Abstract: In a device for ejecting droplets of an electrically conductive fluid, a vapor suppressing device is provided to suppress vapor of the electrically conductive fluid. The vapor suppressing device includes an electrode, adapted to provide a direct voltage. Further, a method for suppressing vapor of an electrically conductive fluid in a device for ejecting droplets of an electrically conductive fluid is provided.

Abstract: A mercury-free low-pressure lamp having a bulb is provided. The bulb includes an emissive material and one or more phosphors. The emissive material includes at least one of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, wherein when the bulb is in a non-operational state, the emissive material condenses into a liquid or solid, and when the bulb is in an operational state the emissive material forms an emitter, the emitter in combination with one or more gases generate photons when excited by an electrical discharge. The one or more phosphors are configured to convert at least a portion of the photons to other visible wavelengths.

Abstract: An aircraft light consists of a housing containing a light source, a heat sink element forming at least part of the exterior surface of the housing and an auxiliary thermal capacitor that is thermally decoupled from the heat sink element. A thermally expandable medium is coupled to the heat sink element and operates to thermally decouple the light source from the heat sink element and thermally couple the light source to the auxiliary thermal capacitor and vice versa, depending on the actual temperature of the heat sink element.

Abstract: A mercury-free low-pressure lamp having a bulb is provided. The bulb includes an emissive material and one or more phosphors. The emissive material includes at least one of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, wherein when the bulb is in a non-operational state, the emissive material condenses into a liquid or solid, and when the bulb is in an operational state the emissive material forms an emitter, the emitter in combination with one or more gases generate photons when excited by an electrical discharge. The one or more phosphors are configured to convert at least a portion of the photons to other visible wavelengths.

Abstract: A plasma system is disclosed. The system includes a plasma device including an inner electrode and an outer electrode coaxially disposed around the inner electrode, wherein at least one of the inner electrode and the outer electrode is temperature controlled; an ionizable media source coupled to the plasma device and configured to supply ionizable media thereto; and a power source coupled to the inner and outer electrodes and configured to ignite the ionizable media at the plasma device to form a plasma effluent.

Abstract: A photoelectric cathode has a work function lowering material such as cesium placed into an enclosure which couples a thermal energy from a heater to the work function lowering material. The enclosure directs the work function lowering material in vapor form through a low diffusion layer, through a free space layer, and through a uniform porosity layer, one side of which also forms a photoelectric cathode surface. The low diffusion layer may be formed from sintered powdered metal, such as tungsten, and the uniform porosity layer may be formed from wires which are sintered together to form pores between the wires which are continuous from the a back surface to a front surface which is also the photoelectric surface.

Abstract: A fluorescent lighting device includes a ballast and a tube. An amalgam is located within the tube. A resistive heater is operatively coupled with the ballast, to receive electrical power from the ballast while the fluorescent lighting device is in an OFF state. The resistive heater is mounted near the amalgam to transfer heat to the amalgam while the fluorescent lighting device is in the OFF state.

Abstract: A cooling member for at least one semiconductor light emitting element, in particular an LED, may include a mounting cavity for accommodating at least part of a control electronics unit, whereby the cooling member is composed of multiple cooling member parts, whereby each of which cooling member parts includes part of a wall of the mounting cavity.

Abstract: Anti-icing solid state aircraft lamps are disclosed. The anti-icing solid state aircraft lamp includes at least one solid state light source, a substantially optically transparent cover optically coupled to the at least one solid state light source, and at least one defroster element coupled to the optically transparent cover.

Abstract: A light-emitting device module includes a temperature variable device including a temperature control surface subjected to temperature control, a light-emitting device including a first electrode and mounted on a portion of the temperature control surface, a first terminal for supplying electric power to the first electrode, and a wire that causes the first terminal and the first electrode to conduct. The wire is thermally connected to the other portion of the temperature control surface.

Abstract: An electron beam source includes a base and a tip fixed to the base and extending from the base. The tip includes a core and a coating applied to the core. The core has a surface that includes a first material. The coating includes a second material which is different from the first material. The second material forms a surface of the tip, and the second coating includes more than 30% by weight of a lanthanide element.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lighting device for a motor vehicle. Said lighting device comprises a light source (1; 96) for emitting electromagnetic radiation, in particular light which is visible to the human eye, and a reflector (70; 81; 90) for focusing the emitted light. The light source (1; 96) is fastened on the reflector (70; 81; 90) at least indirectly in a defined position relative to a reflective surface of said reflector. In order firstly to make heat transfer from the reflector (70; 81; 90) to the light source (1; 96) more difficult and secondly to enable EMC shielding by virtue of an electrical contact between the light source (1; 96) and the reflector (70; 81; 90), the invention proposes that a material (72) with poor thermal conductivity is arranged between the reflector (70; 81; 90) and the light source (1; 96) for thermally insulating the light source (1; 96) from the reflector (70; 81; 90).

Abstract: The invention relates to a lamp system comprising a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp having a discharge vessel (6) enclosing a discharge space (8), with two electrodes (10, 30) positioned in the discharge vessel and an amalgam (18) arranged at a first end section (28) outside the discharge path between the first electrode and the second electrode. A ballast generates an electrical discharge current independently of an electrical heating current. A heating element (22) is positioned in the first end section for heating the amalgam using the electrical heating current. The temperature of the amalgam can be kept within its optimal temperature range for a relatively broad range of operating conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mercury-free low pressure discharge lamp with a discharge vessel having an ionizable filling. The surface temperature of the discharge vessel, and thus the temperature of the ionizable filling, can be adjusted at least in some sections such that an emitting substance can produce the radiation required for the excitation of the luminescent substance. The temperature of the fluid is preferably adjusted in a temperature control circuit, using a temperature sensor, a pump and a heating device.

Abstract: A germicidal lamp having amalgam for controlling mercury vapor pressure contained in a location facilitating efficient high output operation. A low pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp has an amalgam container containing an amalgam positioned behind an electrode out of the arc path or space. The amalgam position is retained during high wall loading of the lamp preventing the amalgam from moving out of position. A heating and cooling element is placed generally at the amalgam position controlling the temperature of the amalgam. Efficient operation with high current loads and resulting high wall loading and temperatures is possible. The temperature control of the amalgam may also be used to dim or modify the illumination output of the lamp. The germicidal lamp is particularly suited to being positioned vertically in a waste water treatment system.

Abstract: A deflection component for a luminaire is hollow and consists of two sections, of which a first section is parallel to the axis and a second section in contrast runs obliquely outwards.

Abstract: A lighting device comprises a mounting head having multiple facets each configured to retain an associated Light Emitting Diode (LED). The LEDs are mounted to the facets with a thermally conductive metal pad and thermally conductive adhesive. A connector for the lighting device inserts into a light socket and receives power for operating the LEDs. A heat transfer body is coupled between the mounting head and the connector and transfer heat generated by the LEDs downward from the mounting head and then radially outward. The mounting head, adhesive, metal pad, and heat transfer body form a heat transfer structure that more effectively removes heat generated by the LEDs. In one embodiment, a dimmer circuit is also provided that allows the LED lighting device to operate with conventional dimmer switches.

Abstract: A heat-dissipating method of a light emitting diode illuminator includes the following steps. First, the light emitting diode illuminator is provided and includes a light emitting diode, a fan apparatus, a temperature sensor and a controller. The controller is electrically connected with the fan and the temperature sensor. Second, a predetermined working temperature of the light emitting diode is defined in the controller. Third, a working temperature of the light emitting diode is sensed using the temperature sensor, and a signal of the working temperature is transmitted to the controller. Fourth, the working temperature sensed by the temperature sensor is compared with the predetermined working temperature in the controller, and the fan is adjusted by the controller to work at a suitable speed.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing partial layers on lamp bulbs, in which method functional layers are provided in thin-film technology, and which method includes at least providing a temporary layer on that region of the lamp bulb which will have no functional layer in the operational state of the lamp, subsequently providing the functional layer on the entire surface of the lamp bulb, and detaching the temporary layer together with the functional layer present thereon.

Abstract: A flat fluorescent lamp includes a first substrate, a second substrate, an external electrode, and a radiating member. The second substrate is combined with the first substrate to form a plurality of discharge spaces. The external electrode is formed on at least one surface of the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the external electrode extends perpendicularly to the discharge spaces. The radiating member is formed on the external electrode and radiates heat generated from the external electrode. Therefore, the heat generated from the flat fluorescent lamp is radiated to outside the flat fluorescent lamp through the radiating member, reducing pinhole formation and generally improving luminance characteristics of the flat fluorescent lamp.

Abstract: An assembly for heating a fluorescent lamp (such as the lamp used in a flat panel display) includes a circuit card having a plurality of transistors each configured to produce heat disposed thereon. A thermally-conductive layer is disposed proximate to the plurality of transistors, and the fluorescent lamp is disposed proximate the thermally-conductive layer such that the heat from the transistors is transmitted to the fluorescent lamp via the thermally conductive layer. By controlling the heat applied to the fluorescent lamp, microclimates in the lamp can be reduced or eliminated, thereby improving the performance of the lamp.

Abstract: An exemplary display device (1) includes a chassis (12), a circuit board (14) and a heat sink (16). The heat sink connects with the circuit board and the chassis. The chassis covers the circuit board and includes at least one heat conducting member (120) connecting with the heat sink. The display device performs an increased heat dissipating efficiency, and can be conveniently assembled or disassembled.

Abstract: A filtering device and a projector utilizing the same. The filtering device receives an electronic device therein, and includes a housing, a filter, a fan, a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, a circuit board, and an alarm. The first temperature sensor detects a first temperature outside the housing. The second temperature sensor detects a second temperature inside the housing. The circuit board includes a controller to be coupled to the fan, the first temperature sensor, and the second temperature sensor. When the second temperature detected by the second temperature sensor exceeds the first temperature detected by the first temperature sensor, the voltage of the fan is increased by the controller to increase the rotation speed of the fan. The alarm is coupled to the controller. When the voltage of the fan exceeds a critical value, the alarm is actuated to indicate that the filter needs to be changed.

Abstract: A heat controlled ultraviolet light apparatus includes a source of ultraviolet light, a cover, and a heating or cooling element that heats/cools the space or gap between the ultraviolet light source and the cover. Accordingly, the ultraviolet light source may be maintained at an optimal temperature thereby maximizing the efficiency of the ultraviolet light source in producing ultraviolet radiation. The apparatus may further include a temperature sensor and a control circuit to automatically control production of heat/cooling by the element based upon the ambient temperatures experienced by the ultraviolet light source during use. Methods are also provided for sanitizing heating and cooling coils of various devices such as an HVAC system, and cooling systems such as a refrigeration unit and an evaporative cooler.

Abstract: A semiconductor manufacturing apparatus includes a light source and a lighting device that lights the light the light source A connector connects the light source and the lighting device with a metal piece to provide control of generation of noise accompanying increased electrical power supplied to the lamp and control of the space required for installation in a single housing having outer walls with electromagnetic shielding. Temperature of the light source and the lighting device is adjusted using air of the ambient atmosphere from outside the housing.

Abstract: A lamp unit with a light control function for the light emitted from this lamp unit, for which a high pressure mercury lamp is used which is filled with at least 0.15 mg/mm3 mercury and which has a hermetically enclosing arrangement, an essentially hermetically enclosing arrangement or an arrangement in which there is a flow path for actively flowing cooling air within. The lamp unit for a projector has a high pressure mercury lamp of the short arc type with a wall load of at least 1 W/mm2 which is filled with at least 0.

Abstract: A light source unit includes (a) a light source having a main surface through which a light emitted from the light source passes towards an object, (b) a light-permeable substrate located between the main surface of the light source and the object, (c) a first seal sandwiched between the main surface of the light source and a surface of the light-permeable substrate and defining a first closed space together with the main surface and the surface of the light-permeable substrate, the first closed space being in vacuum, and (d) a heat radiator equipped with the light source for outwardly radiating heat generated in the light source.

Abstract: A method for thermal control of a lamp assembly which includes an arc lamp and an associated reflector enclosed within an outer housing. The method includes providing a predetermined air flow path within said housing whereby a continuous flow of ambient air is passed over the lamp during lamp operation which reduces the operating temperature of the lamp and increases lamp life.

Abstract: A lamp unit with a light control function for the light emitted from this lamp unit, for which a high pressure mercury lamp is used which is filled with at least 0.15 mg/mm3 mercury and which has a hermetically enclosing arrangement, an essentially hermetically enclosing arrangement or an arrangement in which there is a flow path for actively flowing cooling air within. The lamp unit for a projector has a high pressure mercury lamp of the short arc type with a wall load of at least 1 W/mm2 which is filled with at least 0.

Abstract: An air-cooled light comprising a cylindrical transparent sleeve that shields heat generated by a high intensity discharge lamp from the surrounding environment. The air-cooled light of the present invention comprises an outer cylindrical transparent sleeve that surrounds a high-intensity discharge lamp. Sealingly attached to opposing ends of the transparent cylinder are two end plates for supporting the transparent cylinder from a ceiling structure. O-rings positioned between the end plates and the cylindrical transparent sleeve provides a seal for insulating the interior of the transparent cylinder from the external environment. The high-intensity discharge lamp is supported inside the transparent sleeve by a bracket attached to one of the end plates.

Abstract: A liquid-crystal display arrangement consisting of a liquid-crystal display, a light source constructed as a fluorescent lamp and a heat source which is thermally coupled to the fluorescent lamp. The heat source is formed as an essentially flat sheet on the side of the lamp opposite the display, with the heat source connected is series with a PTC type temperature sensor. In order to achieve a uniform and rapid establishment of the optimum operating temperature of the fluorescent lamp, the heat source is formed by a temperature-controlled foil-type heating element.

Abstract: A system for actively monitoring and controlling the effective ambient temperature in an application utilizing a fluorescent tube as the source of illumination. The system is the combination of a fluorescent tube, which may be thermally bonded to a reflector plate that is in physical contact with thermal electric cooler units and a heat sink. A temperature sensor in conjunction with drive circuitry and a power source, directs a magnitude and direction of current flow through the thermal electric cooler units thereby controlling the ambient operating temperature of the fluorescent tube.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cooling apparatus for a magnetron, comprising a channel-shaped heat radiation plate for dissipating the heat generated from the anode of a magnetron, a yoke for supporting the heat radiation plate, an opening formed in both side walls of the heat radiation plate, and a secondary air passage formed in both side walls of the yoke for passing cooling-air to the opening, whereby the main stream of the cooling-air coming through the forward end of the heat radiation plate is pushed towards the anode in the rear region of the anode by the cooling-air driven through the secondary passage and opening into the rear region.

Abstract: A low pressure gas discharge lamp of the capillary bore type is equipped with a temperature control system whereby the electrode containment section and the light output section of the lamp are at higher temperatures than the capillary bore section. Vapor flow from the higher temperature sections to the relatively low capillary bore section maintains a satisfactory vapor fill in the bore section for attainment of a high light output. In one arrangement, the temperature control system includes a heater and a heat sink at selected points along the lamp envelope. In another form of the invention, the control system is solely a heat sink in thermal contact with the capillary bore section.

Abstract: In a fluorescent lamp assembly for use in an image scanner, a heater is associated with a glass tube of a fluorescent lamp for heating the glass tube. A controller is provided for controlling the heater in such a manner as to maintain temperture of the glass tube at the predetermined optimum level at which a luminescent characteristic of the fluorescent lamp is stabilized.

Abstract: The discharge space of a flat type fluorescent lamp in which a pair of electrodes are oppositely positioned for producing discharge therebetween establishes a predetermined elongated width W along the pair of electrodes and a prescribed height H in a direction perpendicular to the discharge direction. A fill including argon is sealed in the discharge space at a target pressure F (torr) which satisfies the following relationship when an aspect ratio F defined by the ratio of the predetermined elongated width W to the prescribed height H is equal to or greater than four and is equal to or less than eight: 10.ltoreq.P.ltoreq.-5/2 (F-4)+40; and the following relationship when the aspect ratio F is equal to or greater than eight and is equal to or less than eighteen: 10.ltoreq.P.ltoreq.30.

Abstract: A thin film electroluminescent (TFEL) edge emitter module and packaging assembly is composed of a TFEL edge emitter module including an electroluminescent (EL) stack having a linear array of spaced-apart pixels with light-emitting front edges, an enclosure defining a sealed cavity which encloses at least a portion of the EL stack so as to sealably enclose the array of pixels in a contaminant-free environment, a thermally expansive and contractive liquid substantially filling the sealed cavity, and a cavity capacity expansion and contraction mechanism disposed in the enclosure in communication with the cavity and the liquid therein. In response to thermal expansion of the volume of the liquid filling the cavity, the capacity expansion and contraction mechanism is operable to change from a first condition toward a second condition and thereby increase the liquid-holding capacity of the enclosure cavity.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp device which is used for backlighting of a liquid crystal display and in which a Peltier element is thermally coupled with a portion of a fluorescent lamp and a temperature sensor is provided at that portion to be cooled. In accordance with the temperature of the cooled portion detected by the temperature sensor the driving of the Peltier element is controlled so that the temperature of the cooled portion is reduced under a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: An electrodeless lamp bulb is rotated about an axis which is at a designated angle to the predominant direction of the electrical field. This has the effect of evening out the temperature distribution about the bulb and reducing the formation of hot and cold spots.

Abstract: A discharge tube adapted to produce a light by an extraneous high frequency electromagnetic field is heated before discharge to thereby improve the rising-up of the discharge and achieve uniformization of emitted light. Further, the discharge tube is heated by an electrode which applies a high frequency electromagnetic field to the discharge tube.

Abstract: An illumination apparatus includes a discharge tube for emitting light upon an application of an external high frequency wave electromagnetic field, an electrode, arranged outside the discharge tube, for applying the high frequency wave electromagnetic field to the discharge tube, a high frequency wave applying unit for supplying high frequency wave power to the electrode, and a projected portion extending from the discharge tube. The projected portion extends to a position where the high frequency wave electromagnetic field generated by the electrode has a level lower than a discharge initiation level. The high frequency wave power is controlled by changing a voltage, a frequency, a duty ratio or the like.

Abstract: High-power transmitter valves are located in a housing through which a fan feeds a cooling air stream between an inlet point and an outlet point, the inlet air temperature being required to lie within a range set by the valve manufacturer. The device according to the invention, which is located outdoors, comprises a first duct connected to the inlet point of said housing and a second duct connected to the outlet point thereof. Both the first and second ducts are connected to the outside atmosphere, the first by way of a filter and the second by way of a throttle valve which enables a fraction of the air flowing through the second duct to be recycled to the first duct upstream of the filter, and which for this purpose is controlled by a temperature transducer located in the first duct downstream of filter.

Abstract: A circuit assembly for temperature-dependent cathode current tracking in traveling-wave tubes having control electrodes and cathodes with a predetermined cathode current, in combination with a power supply, includes a temperature-dependent network thermally coupled to a given point of the traveling-wave tube for measuring the actual temperature of the tube, and an electronic control circuit in the power supply connected to the temperature-dependent network for keeping the predetermined cathode current substantially constant by varying the voltage at the control electrode of the tube.

Abstract: Compact fluorescent lamps employ inner assemblies of fluorescent tubes mounted in an arc tight manner. Associated with the assemblies are thermally actuable means which operate to open communication with the tubes during exhaust. After exhaust and sealing of an outer envelope which holds the assembly, the thermally actuable means closes the tubes to form an arc tight seal.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for controlling the cooling of a hermetic type control box accommodating therein electronic apparatus by means of a cooling system. A cooling member of the cooling system is disposed at an upper portion of a hermetically closed chamber in which the electronic apparatus is housed. On the basis of measurements of intra-box temperature and extra-box temperature, control is so performed that the intra-box temperature is maintained higher than the extra-box temperature by a predetermined value when the cooling is being effected within the control box by means of the cooling system.

Abstract: A high pressure metal (sodium) vapor lamp comprises an outer vitreous envelope and an inner ceramic arc tube supported within it. The arc tube contains vaporizable metal in excess of the quantity vaporized in operation and the heat balance determines a cold spot whereat excess metal collects. The temperature of the cold spot determines the vapor pressure and the voltage drop across the lamp which must lie between specified limits. A thermal link is provided to a metal member such as the exhaust tube, the heat loss from which influences significantly the temperature of the cold spot. In completed lamps measuring too low in voltage, such thermal link may be partly severed without breaking open the outer envelope in order to raise the voltage. One convenient way utilizes an auxiliary wire which is cut by aiming a laser beam at it. Another convenient way to reduce the conductive cross section of the thermal link is to use a laser to drill one or more holes through a metallic member comprising the thermal link.

Abstract: A method for varying the voltage in a high intensity discharge mercury lamp comprising the following steps:(a) energizing the lamp at a substantially fixed current;(b) selecting a predetermined voltage;(c) sensing the lamp voltage; and(d) when the lamp voltage rises above the predetermined voltage, directing a pulsed flow of gas, which gas is at a temperature sufficient to condense the mercury, against the outer surface of the lamp intermediate of its electrodes at a pulse rate and pulse duration sufficient to achieve and maintain about the predetermined voltage.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gas-and/or vapor discharge lamp which is provided with a discharge tube and with a heat shield.The heat shield is connected to a bimetal element of the lamp such that, when the temperature of the discharge tube is raised (or lowered) the heat shield is further removed from (or moved towards) the discharge tube. Accordingly the lamp reaches its operating condition rapidly after starting and in the operating condition fluctuations in the temperature are very small.