Abstract: An electron gun (1) includes an emitter (2), a tubular support (3) and an adaptor (4) for receiving the emitter. The adaptor includes a tapered plugging surface (7) and the tubular support includes a correspondingly tapered seating surface (9) for receiving the plugging surface. The plugging surface and seating surface have conical profiles which help to position the adaptor concentrically with the support.

Abstract: Provided is an electron-emitting device using a carbon fiber as an electronic member. A carbon fiber through which a cathode electrode and a control electrode are short-circuited is removed to obtain an electron-emitting device having a uniform electron emission characteristic. A first electrode including a plurality of fibers each containing carbon and a second electrode are prepared. Then, a voltage is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode with a state where a potential of the first electrode becomes higher than a potential of the second electrode to remove a carbon fiber through which the first electrode and the second electrode are short-circuited.

Abstract: A novel field emission display (FED) and a novel method for making the same. The FED includes a substrate, a cathode electrode and a focus electrode formed on the same level with each other on the substrate, an insulation layer formed on the cathode electrode and the focus electrode such that the cathode electrode and the focus electrode are partially exposed through the insulation layer, a field emitter formed at the cathode electrode exposed by the insulation layer, and a gate electrode formed on the insulation layer. The field emitter being formed on the same layer and of the same material and at the same time as the cathode electrode.

Abstract: Using a cathode material with which an electron emission having sufficient intensity is obtained with a low electric field, over a back substrate, cathodes and first control electrodes are formed on the same plane, which is parallel to the back substrate, thus forming electron beam sources, and second control electrodes, which focus electrons taken out from the electron beam sources, are formed, whereby it is possible to obtain an image display of high brightness.

Abstract: A display device includes a back substrate having a plurality of cathode lines, and a plurality of control electrodes, which are insulated from the cathode lines on an inner surface thereof, and a front substrate which is arranged to face the back substrate in an opposed manner with a set distance therebetween, and which has phosphors and an anode which constitute a display region, on an inner surface thereof. Distance holding members are provided for maintaining the set distance between the back substrate and the front substrate inside of the display region. The phosphors are constituted of three colors, and the cathode lines are formed into groups each consisting of three cathode lines corresponding to the three colors. The plurality of cathode lines include line portions and cathode portions which are wider than the line portions. Electron sources are formed on the cathode portions.

Abstract: A structure for an organic electroluminescent display. The organic electroluminescent display includes a substrate, an organic light-emitting unit including a first electrode, an organic layer, and a second electrode sequentially stacked on a surface of the substrate, an encapsulation cover made of inexpensive glass bonded to the substrate by a sealant to seal a space containing the organic light-emitting unit, an absorbent disposed on an inside of the encapsulation cover to absorb moisture in the space, and a buffer layer formed between the sealant and the encapsulation cover to increase the degree of curing of the sealant and the adhesion between the substrate and the encapsulation cover. Therefore, damage to the organic layer by moisture present in the space defined between the substrate and the encapsulation cover is prevented, thereby increasing the life span of the display.

Abstract: A triode structure of a field emission display and fabrication method thereof. A plurality of cathode layers arranged in a matrix is formed overlying a dielectric layer. A plurality of emitting layers arranged in a matrix is formed overlying the cathode layers, respectively. A plurality of lengthwise-extending gate lines is formed on the dielectric layer, in which each of the gate layers is disposed between two adjacent columns of the cathode layers.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diodes display device includes a number of data lines, scan lines, and cathode electrodes. These scan lines are perpendicular to the data lines to form a number of pixels, each of which possess a pixel area respectively. All the pixels areas form a pixel area array. These cathode electrodes are parallel to the scan lines or data lines and partially cover the pixel area array. Spaces between each two cathode electrodes are above the scan lines or data lines to avoid the parasitic capacitance between the cathode electrodes and scan lines or data lines. And thus the resistance capacitance time delay is prevented.

Abstract: In a display device, to ensure sufficient electron source regions on cathode lines formed on a back substrate, cathode lines are divided into line portions and cathode portions, wherein the line portions are made narrow to a width which is a required minimum for transmitting signals, and the area of the cathode portions which form an electron source has a wide island shape. Further, a plurality of cathode lines are formed into groups, and respective cathode portions are formed at positions corresponding to electron passing apertures formed in the control electrodes. Also, the gap between the wiring portions is made small, so that a relatively large space is ensured between neighboring groups of the cathode lines. Thus, the tolerance in mounting the control electrodes and the tolerance in mounting the distance holding members can be increased, whereby the alignment between electron passing apertures and cathode lines is facilitated.

Abstract: In an electron source having an electron emitting member, the electron emitting member is connected to a first or second conductive member by a third conductive member which is connected to the first or second conductive member through an aperture forming in an insulating member, and such aperture has such a shape as to become narrower from an end of the third conductive member toward the other end. Such configuration avoids that the third conductive member is damaged in the connecting portion with the first or second conductive member by the thermal stress therein.

Abstract: Organic semiconductors consisting of conjugated chromophores wherein one or more hydrogen atoms are deuterated are disclosed. Methods of preparing such organic semiconductors are described. The organic semiconducting compounds exhibit remarkably high luminescence and good thermal stability. Applications of these materials for optoelectronic devices, such as light-emitting devices and photodiodes, with enhanced performance and lifetime are disclosed. The disclosed materials can be used as emissive layer, charge-transporting layer, or energy transfer (i.e. phosphorescence dopant) material in organic light-emitting devices.

Abstract: An electron-emitting device disclosed has stable electron emission characteristics with little variation, in high electron emission efficiency, in high definition, and at low driving voltage. The electron-emitting device disclosed is constructed in such structure that on a substrate there are a lower electrode, an insulating layer having pores, and an upper electrode stacked in this order, the insulating layer is an anodic oxide layer, and a carbon deposit is formed in the pores.

Abstract: Structures and methods are provided for shielding field emitter devices from radiation. In one exemplary embodiment, a shielding layer inhibits radiation from degrading field emitter devices while exerting a predetermined force upon the field emitter devices so as to restrain from damaging the structure of the devices or affect the devices' electronic or electrical performance. In another exemplary embodiment, the field emitter under the protection of the shielding layer is capable of sustaining structural equilibrium. In yet another embodiment, the field emitter is capable of sustaining structural elasticity.

Abstract: A withdrawn electrode is formed on a silicon substrate with intervention of upper and lower silicon oxide films each having circular openings corresponding to regions in which cathodes are to be formed. Tower-shaped cathodes are formed in the respective openings of the upper and lower silicon oxide films and of the withdrawn electrode. Each of the cathodes has a sharply tapered tip portion having a radius of 2 nm or less, which has been formed by crystal anisotropic etching and thermal oxidation process for silicon. The region of the silicon substrate exposed in the openings of the upper and lower silicon oxide films and the cathode have their surfaces coated with a thin surface coating film made of a material having a low work function.

Abstract: A broad-beam high energy electron accelerator has an electron injection section arranged for increased current density with greater uniformity and higher transmission through the foil exit window. A plurality of cathode rods are disposed in a transverse plane and spaced at about 2.4 cm, and a reflector plate behind the cathode rods is biased negative relative thereto. A planar control grid is disposed distal of said cathode rods and a screen grid is disposed parallel to and distal of the control grid. Field-shaping wires are disposed in a plane parallel to the plane of the cathode rods and between the same and the reflector plate, with the respective field-shaping wires being disposed parallel to said rods and midway between them. The same positive bias (e.g., 11 kV) is applied to both the control grid and the field-shaping wires.

Abstract: A field emission cathode for use in flat panel displays comprises a layer of conductive material and a layer of amorphic diamond film, functioning as a low effective work-function material, deposited over the conductive material to form emission sites. The emission sites each contain at least two sub-regions having differing electron affinities. The cathode may be used to form a computer screen or a fluorescent light source.

Abstract: A massively parallel electron beam array for controllably imaging a target includes a multiplicity of emitter cathodes, each incorporating one or more micron-sized emitter tips. Each tip is controlled by a control electrode to produce an electron stream, and its deflection is controlled by a multielement deflection electrode to permit scanning of a corresponding target region.

Abstract: A cathode of a crossed field device includes a first electrode and a second electrode disposed about and dielectrically spaced from the first electrode. In a preferred embodiment the electrode comprises a pair of electrodes, a first one of the pair being a masking electrode disposed about and dielectrically spaced from the first electrode and a second one of the pair being an emitter electrode disposed about and dielectrically spaced from the masking electrode.

Abstract: A high-power switch tube is shown constructed from a plurality of electron guns each gun having a cathode and an anode. Between the cathode and anode is mounted a shadow grid closest to the cathode beyond which is mounted a control grid, a screen grid, and, in some applications, by a suppressor grid. Each anode is formed with an anode cavity having an opening that is smaller in dimension than the largest dimension of the cavity thus forming a Faraday cage collector which prevents secondary emission problems.

Abstract: The structure is material such as a ceramic in the form of a bundle of open cells, a "honeycomb", with the shape of the cells corresponding to the shape of the openings desired in the grid. The cathode is formed in the cells, rather than adding the grid to a ready-made cathode. The grid is formed by coating the end of the cell walls with a conducting material (metal and/or carbon). The surface of the cathode is suitably recessed from the grid.

Abstract: An improved electron gun is shown with a cathode having a smooth, concaved surface and a grooved pattern therein which matches, and is aligned with, the pattern of a shadow grid placed immediately before the cathode surface so that the outer, larger radius of curvature of the shadow grid closest to the cathode is substantially identical and concentric with the radius of curvature of the smooth, concave cathode surface. Beyond the shadow grid is a control grid which controls the flow of electrons emitted from the cathode toward an anode. The grooves which form the pattern within the cathode surface have tapered side walls and rounded outer and inner corners to improve the flow of emitted electrons and facilitate manufacture.

Abstract: Protuberances, or posts 14, for field-emission cathodes, the posts 14 having rounded emitting tips 12. Control of the radius R, of the emitting tips 12 controls the factor 10.sup.8 /.beta.V upon which the current density of each post 14 depends. Proper radius selection for a given value of applied voltage, V, keeps the operating point of the cathode 10 on a region of the current density vs 10.sup.8 /.beta.V curve well below the region of impedance collapse, CG.

Abstract: A electron-beam tube comprises a cathode (2) made as individual tapes (6) disposed throughout the length of the tube, whose surfaces are the emitting portions of the cathode (2). Each tape (6) of the cathode (2) is provided with a near-cathode focusing electrode (9) electrically connected to the cathode (2) and disposed in the immediate vicinity of the tape (6), and with a pair of rods (10) of the control electrode (3) disposed in relation to the tape (6) so that the whole electron flow focused by the near-cathode electrode (9) passes between said rods (10). The following relations are observed in the tube:a/b=c/d; 1<d/c.ltoreq.10; e.gtoreq.b.

Abstract: A negative ion generator is formed from a magnetically insulated transmission line having a coating of graphite on the cathode for producing negative ions and a plurality of apertures on the opposed anode for the release of negative ions. Magnetic insulation keeps electrons from flowing from the cathode to the anode. A transverse magnetic field removes electrons which do escape through the apertures from the trajectory of the negative ions.

Abstract: A magnetron consists of a cathode structure mounted within an anode cavity arrangement. In order to prolong the operational life of the cathode structure electron emissive material is located within recesses formed in the outer surface of a cylindrical support. As the electron emissive material erodes away during operation of the magnetron its surface area remains substantially unreduced.

Abstract: A new method of fabricating a cylindrical segmented cathode by bending a photoetched bar-band to form a cylindrically-shaped cage and slipping it over a cylindrical electron emissive surface which will tightly fit inside the cage when the cathode is raised to its normal temperature. The bars of the band provide nonemissive segments of the cathode surface.

Abstract: In a high-power grid-controlled electron tube, a common anode receives electrons from a modular electron source having a common support structure to which are attached a plurality of modules. Each module has at least one cathode and grid mounted on a base which is individually attached to the support structure. The grids are approximately flat sheets of carbon with apertures to pass the electrons. Pyrolytic graphite is a preferred grid material.

Abstract: A multi-arrayed electron emitter for microwave tubes in which the emitting urface is an array of continually replenished low-work-function regions, (micro-patches), whose boundaries include a control grid which is integral with the cathode surface and which controls emission from the low-work-function micro-patches. The continually replenished low-work-function regions are uniformly positioned relative to a matrix of uniformly spaced openings through which the low-work-function material is released.

Abstract: A broad beam DC cold cathode electron gun with a plurality of plasma emitters formed by a capacitively coupled sliding spark assembly operable as a steady state as well as a pulsed device. Stabilization of the plasma emission current is attained through a feedback loop between the spark assembly and the grid bias supply.

Abstract: Thermionic filaments are arranged in an array which covers a predetermined area. A spreader electrode which may be in the form of a flat plate is placed on one side of the filaments with an anode being placed on the other side of the filaments, and an accelerator grid, focusing plate and collimation plate being placed in that order between the filaments and the anode. The anode is in the form of a foil through which the electrons pass into an area where they are utilized, such as for example a laser cavity where they are utilized to ionize the laser gas. The foil anode is supported on an apertured structure which facilitates the formation of a vacuum tight seal of the vacuum envelope containing the gun and functions as a heat sink to dissipate some of the heat energy developed in the foil.

Abstract: A dispenser cathode for a grid-controlled electron tube in which the emission of surface regions immediately opposite the control grid is reduced by providing projections above the emissive surface of fused, pore-closing portons which have a focussing effect. These projections may be formed by electron beam or laser beam welding.

Abstract: A flat cathode ray tube device is provided for display of information by response to an electron beam of a phosphor coating on a face plate. A monolithic structure includes an x-y matrix of electron source cathodes and a pair of grid arrays successively spaced from the matrix with holes therethrough adjacent to and aligned with the cathodes selectively to form and individually control the intensity of an electron beam from each of said cathodes. Deflection control structure has holes through which the beams may pass with a set of x-y deflection electrodes associated with each of the holes for x-y control of the trajectory of each of the beams. A support plate forms the base of the monolithic structure with the cathodes mounted thereon and a face plate structure marginally sealed to the support plate provides a vacuum tight envelope housing the monolithic structure.

Abstract: A grid-controlled electron tube is constructed with a common anode and an array of individual cathode-grid modules. The simple modules can be built with greater accuracy than large, complex electrodes. The modules can be individually tested before final assembly, and can be individually replaced in case of a failure during construction or later operation. In a preferred embodiment, the cathode is a cylindrical filament surrounded by a coaxial grid, each grid turn being mounted to a common support on the side opposite the anode. In a tetrode embodiment, additional focusing bars at the sides of the grid direct electrons into beams which pass between large screen-grid wires.

Abstract: A grid-controlled electron source comprises an apertured grid spaced in front of a thermionic cathode. Areas of the cathode directly behind the grid conductors are made non-emissive by a bonded surface layer of non-emissive material such as zirconium. On porous metal cathodes impregnated with active emitting material the metal surface may be sealed with a dense layer of inactive metal under the non-emissive layer to prevent chemical reaction of the latter with the emitting material.Methods of depositing the surface layers in the desired pattern include coating the cathode's entire large-scale surface contour, followed by machining small concave dimples into the surface, thereby removing the non-emissive layer from the dimpled surfaces from which small beamlets of electrons are focused between the grid conductors without grid interception.Another method is to mask the desired non-emissive areas with an apertured mask having solid elements registered with the desired positions of the grid conductors.

Abstract: An encapsulated planar cathode structure is formed for a vacuum tube. A multibeam cathode ray tube is obtained by heating in the CRT such a structure with a plurality of separated electron emissive layers to remove the encapsulation material. Positive photoresist technology is utilized: for obtaining delineated apertures on a planar metallization layer supported by an insulating substrate into which needle-shaped carbonate particles are deposited electrophoretically normal to the metallization; and for encapsulating the resultant cathodes.