Abstract: A substrate heating device is provided. The substrate heating device includes a vacuum chamber and a heater. The vacuum chamber receives a substrate. The heater includes a body, a heating wire, and a terminal part. The body penetrates through a wall of the vacuum chamber such that a portion of the body is in a vacuum atmosphere of the vacuum chamber. The heating wire is provided inside the body and partly disposed inside the vacuum chamber. The terminal part is connected to the heating wire and is disposed outside the vacuum chamber.

Abstract: A heated article of clothing including a garment body, a heater coupled to the garment body, a heater supply cable configured to provide electrical power to the heater, and a battery pack configured to power to the heater by way of the heater supply cable. The garment body includes a first compartment configured to hold the battery pack, a second compartment configured to alternatively hold the battery pack, and a pass-through connecting the first compartment to the second compartment internally within the garment body such that the battery pack is movable between the first and second compartments while remaining coupled with the heater supply cable.

Abstract: A bi-stable mechanism for a vacuum interrupter. The bi-stable mechanism includes an actuator; and a cam pivotable by the actuator, the cam moving a moveable contact. Wherein a bellows assembly is positioned above a vacuum bottle and coupled to a housing. The bellows assembly includes an outer cylindrical shell surrounding an opening spring, a spring plate, a contact spring, and a bellows. The bellows assembly reciprocates the moveable contact to prevent arcing between a pair of contacts and biasing the pair of contacts apart from each other.

Abstract: A system for determining a treatment plan in active ion beam treatment, to minimize unwanted dose, while maintaining or improving target dose coverage, whereby a beam is split into at least two sub-beams and where each sub-beam has a range shifter of different settings.

Abstract: An alumina-ceramic-based electrical insulator, to a method for producing the insulator, and to a vacuum tube includes the insulator. The electrical insulator is for insulating two electrodes of a vacuum tube through which a charged particle beam flows, the electrical insulator being formed of an alumina-based ceramic. The ceramic comprises a vitreous phase of between 2% and 8% by weight into which at least one metal oxide is diffused from a face of the electrical insulator.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are radio frequency (RF) cavities and systems including such RF cavities. The RF cavities are characterized as having an insert with at least one sidewall coated with a material to prevent charge build up without affecting RF input power and that is heat and vacuum compatible. One example RF cavity includes a dielectric insert, the dielectric insert having an opening extending from one side of the dielectric insert to another to form a via, and a coating layer disposed on an inner surface of the dielectric insert, the inner surface facing the via, wherein the coating layer has a thickness and a resistivity, the thickness less than a thickness threshold, and the resistivity greater than a resistivity threshold, wherein the thickness and resistivity thresholds are based partly on operating parameters of the RF cavity.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus of discriminating reformulated fuel, which includes a fuel sensing unit including first and second electrode plates which are spaced and face each other, and a measuring part connected to the first and second electrode plates; a fuel control valve unit including a control valve part blocking the fuel passage and a second actuator driving the control valve part; and a control unit connected to the measuring part and the second actuator, and operating the second actuator based on a capacitance measured from the measuring part.

Abstract: Provided is a magnetized coaxial plasma generation device having increased magnetization efficiency and capable of improving power conservation and reducing the thermal load on a coil. The magnetized coaxial plasma generation device generating spheromak plasma comprises: an external electrode (1); an internal electrode (2); a plasma generation gas supply section (3); a power supply circuit (4); a bias coil (5); a pulse power supply (6) for the bias coil; a magnetic flux conservation section (7); and a control section (8). The bias coil (5) is disposed inside the internal electrode and generates a bias magnetic field between the external and internal electrodes. The pulse power supply (6) for the bias coil pulse-drives the bias coil. The magnetic flux conservation section (7) is disposed outside the external electrode.

Abstract: A cold cathode field emission electron source capable of emission at levels comparable to thermal sources is described. Emission in excess of 6 A/cm2 at 7.5 V/?m is demonstrated in a macroscopic emitter array. The emitter is comprised of a monolithic and rigid porous semiconductor nanostructure with uniformly distributed emission sites, and is fabricated through a room temperature process which allows for control of emission properties. These electron sources can be used in a wide range of applications, including microwave electronics and x-ray imaging for medicine and security.

Abstract: A lamp with a light-emitting unit, at least two separate contact modules and an electrical connection between the light-emitting unit and the contact modules, wherein each contact module has at least one electrical contact for connecting to a corresponding lampholder, is presented and described. So that other lamps can be operated safely as gas-discharge lamps in lampholders provided for them, it is envisaged that at least one protective device for prevention of electric shock is provided on at least one of the electrical contacts in a partially assembled state of the lamp in a corresponding lampholder, and that the protective device is designed to assume a deactivated position in the assembled state of the lamp and an activated position in the dismantled state of the lamp.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high voltage shielding arrangement comprising a first metal part and a second metal part positioned in close vicinity to said first metal part. Said second metal part included in said arrangement to be set at an electrical potential that is lower than the electric potential of the first metal part. Said second metal part having comprising one or more edges and an insulator. The second metal part is at least partially encapsulated by the insulator facing the first metal part.

Abstract: A method of making a subassembly (10) for a PAR lamp (12) comprising the steps of: (a) providing a base (14) including a cup-shaped portion (16) with a top edge (18) having an extended flange (20) projecting therefrom; (b) providing a plurality of electrical contacts (22, 24) and inserting the contacts into appropriate locations (22a, 24a) in a bottom (26) of the cup-shaped portion (16); (c) providing a lamp capsule (28) including a light source (30) having dependent leads (32, 34) projecting from a base end (36); (d) inserting the base end (36) of the lamp capsule (28) into the cup-shaped portion (16) and affixing the dependent leads (32, 34) to the electrical contacts (22, 24); (e) providing a reflector (38) having a funnel-shaped body (40) with a substantially tubular neck (42); (f) filling the cup-shaped portion (16) with a liquid cement (44) to a depth that covers the base end (36) of the lamp capsule (28); (g) fitting the reflector (38) over the lamp capsule (28) so that the tubular neck (42) is submers

Abstract: A lamp with a light-emitting unit, at least two separate contact modules and an electrical connection between the light-emitting unit and the contact modules, wherein each contact module has at least one electrical contact for connecting to a corresponding lampholder, is presented and described. So that other lamps can be operated safely as gas-discharge lamps in lampholders provided for them, it is envisaged that at least one protective device for prevention of electric shock is provided on at least one of the electrical contacts in a partially assembled state of the lamp in a corresponding lampholder, and that the protective device is designed to assume a deactivated position in the assembled state of the lamp and an activated position in the dismantled state of the lamp.

Abstract: Provided is an organic light emitting diode (OLED) panel for lighting, including an organic layer emitting light by reaction in response to power supplied by a positive electrode and a negative electrode, a protection cap protecting the organic layer from external moisture and oxygen, a cover film attached to upper surfaces of the positive electrode and negative electrode, and serving as a ground for the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a conductive metal layer grounding the positive electrode and the negative electrode to the cover film.

Abstract: A flat panel display apparatus and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. In one embodiment, the flat panel display apparatus includes i) a flat panel having four peripheral sides and including a plurality of display elements, ii) a first plurality of pad electrodes formed at one or more of the four sides of the flat panel, wherein the first plurality of pad electrodes are electrically connected to at least one of the plurality of display elements, iii) a first plurality of conductive lines extending from the first plurality of pad electrodes, respectively, wherein the first plurality of conductive lines are electrically insulated from each other and iv) at least one intermediate electrode formed between two adjacent ones of the first plurality of conductive lines, wherein the at least one intermediate electrode is electrically insulated from the two adjacent conductive lines.

Abstract: There are provided an electromagnetic shielding sheet and a plasma display apparatus. The electromagnetic shielding sheet includes a base sheet; a first layer on a first surface of the base sheet, the first layer including first and second patterns crossing each other; and a second layer on a second surface of the base sheet, the second layer including a third pattern. The first and second patterns include a conductive material, the third pattern includes a light absorbing material, and at least one of the first and second patterns is grounded.

Abstract: A lamp with combined spot and flood light distribution properties in which an elongate translucent shell defines an interior cavity with a reflector portion and a neck portion. A socket-engaging base includes a pair of electrical contact members for communicating with respective electrical contacts of a socket of a light fixture. A lamp capsule, disposed in the interior cavity, includes a light source that connects to a pair of electrical leads for connecting to electrical contact members of the socket. The light emitted from the light source communicates difusingly radially omni-directionally through the neck portion and directedly substantially longitudinally from the reflector portion.

Abstract: A plasma display apparatus is provided to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI) emission, the plasma display apparatus including: a display panel; a plurality of conductive sheets of which first surfaces are connected to a rear surface of a lower panel; and a base chassis which is connected to second surfaces of the plurality of conductive sheets through a plurality of conductive substances. Therefore, emission of EMI generated while the plasma display panel is operating can be effectively reduced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high voltage shielding arrangement comprising a first metal part and a second metal part positioned in close vicinity to said first metal part. Said second metal part included in said arrangement to be set at an electrical potential that is lower than the electric potential of the first metal part. Said second metal part having comprising one or more edges and an insulator. The second metal part is at least partially encapsulated by the insulator facing the first metal part.

Abstract: A gasket is interposed between a circuit board that generates electromagnetic waves and a conductive member, and includes an elastic member separating the circuit board from the conductive member. The gasket is electrically connected with the circuit board by a conductive layer to receive the electromagnetic waves from the circuit board. The conductive layer is covered with an insulating layer except for a contact area where the conductive layer is coupled with the circuit board. The insulating layer blocks the electromagnetic waves received from the circuit board. The electromagnetic wave noise of a display apparatus is reduced even if a contact failure occurs between the gasket and a top chassis.

Abstract: Provided is a plasma display apparatus. The plasma display apparatus includes a scan electrode and a sustain electrode, a boundary barrier rib, and a filter. The scan and sustain electrodes are formed in parallel with each other on a front substrate. The boundary barrier rib is formed on a rear substrate facing the front substrate, and partitions a discharge cell into two up/down neighbor cells. The filter is positioned in front of a panel. The filter includes an external light shield sheet including a first base part and a first pattern part, and an ElectroMagnetic Interference (EMI) shield sheet. A thickness of the external light shield sheet is 1.01 to 2.25 times of a height of the first pattern part. The sustain electrode is commonly formed only one for the two up/down neighbor cells.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave shielding material 1 comprises a light-shielding electrical conductor layer 11 having, on its observer-side external surface, a blackening layer 12. The electrical conductor layer 11 comprises a mesh portion 2 that has a large number of openings adjoining one another and faces the center portion 5b of the image-luminescent part 5a of a display device 5, and a frame portion 3 that surrounds the mesh portion 2 and faces the outer edge portion 5c of the image-luminescent part 5a of the display device 5. When trimming the screen of a display D with a black-colored light-shielding layer, since the electromagnetic wave shielding material 1 is used, it is not necessary to perform9 an additional printing step or the like, so that the total number of steps and material cost are not increased. Moreover, such electromagnetic wave shielding material does not cause non-uniformity in light-shielding properties compared with a light-shielding layer formed by printing.

Abstract: Under-gate field emission triode devices, and cathode assemblies for use therein, contain a charge dissipation layer. The charge dissipation layer may be located under or over the cathode electrode and/or electron field emitter.

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatus, system, and method for enhancing air purification efficiency regarding a gaseous medium passing through an opening. Included is a high voltage source that creates an effective voltage field across the opening; and at least one charge bleeding element constructed and arranged to maintain an effective voltage field across the opening.

Abstract: A light emitting diode (OLED) display and pixel driving method thereof are disclosed. Each storage capacitor is discharged via the driving TFT and OLED until conductive current of each OLED is almost zero so as to record a sum of a voltage drop across each OLED under a specific condition and the threshold voltage of the driving TFT. By using the sum of the voltage drop across each OLED and the threshold voltage of the corresponding TFT in the subsequent OLED driving process, the luminance reduction issue caused by TFT threshold-voltage shift and OLED material decay can be solved.

Abstract: A display panel device includes a front sheet that is glued on a front face of a plasma display panel. The front sheet includes a mesh made of a light shield member that has a blackened front surface and a plane size larger than a screen. A length between diagonal lattice points of the mesh is shorter than a cell pitch that is longer one of the cell pitches in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction of the screen. An arrangement direction of the mesh is inclined with respect to an arrangement direction of the cells in the screen.

Abstract: A filter for a plasma display includes an electromagnetic interference shielding mesh formed on a substrate to shield electromagnetic waves and a hard coating layer made of inorganic material formed on the electromagnetic interference shielding mesh. The filter is fabricated so as to provide a reduced thickness of a plasma display, to prevent cracks from being generated on surfaces of the mesh and to reduce manufacturing costs.

Abstract: An electromagnetic shielding filter has two transparent boards and a conductive mesh with plural wires, where the conductive mesh is sandwiched between the two transparent boards. The plural wires are formed of a Cu—Sn—In alloy or a Cu—Ag alloy.

Abstract: [Problems] To provide: a white polyester film excellent in whiteness, reflecting properties, lightweight properties, and dimensional stability to heat; and a surface light source employing the film and having excellent luminance characteristics. [Means for Solving Problems] The white polyester film comprises a white polyester layer (layer W) which comprises a polyester resin ingredient (A) and an ingredient (B) incompatible with the resin ingredient (A) and has bubbles therein. The incompatible ingredient (B) is a cycloolefin resin (b) having a glass transition temperature of 110° C. or higher, and the content (Z) of the cycloolefin resin (b) in the white polyester layer (layer W) is 5-50 wt. % based on the white polyester layer (layer W).

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for making a film assembly used in a PDP filter positioned on the front surface of a PDP, a film assembly manufactured by the method, and a PDP filter using the film assembly. The method includes providing a roll of an EMI film formed on a surface of a long transparent polymer resin film with a predetermined spacing and mounting the wound roll of the EMI film on a first feed roller; providing a roll of at least one long transparent functional film capable of covering at least partially the effective screen portions of the EMI film and mounting the wound roll of the functional film on a second feed roller which is spaced a predetermined distance from the first feed roller; and integrating the EMI film with the functional film by feeding them into a gap between the first and second compression rollers.

Abstract: An optical filter of a plasma display panel (PDP) and its fabrication method are disclosed. The optical filter includes an electromagnetic wave shield layer having a bias angle formed by cutting a mesh film along a predetermined direction.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical layered body having a good antistatic performance and good optical properties as well as an excellent durability. The present invention provides an optical layered body, comprising: an antistatic layer on a light-transmitting substrate, wherein the antistatic layer is a resin thin film layer containing at least an organic conductive material and a nonconductive polymeric material which is a resin having a glass transition temperature of 60° C. or higher or a resin obtainable by a reaction between a resin having a glass transition temperature of 60° C. or higher and a cross-linking agent.

Abstract: Field emission devices (FEDs) are provided. In one embodiment, an FED includes an electron emitter, a tube spaced apart from the electron emitter and having a first opening and a second opening, and a gate electrode disposed on an outer surface of the tube. The first opening is disposed at one end of the tube adjacent to the electron emitter, and the second opening is disposed at the other end of the tube. The FED further includes an anode that is spaced apart from the second opening and collects secondary electrons emitted from the second opening.

Abstract: An electron emission device includes a substrate; first electrodes on the substrate and spaced apart from each other in a first direction; a second electrode electrically insulated from the first electrodes and extending in a second direction crossing the first direction; and electron emitters located on sides of each of the first electrodes.

Abstract: Compositions for forming arcing and charging prevention films, arcing and charging prevention films formed from the compositions, and field emission devices including the arcing and charging prevention films are provided. The composition includes from about 50 to about 90 wt % of an inorganic oxide, from about 5 to about 30 wt % of an organic vehicle, and from about 1 to about 45 wt % of glass frit. The arcing and charging prevention films have excellent adhesive force and are stable even in vibration or vacuum conditions. Therefore, field emission devices including the arcing and charging prevention films have high uniformity and stability.

Abstract: An optical filter of a plasma display panel (PDP) and its fabrication method are disclosed. The optical filter includes an electromagnetic wave shield layer having a bias angle formed by cutting a mesh film along a predetermined direction.

Abstract: In an image display apparatus composed of a vacuum container having an electron source composed of multiple electron-emitting devices and a phosphor film that is irradiated with an electron from the electron source to emit light for display, an ion pump for exhausting the vacuum container through a communicating path by virtue of an action of a magnetism forming portion is arranged. A magnetic shielding member is arranged in a space where the ion pump and the electron-emitting devices are in communication with each other, whereby an influence of a magnetic field generated by the magnetism forming portion on the trajectory of an electron emitted from any one of the electron-emitting devices and display luminance unevenness incidental to the influence are removed.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave shielding sheet 1 comprises a transparent substrate 11, and a first anticorrosive layer 23A, a first blackening layer 25A, a metal layer 21, and a second anticorrosive layer 23B that are successively formed on the transparent substrate 11 through an adhesive layer 13. A second blackening layer 25B is formed so that it fully covers the side faces of the first anticorrosive layer 23A, the first blackening layer 25A, the metal layer 21, and the second anticorrosive layer 23B, as well as the front face of the second anticorrosive layer 23B. At least either of the first anticorrosive layer 23A and the second anticorrosive layer 23B contains one or more metals selected from nickel, chromium, and silicon, and also zinc and/or tin when it is initially formed, and the zinc and/or tin is removed from the first anticorrosive layer 23A and/or the second anticorrosive layer 23B in an intermediate steps.

Abstract: A negative voltage generator includes a current mirror unit, a control unit, a resistor, and a switching unit. The current mirror unit receives a first positive voltage from a first positive voltage source and a second positive voltage from a second positive voltage source and determines how to generate a first output current and a second output current according to the difference of a received positive reference voltage and the second positive voltage. The control unit generates a control signal whose value depends on the voltage variation of a negative voltage generated by a negative voltage source, and the on/off state of the switching unit is determined according to the control signal to keep the current passing through the switching unit constant and to generate a first output negative voltage having a constant level.

Abstract: There provided is an electron beam apparatus of preventing surface creeping discharge from newly arising due to discharge that arises between an anode electrode and an electron-emitting device. In an electron-emitting device including a scan signal device electrode and an information signal device electrode, a portion of the scan signal device electrode is covered by an insulating layer of insulating scan signal wiring from information signal wiring, an additional electrode is connected to the scan signal device electrode at an end portion of the insulating layer and the additional electrode is configured so that energy Ee being lost due to melting of the additional electrode is larger than energy Ea of discharge current flowing in to the electron-emitting device.

Abstract: The main purpose of this invention is a system for conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy by electrostatic conversion, comprising at least one fixed electrode (2) and at least one mobile electrode (4) that can be vibrated by mechanical energy, facing the fixed electrode, said fixed (2) and mobile (4) electrodes being separated at rest by an air gap distance (?), said system comprising means (12) of modifying the air gap distance as a function of the variation of the vibration amplitude of the mobile electrode (4). Another purpose of this invention is an energy conversion method using such a system.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave shielding sheet includes a transparent substrate 11 and a metal layer 15 provided on one surface of the transparent substrate 11 through an adhesive layer 13. The metal layer 15 includes a mesh part 103 and a frame part 101 surrounding the mesh part 103. The frame part 101 includes at least one transparent part 105 that is a metal-layer-free area. Preferably, the transparent part 105 includes a metallic portion 105a in a geometric pattern. Light transmitted by or reflected from the transparent part 105 is detected, thereby the transparent part 105 can be used as a register mark for detecting the position of the mesh part 103.

Abstract: A front filter being attached to a front surface of a flat panel display device includes a NIR (near infrared ray) blocking film for blocking the emission of near infrared rays to outside; an EMI (electromagnetic interference) shielding film for absorbing electromagnetic waves and for preventing the electromagnetic waves from being emitted to outside; a glass formed on a front surface of the EMI shielding film; and an antireflection coating for preventing incident rays from outside from reflecting back to the outside, in which the EMI shielding film includes a mesh unit formed of conductive meshes that are intersected with each other; and a mesh frame for surrounding the mesh unit to support the mesh unit and to define an effective display area on a screen.

Abstract: A plasma lamp and method having high efficacy, high color rendering index, and a desirable correlated color temperature with improved color consistency from lamp to lamp. The lamp may include a vaporizable fill material comprising halides of sodium and scandium and a filter formed from a vitreous material containing a dopant. In one aspect, the filter is formed by a glass shroud containing neodymium oxide that reduces the transmission of yellow light.

Abstract: An inner shield for a cathode ray tube includes a screen opening and an electron gun opening through which electron beams pass, and a main body including a pair of long sections and a pair of short sections interconnected to form the screen opening and the electron gun opening. A cathode ray tube includes the inner shield. Each of the short sections includes a cutaway section having a pair of first cutaway sections formed starting from the electron gun opening and extending at a predetermined angle for a predetermined distance toward the screen opening, and a second cutaway section formed starting from where the first cutaway sections end and extending inwardly toward the screen opening, the second cutaway section being formed to extend past imaginary lines formed from where the first cutaway sections end to a furthermost inward point of the second cutaway section, that is, the point of the second cutaway section closest to the screen opening.

Abstract: A color cathode ray tube having a striped phosphor screen is provided, in which color displacements due to the tube axis (Z-axis) component of the terrestrial magnetism can be decreased at low cost. A positive temperature coefficient thermistor and a degaussing coil are connected in series to an AC power source (AC 100V) via a switch. A rectifier/smoothing circuit is provided in parallel to the positive temperature coefficient thermistor. When the switch is turned on, an ordinary degaussing process due to the AC attenuating magnetic field interlinked to the degaussing coil is performed, and the DC magnetic field in the Y-axis direction interlinked to the degaussing coil decreases the influence of the terrestrial magnetism in the tube axis direction (Z-axis direction).

Abstract: An implosion preventing band for a cathode ray tube includes a main band formed around an outer surface of a skirt of a face panel, and including a pair of long sides provided on opposite sides of the skirt in a direction corresponding to long sides of a screen, a pair of short sides provided on opposite sides of the skirt in a direction corresponding to short sides of a screen, and corners formed between the long sides and the short sides to interconnect the same; and degaussing coil supports formed raised from the main band on long and short sides of the main band, and each having formed one or more openings that allow passage in a direction of a width of the main band, a degaussing coil(s) being supported using the openings. A plurality of the openings is formed continuously in the degaussing coil supports in a circumferential direction of the main band.

Abstract: Color cathode-ray tube comprising a color selection mask (16) held under tension between a first pair of opposed long sides (30) of an approximately rectangular metal frame (21), a main magnetic screen (22) placed at the rear of the frame in the funnel-shaped part (11) of the tube's envelope, and additional means (50) for forming a screen against the Earth's magnetic field in the part lying along the second pair of opposed short sides of the frame.

Abstract: Method for introducing a limited amount of mercury into a fluorescent lamp during manufacture thereof includes the steps of forming the lamp with an exhaust tubulation therein open at an end thereof and provided with a ball retention structure, exhausting the interior of the lamp through the tubulation open end, placing a rigid ball of inert material in the tubulation between the ball retention structure and the tubulation open end, the ball having a coating of a selected one of silver, gold, and indium, of a selected mass over a selected surface area of the ball, and mercury on the coated area, and sealing the open end of the tubulation, whereby the amount of mercury retained on the ball and thereby introduced into the lamp is limited by the selected mass of the coating on the ball.

Abstract: A display apparatus comprising an evacuated envelope having an interior surface and an exterior surface is disclosed. The envelope includes a faceplate having a luminescent screen on the interior surface thereof. An electron gun is disposed within a neck of the envelope for generating at least one electron beam that is directed toward the luminescent screen. A funnel connects the neck of the envelope with the faceplate. A deflection yoke is disposed around the envelope at the junction of the neck and the funnel. The yoke is attached to the envelope with an adhesive. A resistive primer coating is disposed on the envelope and forms a barrier between the yoke adhesive and the envelope. The resistive primer coating is formed from an aqueous formulation comprising a copolymer of chloroprene and methacrylic acid, a conductive filler material and at least one cross-linking agent.