Abstract: An air diffuser of a heating, ventilation, and/or air conditioning (HVAC) system includes a mixing chamber having a circulation inlet and a mixing region, a room air intake fluidly coupled with the circulation inlet and separated from the mixing region by a blank-off plate, and a nozzle. The nozzle is disposed adjacent to the circulation inlet and configured to accelerate a conditioned air flow into the mixing region such that unconditioned room air is induced by the conditioned air flow to enter the mixing region through the circulation inlet and from the room air intake.

Abstract: The description relates to methods and apparatus that enable the efficient introduction of gases like air, oxygen and ozone into aqueous liquids. Gases are introduced into liquids for making that gas chemically or biologically available at a minimum energy expenditure. Impinging jets of liquid are directed into a pressurized saturation vessel having a gas-filled headspace and a saturation zone below the surface of the liquid at a velocity sufficient to create a turbulent impact and plunge zone. The resulting turbulence and mixing of gas and liquid in that zone under pressure, causes the gas to be driven into the liquid in the vessel and breaks up the gas and the liquid into a churning flow and creates a large number of bubbles. The resulting gas-enriched liquid is discharged from the vessel at an outlet to ensure a minimum of bubbles in the gas-enriched liquid.

Abstract: An electric rotating machine includes a machine housing having a mixed condensation chamber, a rotor accommodated in the machine housing, and a stator accommodated in the machine housing in adjacent relationship to the mixed condensation chamber. A cooling device includes a first assembly to expose at least a part of the stator and/or the rotor to a vaporization coolant which vaporizes when contacting the part so as to effect a vaporization cooling, and a second assembly to dispense a liquid condensation coolant into the mixed condensation chamber for contacting the vaporization coolant so as to effect a mixed condensation of the vaporized vaporization coolant with the liquid condensation coolant in the mixed condensation chamber.

Abstract: An exhaust treatment catalyst (5) is arranged in the engine exhaust passage, and hydrogen generated in the reformer (6) is supplied through the hydrogen supply pipe (13) to the inside of the engine exhaust passage upstream of the exhaust treatment catalyst (5). Heat exchange fins (15) for heat exchange with exhaust gas flowing through the inside of the engine exhaust passage are formed on the outer circumferential surface of the hydrogen supply pipe (13) inserted inside the engine exhaust passage.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a digital aroma system that provides a scented air on demand to various devices in various forms and user held devices including: remote controls and mobile computing devices. Dry fragrance infused substrates are contained in fragrance cartridges that are removably mounted in a cassette that is connected to a manifold that has airway passages that are connected to fans or pumps that are controlled by a computer processor. In response to a fragrance control signal, the processor can selectively direct scented air having a specified fragrance to a system user.

Abstract: A smelting apparatus that includes (a) a smelting vessel (4) that is adapted to contain a bath of molten metal and slag and (b) a smelt cyclone (2) for pre-treating a metalliferous feed material positioned above and communicating directly with the smelting vessel The apparatus also includes an oft-gas duct (9) extending from the smelt, cyclone for discharging an off-gas from the smelt cyclone. The off-gas duct has an inlet section (18) that extends upwardly from the smelt cyclone and is formed to cause off-gas to undergo a substantial change of direction as it flows through the inlet section of the off-gas duct.

Abstract: Methods, devices and systems are described for digitally creating new scents or digitally dispensing gas, vapor, or liquid substances.

Abstract: A water jet condenser with multiple closed water chambers and a jet flow adjusting valve used in a sugar refinery. A water chamber of the condenser is divided into an open large water chamber (6) and a plurality of closed small water chambers (14); each water chamber is respectively provided with a jet nozzle (3) and a spray nozzle (7); the plurality of closed small water chambers (14) are respectively controlled by a plurality of pneumatic or electric butterfly valves (4); the lower part of the condenser body (13) is provided with a single-layer or multi-layer jet flow regulating valve (2) for keeping the concentric change of the diameter of the central round aperture of a jet flow passage; the jet nozzle (3) and the spray nozzle (7) in each water chamber are respectively cooperated with the single-layer or multi-layer jet flow regulating valve (2).

Abstract: A heat exchange apparatus is provided with an indirect evaporative heat exchange section. The indirect evaporative heat exchange section includes a series of serpentine tubes, and an evaporative liquid is passed downwardly onto the indirect heat exchange section. The evaporative liquid is collected in a sump and then pumped upwardly to be distributed again across the indirect heat exchange section. An improved heat exchange apparatus is provided with an indirect evaporative heat exchange section including a series of serpentine tubes with run sections and return bend sections of both normal and increased height. A direct heat exchange section may be provided in the vertical spacing between run sections formed by the increased height return bends.

Abstract: An injection module (10) for injecting a reducing agent into the exhaust system (22) of an internal combustion engine (2) has at least two outlet openings (12) for discharging at least one reducing agent primary jet (13), the outlet openings (12) being designed in such a way that that the reducing agent primary jets (13) exiting the outlet openings (12) collide and create a spray mist (11) in the exhaust system (22).

Abstract: Various methods and apparatus are disclosed that relate to one or more aspects of an abatement system. In various aspects a nozzle assembly of an abatement system includes at least one rotationally adjustable nozzle tubing having at least one nozzle coupled thereto.

Abstract: Embodiments of mechanisms of an air treatment system are provided. The air treatment system includes a heating tank having a heating chamber containing air. The air includes gas, water vapor, a number of contaminants floating thereon. The air treatment system further includes a cooling tank having a first cooling chamber receiving the air from the heating chamber. Some of the water vapor in the first cooling tank condenses to a number of droplets, and some of the contaminants are mixed with into the droplets.

Abstract: A nozzle of dust blower is mainly a hollow tube with one open end connected to the dust blower and the other end a closed end. The wall near the closed end has several outlets on the same side toward a radial direction of the tube, so that the high-pressure air blown by the dust blower into the tube blows out of the outlets in the radial direction. Corresponding to each of the outlets, the tube has an auxiliary nozzle base. Each nozzle base has a passage connected to the corresponding outlet. The passage of each of the nozzle bases extends along the radial direction of the tube. The end of each of the nozzle bases near the tube has at least one inlet, so as to suck more air into the nozzle base as the air is blown out.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a feed distribution device in separation columns and a method of operation. In particular it relates to distillation columns in which the feed stream is substantially liquid phase, or a mixture of gas and liquid upstream of the column, but where the feed vaporizes or vaporizes more when it enters the column. More specifically, the feed distribution device contains a plurality of opening which allow the feed to vaporize inside the column and where the openings are maintained in critical condition during operation. Significant advantage is achieved through the implementation and use of the present feed distribution device.

Abstract: A system for mixing ortho-xylene with an oxygen-containing gas such as air comprises an evaporator vessel fed with the gas and having a lance projecting into the gas. The lance is provided with a metal spray nozzle for injecting droplets of hot liquid ortho-xylene into the gas stream, concurrently with the direction of flow of the gas. The metal at the surface of the spray nozzle, that in use is in contact with the liquid ortho-xylene, has a high surface hardness to resist erosion, particularly by cavitation. The system is useful in the production of phthalic anhydride by the oxidation of ortho-xylene with air, whereby the risk for deflagrations is reduced. A soft metal seal is the preferred gasket between the spray nozzle and the lance.

Abstract: A feed distribution device in separation columns and a method of operation for such a device. In particular, distillation columns in which the feed stream is substantially liquid phase, or a mixture of gas and liquid upstream of the column, but where the feed vaporizes or partially vaporizes prior to or as it enters the column. More specifically, the feed distribution device contains a plurality of opening which allow the feed to vaporize prior to or as it enters the column and where the openings are maintained in critical condition during operation. Significant advantage is achieved through the implementation and use of the present feed distribution devices.

Abstract: A method for on-site dissemination and disposal of all wastewaters or leachate, that is generated by a landfill or other wastewater generating site includes collecting the wastewater or leachate which comprises an aqueous solution, having solids, elements and compounds of concern therein. The wastewater or leachate is directed to an “Integrated Mobile Aerosolization System (IMAS)” having a turbine and being integrated and mobile. The turbine is driven so as to generate a fully integrated and mobile system of highly accelerated air that moves through the IMAS. An integrated pump is utilized to move the leachate or wastewater to a series of nozzles that aerosolizes the leachate or wastewater into the path of the system of air to form an air-wastewater mixture or an air-leachate mixture.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed for facilitating dissolution of one or more gases into a liquid. Preferred gases for use with the apparatus are oxygen, air, and ozone. An apparatus of the present invention includes a dissolution tank that includes a pressure vessel, at least one liquid spray nozzle, and a fluid outlet. The apparatus also includes a gas source, an element for passing fluid into the pressure vessel, and a discharge device connected to the fluid outlet, which discharge device is provided with at least one orifice. Preferred applications include wastewater treatment, treatment of drinking water, fermentation, and bioremediation.

Abstract: The invention discloses a sport-type multifunctional spray mineral water bottle, including cap body, spray means, drink means and water locking means. The invention can ensure normal drinking of mineral water as well as carry out spray drinking of water by means of squeezing the bottle body to transform bottle body and increase the pressure inside the bottle, thus making water to enter inlet from the outlet of water locking means on the cap, and to enter the atomizing channel through the water channel, finally to be sprayed from the spray aperture. Furthermore, in the open air or in the dusty and hot environment, you can place the mineral water bottle upside down, put the nozzle to face your body or surrounding, and squeeze the bottle body to spray, thus reducing surrounding temperature, as well as subsiding dust by combining dust and spray to make you feel cool, fresh and comfortable.

Abstract: A wine aerator for pouring wine from a wine container such as a wine bottle into a receiver such as a wine glass. The wine aerator has a large mouthed vessel into which the wine is poured from any wine container and the wine passes through the vessel to an outlet having a plurality of radial holes to break up the flow of wine into small discrete flows to carry out the aeration process. The wine aerator has a base that is affixed to the vessel and has a plurality of outwardly extending projections that are dimensioned so as to contact the rim of a wine glass to position the wine aerator atop of the wine glass while the wine aerator is being used. The wine aerator is inexpensively constructed and has no moving parts where leakage could occur.

Abstract: A mixer to create foam with microbubbles using physiological gases currently used in sclerotherapeutic treatments of varicose veins has anatomical and compact dimensions and is built with material resistant to sterilization and pressure. The device is mounted on the body around an essentially cylindrical axle comprised of a central valve support, while the top conical body portion is crossed in its center by a flow orienting duct. This axle is coupled at the center of a spinning circular reservoir constituted by the body, containing several housings for the application of solutions with different concentration levels. These parts are locked by a connector at the bottom to the gas duct with a spray nozzle. Each housing has a channel that can be aligned to communicate with the inside of the flow orienting duct of the central axle, responsible for orienting the produced mixture to a top reservoir with a foam-making nozzle.

Abstract: Various methods and apparatus are disclosed that relate to one or more aspects of an abatement system that removes heat and/or one or more byproducts of combustion from a gas flow. In various aspects a misting array assembly is provided that includes at least one nozzle tubing having at least one nozzle coupled thereto.

Abstract: A device for emitting bubbles in a vehicle wash facility includes a plenum supported with respect to ground. The plenum includes an air inlet with a first area and an air outlet with a second area. The plenum air outlet is in communication with at least one foaming chamber. The foaming chamber includes a generally planar media element disposed therein. The foaming chamber includes a spray jet located therein, which is in communication with a source of chemical. The spray jet configured to emit a chemical onto the generally planar media element. The device also includes a plurality of nozzle portions in communication with the foaming chamber for emitting bubbles therefrom.

Abstract: A condenser includes a high pressure side condenser, a high pressure side cooling tube bank, a high pressure side hot well, a low pressure side condenser, a low pressure side cooling tube bank, a pressure shroud provided inside the low pressure side condenser, a low pressure side hot well, high pressure steam introducing portion, low pressure side condensate introducing portion, a flash box which communicates with at least one of the high pressure side hot well and the low pressure side hot well, flashes a heater drain from a feed water heater, and urges at least one of the high pressure side hot well and the low pressure side hot well to recover the flashed heater drain, and a flash steam path which introduces flash steam generated inside the flash box into at least one of the high pressure side hot well and the low pressure side hot well.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for dispensing water including: a main inlet configured to receive water from a source; a chilled water line, including: an in-line carbonator; a carbonator water inlet valve configured to selectively direct water from the main inlet to the carbonator; a carbonator gas inlet valve configured to selectively direct carbonating gas to the carbonator; and a chilled water line outlet. The apparatus may be integrated in a refrigerator or other major appliance.

Abstract: A two phase reactor includes a source of liquid reactant and a source of gas reactant. A chamber has an inlet coupled to the source of gas reactant and a flat jet nozzle coupled to the source of the liquid reactant.

Abstract: A liquid aeration system comprising: an intermittent liquid feeding means (10) located at an upstream position for receiving liquid from a liquid resource; a liquid storage means (20) located at an downstream position for receiving the liquid from the intermittent liquid feeding means (10) quantitatively and intermittently; and a pipe (30) connected between the intermittent liquid feeding means (10) and the liquid storage means (20), the outlet of which is located below the liquid surface of the liquid storage means (20), such that the liquid can flow from the intermittent liquid feeding means (10) through the pipe (30) into the liquid storage means (20) intermittently and quantitatively using the liquid level difference between the upstream position and the downstream position, so as to inject the air existed in the pipe (30) into the liquid in the liquid storage means (20).

Abstract: A steam distribution apparatus having a heat exchanger header defining a chamber; steam distribution apparatus communicating with the heat exchanger chamber; a source of steam at a pressure higher than atmospheric; a heat exchanger having one end communicating with the source of steam and another end for communicating with the chamber and steam dispersion apparatus; and a valve. The valve operates the heat exchanger in an open-loop configuration which supplies humidification steam to the steam distribution apparatus at atmospheric pressure and operates the heat exchanger in a closed-loop at the steam pressure higher than atmospheric for heating the heat exchanger chamber wherein condensate within the chamber or steam distribution apparatus can be converted back to humidification steam.

Abstract: Various apparatus provide for spraying high velocity droplets of liquid into a low velocity gas stream. Finely atomized droplets may quickly transfer their momentum to the gas, resulting in deceleration of the spray and acceleration of the gas. A high velocity spray of atomized liquid may transfer a substantial fraction of its kinetic energy to the gas before contacting a surface, in some aspects, suspended particles in the gas phase may be removed by high velocity liquid droplets passing through the gas. Certain aspects provide for controlling a gas flow by controlling the relative amounts of upstream and downstream momenta transferred to the gas by one or more liquid sprays.

Abstract: A gasification system includes a reaction chamber having an inlet for receiving a feedstock for conversion to a gas. Also included is a quench chamber configured to cool the gas. Further included is a quench ring operably coupled to a water supply pipe for receiving water therein, the quench ring configured to provide a water flow to the quench chamber. Yet further included is a sealing component disposed at a coupling interface between the quench ring and the water supply pipe.

Abstract: A steam dispersion apparatus includes a steam chamber communicating in an open-loop arrangement with a first steam source for supplying steam to the steam chamber. The steam chamber includes a steam dispersion location at which steam exits therefrom at generally atmospheric pressure. A heat exchanger communicates in a closed-loop arrangement with a second steam source for supplying steam to the heat exchanger at a pressure generally higher than atmospheric pressure. The heat exchanger is located at a location that is not directly exposed to the air to be humidified, the heat exchanger being in fluid communication with the steam chamber so as to contact condensate from the steam chamber. The heat exchanger converts condensate formed by the steam chamber back to steam when the condensate contacts the heat exchanger.

Abstract: Provided in one embodiment is a two-shaft gas turbine that exhibits improved reliability, output power, and efficiency. The turbine operates stably by establishing a balance between the driving force of a compressor and the output power of a high-pressure turbine in the case where the two-shaft gas turbine is applied to a system, in which the flow rate of a fluid flowing into a combustor is higher than a simple cycle gas turbine. A portion of the fluid driving the high-pressure turbine is allowed to flow not into the high-pressure turbine but into a low-pressure turbine.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling oxidation of sulfites in a slurry. The system includes a tank having an inlet for receiving a slurry used in wet flue gas desulfurization. The tank also includes an inlet for receiving a gas. The inlet for receiving the gas is configured so that at least a portion of the gas received in the tank is dispersed through at least a portion of the slurry received in the tank. A sensor is configured to measure a sulfite concentration S1 of the slurry received in the tank. In some embodiments, the sensor is a sulfite analyzer. In other embodiments, the sensor is a virtual analyzer. The system includes a controller. Software executing on the controller generates a signal indicative of an adjustment of a flow rate of gas into the tank based at least in part on the sulfite concentration S1.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a bubble implosion reactor cavitation device. The bubble implosion reactor cavitation device includes a tube-shaped cylindrical body including an upstream, a distal end surface and a downstream, proximal end surface. The tube-shaped cylindrical body defines an axial passage that extends through the tube-shaped cylindrical body between the upstream, distal end surface and the downstream, proximal end surface. The apparatus also includes a bubble generator subassembly connected to the tube-shaped cylindrical body. The bubble generator subassembly is at least partially disposed within the axial passage defined by the tube-shaped cylindrical body. The apparatus also includes a retaining member connected to the tube-shaped cylindrical body for retaining the bubble generator subassembly within the axial passage defined by the tube-shaped cylindrical body.

Abstract: A pontoon based evaporative system has a weather monitoring station and control algorithm to shut down or slow down the atomizing fans in certain wind conditions. The central control system can control droplet size by slowing the fans down. The watercraft is collapsible to provide a fourteen foot width while afloat to support a plurality of atomizing fans high in the air. For transport the watercraft folds down to a nine foot trailer width with the atomizing fans resting on the base. An alternate embodiment is a land based frame having the same atomizing fans and weather monitoring and control algorithm.

Abstract: A method for the efficient solubilization of carbon dioxide in water through the use of high energy impacts is disclosed. The method can optionally includes mixing the carbon dioxide and water to form an annular dispersed flow, accelerating the carbon dioxide and water prior to the collision; providing a retention network to collect the carbonated water flow. Also disclosed are systems and apparatuses for practicing the disclosed methods.

Abstract: This invention relates to a device for cooling and distributing mixed charges on fixed catalyst beds for use in the cooling zone of descending flow reactors which comprises a flat tray fitted with collector and distributor tubes for liquid superimposed upon and connected to another flat tray of similar design to the upper tray. The device, which is of smaller size in comparison with other commercially available devices, is extremely simple to install industrially and compact, and has as its main characteristic the efficiency with which it promotes reduction of the temperature of the reaction medium when it receives the cooling fluid within the catalytic reactor.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a direct-contact steam condenser includes: a steam cooling chamber; a inflow part; a plurality of first spray nozzles; and a water reservoir part. The inflow part leads turbine exhaust gas containing steam and non-condensable gas in a substantially horizontal direction into the steam cooling chamber. The plurality of first spray nozzles are disposed in the steam cooling chamber to be connected to a plurality of spray pipes extending along the direction in which the turbine exhaust gas is led in, and spray cooling water to the turbine exhaust gas. The water reservoir part is disposed under the steam cooling chamber to store condensate water that is condensed from the steam by the spraying of the cooling water.

Abstract: An injection gate (44,144,244,344) for high pressure, high velocity secondary fluid for admixture of an atomized spray (80,180) thereof with another or primary fluid that atomizes the other fluid. The secondary fluid may be an accelerant and the primary fluid may be a low pressure fuel/air mixture in a fuel injection arrangement for an internal combustion engine. An injection billet (10,110,210,310) for an engine is interposed between the carburetor (12) and the manifold (14), with an array of such injection gates (44,244,344) paired with an array of fuel/air gates (34,234,334) about an aperture coinciding with a throttle bore (60,160,260,360) and evenly balancing the spray about the throttle bore, creating a halo effect of atomized admixture of accelerant/fuel. The injection of accelerant is directed sharply downwardly toward the center of the bore and through the injected fuel stream, atomizing the fuel thereof for a high efficiency boost of horsepower.

Abstract: A steam dispersion apparatus includes a steam chamber communicating in an open-loop arrangement with a first steam source for supplying steam to the steam chamber. The steam chamber includes a steam dispersion location at which steam exits therefrom at generally atmospheric pressure. A heat exchanger communicates in a closed-loop arrangement with a second steam source for supplying steam to the heat exchanger at a pressure generally higher than atmospheric pressure. The heat exchanger is located at a location that is not directly exposed to the air to be humidified, the heat exchanger being in fluid communication with the steam chamber so as to contact condensate from the steam chamber. The heat exchanger converts condensate formed by the steam chamber back to steam when the condensate contacts the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A system and a method for promoting improved air flow through a cooling tower and reduced inner air pressure losses caused by rain in the rain zone of a cooling tower. Aerodynamic modules are mounted on the lower edge of the cooling tower shell in order to deflect the downward-flowing air about the lower edge of the tower shell and into the rain zone. The aerodynamic modules can be modularly mounted, can be replaced, and do not affect the statics of the tower shell. Aerodynamic modules can also be built on the base area to deflect the incoming air over any obstacles. Troughs or dripping elements can also promote flow by reducing the rain falling in an outer area.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an aerator for effectively aerating a liquid. The aerator comprises a body having a first opening and a spout defining a fluid flow path of the liquid. A spray head disposed in the fluid flow path having a plurality of spray openings mixes and aerates the liquid with the air from the air inlet as the liquid is sprayed out through the spray openings. The aerator may also contain an angled head portion to allow the aerator to be attached to a bottle.

Abstract: An emission purifying system and device for slowing global warming is provided herein which may eliminate the pollutant gases produced by combustion. The system uses a pump with waterfall, bubbling, airing, lubricating and liquefying sub-systems to catch and store the combustion gases, thus reducing the temperature of the combustion, potentially preventing global warming effects and acid rain, eliminating the noise produced by combustion as well as the characteristic odors, while utilizing the produced thermal energy to transform it into steam and kinetic energy for a variety of uses.

Abstract: A steam dispersion system including insulation is disclosed. The steam dispersion system may include a steam dispersion tube with at least one opening defined on an outer surface of the steam dispersion tube and a hollow interior. The insulation covers at least a portion of the steam dispersion tube, the insulation defining an opening aligned with the opening of the steam dispersion tube, wherein the insulation meets 25/50 flame/smoke indexes for UL723/ASTM E-84 and has a thermal conductivity less than about 0.35 Watts/m-K (2.4 in-hr/ft?2 deg F.). A nozzle defining a throughhole may be placed within the opening of the steam dispersion tube, the throughhole being in fluid communication with the hollow interior of the steam dispersion tube to provide a steam exit.

Abstract: Various methods and apparatus are disclosed that relate to one or more aspects of an abatement system that removes heat and/or one or more byproducts of combustion from a gas flow. In various aspects a misting array assembly is provided that includes at least one nozzle tubing having at least one nozzle coupled thereto.

Abstract: A gas-liquid contactor includes a plurality of spray nozzles provided in a CO2 absorber, for spraying a CO2 absorbent downward into the CO2 absorber in which flue gas drifts upward and passes so as to bring flue gas drifting upward and the CO2 absorbent into contact with each other. The spray nozzle includes a wall-surface dedicated nozzle provided along a wall surface in the CO2 absorber and a liquid dispersion nozzle provided inside of the wall-surface dedicated nozzle in the CO2 absorber.

Abstract: A method for treating a process gas with a liquid comprises contacting a process gas with a hygroscopic working fluid in order to remove a constituent from the process gas. A system for treating a process gas with a liquid comprises a hygroscopic working fluid comprising a component adapted to absorb or react with a constituent of a process gas, and a liquid-gas contactor for contacting the working fluid and the process gas, wherein the constituent is removed from the process gas within the liquid-gas contactor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gas liquid contactor and effluent cleaning system and method and more particularly to individually fed nozzle banks including an array of nozzles configured to produce uniformly spaced flat liquid jets shaped to minimize disruption from a gas. An embodiment of the invention is directed towards a gas liquid contactor having a plurality of modules including a liquid inlet and outlet and a gas inlet and outlet. An array of nozzles is in communication with the liquid inlet and the gas inlet. The array of nozzles is configured to produce uniformly spaced flat liquid jets shaped to minimize disruption from a gas flow and maximize gas flow and liquid flow interactions while rapidly replenishing the liquid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gas liquid contactor and effluent cleaning system and method and more particularly to an array of nozzles configured to produce uniformly spaced flat liquid jets shaped to minimize disruption from a gas. An embodiment of the invention is directed towards a gas liquid contactor module including a liquid inlet and outlet and a gas inlet and outlet. An array of nozzles is in communication with the liquid inlet and the gas inlet. The array of nozzles is configured to produce uniformly spaced flat liquid jets shaped to minimize disruption from a gas flow and maximize gas flow and liquid flow interactions while rapidly replenishing the liquid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hole-jetting type reactor and its applications, in particular to a process for the production of isocyanates by the phosgenation of aliphatic or aromatic diamines or triamines in the gas phase using this reactor. The present invention achieves a good mixing and reacting result of the gas-phase phosgenation reaction at a high temperature by improving the mixing of reactants in the reactor to reduce the possibility of forming swirls and eliminate negative pressure produced at a local jet area, which can finally reduce back-mixing and formation of solid by-products.