied to a transparent polymeric film, or is formed into the transparent polymeric film with a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) applied thereto, thus forming the thermochromatic witness assembly in a form of a thermochromatic applique. The thermochromatic applique is configured to be applied directly and continuously to a surface of the composite structure. The thermochromatic applique is further configured to monitor the thermal environment of the composite structure by detecting one or more temperatures and one or more times the surface of the composite structure is exposed to the thermal environment.

Abstract: There is provided a system and a method to map a thermal profile of a composite structure during curing in at least one of manufacture or repair of the composite structure. The system has a thermochromatic witness assembly having a first series of probes with a thermochromatic material applied either to a composite lay-up, or applied to a removable material adjacent the composite lay-up. The system further has a process assembly with a heat source to cure the thermochromatic witness assembly to form the composite structure. The system further has a light source to activate the thermochromatic material of the first series of probes to prompt an onset of color changes in the thermochromatic material to determine one or more maximum temperatures of the composite structure, to map the thermal profile of the composite structure during curing in at least one of manufacture or repair of the composite structure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a white-fluorescing dye blend comprising at least one neutral blending oil, a perylene-based compound, naphthalimide-based compound, and a coumarin-based compound. This white-fluorescing dye blend has a substantial fluorescent response to illumination by the entire range of commonly available inspection lamps. The resultant blended dye is an all-purpose blend that is satisfactory for all automotive fluids and all inspection lamps.

Abstract: A method comprising injection molding a plastic part from a polymer formulation comprising an injection moldable thermoplastic and an additive, wherein the additive has a decomposition temperature that establishes a maximum processing temperature for the polymer formulation. The additive will thermally decompose to generate gaseous products causing visible bubble formation in the surface of the plastic part in response to exposure to a processing temperature that exceeds the decomposition temperature of the additive. A suitable additive may be, for example, selected from oxalates, carbamic acids, carbonic acids, diazocarbonyl compounds, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A method comprising injection molding a plastic part from a polymer formulation comprising an injection moldable thermoplastic and a fluorescent compound, wherein the fluorescent compound has a decomposition temperature that establishes a maximum processing temperature for the polymer formulation. The fluorescent compound will thermally decompose to generate gaseous products causing visible bubble formation in the surface of the plastic part in response to exposure to a processing temperature that exceeds the decomposition temperature of the fluorescent compound. If the plastic part was processed without exposure to a processing temperature that exceeds the decomposition temperature of the fluorescent compound, then any fluorescent compound within the plastic part will cause the plastic part to fluoresce in response to exposure to black light. A suitable fluorescent compound may be, for example, selected from oxalates, carbamic acids, carbonic acids, diazocarbonyl compounds, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: An environmentally friendly penetrant used in non-destructive testing of material includes a vegetable oil fatty acid ester. A first embodiment of the penetrant is a post-emulsifiable fluorescent penetrant, a second embodiment of the penetrant is a heatable fluorescent penetrant, a third embodiment of the penetrant is a water washable fluorescent penetrant, a fourth embodiment of the penetrant is a visible water washable penetrant, and a fifth embodiment is a visible solvent removable penetrant. The heatable fluorescent penetrant includes a phenolic antioxidant to provide stability to at least approximately 120 degrees Fahrenheit. A method for using the heatable fluorescent penetrant includes heating the penetrant to lower penetrant viscosity and thus provide better penetration into flaws in the material.

Abstract: A method of measuring the coefficient of thermal expansion of a ceramic material, including the steps of applying a glaze to a substantially densified refractory body, wherein the coefficient of thermal expansion of either the glaze or the body is known, bonding the glaze to the body, putting the glaze insufficient tension to induce crazing, measuring the average distance between cracks in the crazed glaze; and determining the unknown coefficient of thermal expansion of the glaze or body.

Abstract: An adhesive adapted with particular optical properties, and its use to couple a substrate to a substrate holder during substrate processing are disclosed. After processing the substrate, the optical properties of the adhesive may be exploited to locate and/or remove adhesive residue that may be present on the substrate.

Abstract: An environmentally friendly penetrant used in non-destructive testing of material includes a vegetable oil fatty acid ester. A first embodiment of the penetrant is a post-emulsifiable fluorescent penetrant, a second embodiment of the penetrant is a heatable fluorescent penetrant, a third embodiment of the penetrant is a water washable fluorescent penetrant, a fourth embodiment of the penetrant is a visible water washable penetrant, and a fifth embodiment is a visible solvent removable penetrant. The heatable fluorescent penetrant includes a phenolic antioxidant to provide stability to at least approximately 120 degrees Fahrenheit. A method for using the heatable fluorescent penetrant includes heating the penetrant to lower penetrant viscosity and thus provide better penetration into flaws in the material.

Abstract: The claims are drawn to a method of detecting seal breakage or incomplete seal formation in a package, said method comprising the steps of: (i) providing said package, prior to sealing, with a strip or ring of an indicator comprising an oxygen scavenging composition which includes a source of labile hydrogen or electrons and at least one reducible organic compound, wherein said strip or ring is located on an internal surface adjacent to where a seal is to be formed, (ii) treating the strip or ring with electromagnetic energy so as to reduce the reducible organic compound to a reduced form which is oxidizable by ground state molecular oxygen regardless of the presence of a transition metal catalyst and such that, when oxidized, there is a detectable change in a characteristic of said composition selected from the group consisting of: colour, fluorescence emission and UV-visible, infrared or near-infrared absorption, (iii) subjecting said package to a sealing process intended to seal the package, and (iv) detec

Abstract: A temperature sensor comprises a thin layer of material the composition of which varies gradually over the layer thickness. The material is superconductive below a critical temperature the value of which depends on the composition of the material. The layer is connected, by means of electrodes to an electronic circuit for supplying current to the sensor and processing a temperature-dependent signal produced by the sensor.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is C.sub.12 -C.sub.30 alkyl, R.sup.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 alkyl, R.sup.3 is C.sub.1 14 Calkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkoxy, R.sup.4 may have one of the meanings of R.sup.3 or is halogen, k and n are each independently of the other 0, 1 or 2, and R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are each independently of the other C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, any of which alkyl groups as defined herein may also be partly fluorinated or perfluorinated, with the proviso that R.sup.1 is alkyl of not less than 18 carbon atoms if R.sup.2 is hydrogen or alkyl of less than 12 carbon atoms.From these compounds it is possible to prepare molecular aggregates, especially LB layer systems, which have reversible thermochromic and solvatochromic properties. The invention also relates to intermediates of formula II ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and n are as defined above.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for detecting fuel leaks employing color variable indicators. The method comprises the steps of preparing and applying a water soluble non-staining indicator dye to a test surface, observing color changes indicative of hydrocarbon leaks and removing the indicator dye from the test surface. The apparatus comprises in combination means for preparing the indicator dye, means for applying the indicator dye to the test surface and means for removing the dye from the test surface. The indicator dye comprises a major portion of a dry inert mineral carrier from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of a direct dye which is non-staining on painted surfaces and which does not migrate into or penetrate polyurethane or epoxy resin base painted surfaces, and from 0.1 to about 1.0 weight percent of a surfactant.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for detecting fuel leaks employing color variable indicators are disclosed. The method comprises the steps of preparing and applying a water soluble nonstaining indicator dye to a test surface, observing color changes indicative of hydrocarbon leaks and removing the indicator dye from the test surface. The apparatus comprises in combination means for preparing the indicator dye, means for applying the indicator dye to the test surface and means for removing the dye from the test surface. The indicator dye comprises a major portion of a dry inert mineral carrier and from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of a direct dye which is non-staining on painted surfaces and which does not migrate into or penetrate polyurethane or epoxy resin base painted surfaces.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for detecting fuel leaks employing color variable indicators. The method comprises the steps of preparing and applying a water soluble non-staining indicator dye to a test surface, observing color changes indicative of hydrocarbon leaks and removing the indicator dye from the test surface. The apparatus comprises in combination means for preparing the indicator dye, means for applying the indicator dye to the test surface and means for removing the dye from the test surface. The indicator dye comprises a major portion of a dry inert mineral carrier from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of a direct dye which is non-staining on painted surfaces and which does not migrate into or penetrate polyurethane or epoxy resin base painted surfaces, and from about 0.1 to about 1.0 weight percent of a surfactant.

Abstract: A liquid dye penetrant composition for use in non-destructive testing of objects to locate cracks and other defects or flaws therein, said composition comprising (1) a nonionic surfactant, such as an oxyalkylated aliphatic alcohol, (2) a small amount of a dye soluble in the surfactant and (3) a substantial and preferably a major proportion, of an N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone, preferably N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, as extender. Such composition is applied to the surface of an object containing cracks and other defects, water is applied to the surface of the object to remove excess liquid dye penetrant composition from the surface without removing such penetrant from such cracks and other defects, and with or without a developer, the surface of the object is viewed under suitable lighting conditions, e.g.

Abstract: A process and compositions for detecting improperly processed areas in heat treated aluminum are disclosed. A solution containing an acid or a base and an oxidizing agent and, if desired, a color enhancing ingredient is applied to an aluminum object to produce a color difference between those areas of the surface of the object which have been properly hardened and the areas resulting from improper heat treatment. The solution can be applied to the aluminum by brushing, swabbing, immersion or spraying. The acid or base in the solution attack the aluminum surface so that the oxidizing agent in the solution can react with the aluminum to produce the aforementioned color differential.