Abstract: A light source cooling body (100), a light source assembly, a luminaire and a method to manufacture a light source cooling body or a light source assembly are provided. The light source cooling body comprises a homogeneous body (104) made of a thermally conductive material. The homogenous body comprises an open space that comprises a wick structure, a condenser (112) and an evaporator (116). Near the evaporator the light source cooling body has an interface area (102) to thermally couple with a light source and to receive heat from the light source. The condenser is arranged away from the interface area. A portion 114 of the open space is tubular shaped. The open space may hold a cooling liquid partially in the gaseous phase and partially in the liquid phase and the wick structure is configured to transport the cooling material in the liquid phase towards the evaporator.

Abstract: A technique facilitates formation evaluation with downhole devices which may include fluid analyzers having atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) systems. According to an embodiment, a fluid analyzer of a downhole tool may be positioned in a wellbore penetrating a subterranean formation. The downhole tool comprises a downhole flowline for receiving a sample fluid. Additionally, the fluid analyzer comprises a flowline positioned to receive the sample fluid for analysis by the atomic absorption spectroscopy system. The atomic absorption spectroscopy system has a light source to generate light and to excite atoms of a substance in the sample fluid. The atomic absorption spectroscopy system also comprises a detector to measure how much light has been absorbed by the substance, thus enabling the atomic absorption spectroscopy analysis.

Abstract: Device for producing an electron beam includes a housing, which delimits a space that is evacuatable and has an electron beam outlet opening; an inlet structured and arranged for feeding process gas into the space; and a planar cathode and an anode, which are arranged in the space, and between which, a glow discharge plasma is producible by an applied electrical voltage. Ions are accelerateable from the glow discharge plasma onto a surface of the cathode and electrons emitted by the cathode are accelerateable into the glow discharge plasma. The cathode includes a first part made of a first material at least on an emission side, which forms a centrally arranged first surface region of the cathode, and a second part made of a second material, which forms a second surface region of the cathode that encloses the first surface region.

Abstract: A plasma source that is uniformly and efficiently cooled, a vacuum plasma processing apparatus including the plasma source, and a plasma source cooling method are provided. The vacuum plasma processing apparatus includes a vacuum chamber of which the inside is evacuated to a vacuum state and a plasma source which is provided inside the vacuum chamber. The plasma source includes a plasma generation electrode that generates plasma inside the vacuum chamber and a reduced pressure space forming member that forms a reduced pressure space accommodating a liquid cooling medium and depressurizing at the back surface of the plasma generation electrode, and the plasma generation electrode is cooled by the evaporation heat generated when the cooling medium is evaporated by a depressurization.

Abstract: An induction RF fluorescent lamp configuration provides reduced EMI, including a lamp envelope with a re-entrant cavity both covered on the partial vacuum side with phosphor and filled with a working gas mixture, a tubular ferromagnetic core on the non-vacuum side said re-entrant cavity wound directly on the said core with two windings having different numbers of turns, a first active winding having one end connected to an RF ballast and the other end connected to local ground, and a second passive winding having one end grounded and the other end free.

Abstract: A plasma pinch extreme ultraviolet source using lithium vapor requires surrounding surfaces that are heated or cooled in order to evaporate the desired quantity of lithium, typically setting the vapor pressure of lithium at a pressure of a few torr. Two distinct surfaces within the whole set are designated as the electrodes that emit and receive the high current of the plasma pinch. A method is described whereby the temperature of these designated electrode surfaces is manipulated in order to condense lithium and provide a liquid metal protective layer to absorb both plasma and extreme ultraviolet heat thereby controlling electrode erosion. A further method is described that provides a protective flow of liquid lithium exactly on the axis of the pair of discharge electrodes.

Abstract: The disclosed system includes a two-phase cooling apparatus configured for cooling an array of LED dies.

Abstract: An LED illuminating device includes a housing defining a sealed boiling room, an optical module and an adiabatic member. The boiling room has a lower room and annular room surrounding the lower room. A wick structure is received in and attached to an inner side of the housing. Working fluid is received in the boiling room and saturated in a bottom portion of the wick structure located at a bottom of the lower room. The optical module is provided with a plurality of LEDs attached to the housing at a position under the bottom portion of the wick structure. The adiabatic member is received in the boiling room and attached to a middle portion of the wick structure at a top of the lower room for avoiding thermal and flow interactions between liquid in the middle portion of the wick structure and vapor in the lower room.

Abstract: A discharge tube arrangement for a compact fluorescent lamp is provided. The tube forms a continuous arc path and has electrodes disposed at each end of the arc path. The discharge tube arrangement comprises a first cold chamber in order to control and maintain a required mercury vapor pressure. The first cold chamber is located in a longitudinal end portion of the tube arrangement. The discharge tube arrangement is further provided with at least one second cold chamber, which is positioned between the longitudinal end portions of the discharge tube arrangement. The at least one second cold chamber is positioned on the wall of the tube, and has a cold chamber wall protruding substantially away from the central axis of the discharge tube arrangement. The discharge tube arrangement may have a coiled configuration with helical tube portions or a multifinger configuration with straight tube members.

Abstract: A lamp (10) includes an envelope (12) having a body (14) with a light source capsule (16) contained therein and ending in a hollow base (18) that terminates in a conical end (20). A circuit board (22) is positioned within the hollow base (18) and includes a triangular portion (24) that is closely fitted within the conical end (20). A temperature sensitive, voltage reducing component (28a) is positioned near the apex (30) of the triangular portion (24).

Abstract: A method of operating an arc discharge lamp and a lamp in which a light transmissive envelope encloses electrode tips, a salt and a fill that includes iodine, and in which after turning the lamp off, a first part of the light transmissive envelope is locally cooled relative to other parts of the light transmissive envelope to provide a condensation site for the iodine that is spaced from the electrode tips, the first part of the light transmissive envelope being where a salt reservoir forms and where the salt is cooled by the local cooling. The local cooling may be provided by an indentation in an outer sleeve around the light transmissive envelope, where the indentation contacts the first part to provide a heat sink.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a discharge electrode (1) for use in an electrostatic precipitator in combination with one or more collecting electrodes, wherein the discharge electrode (1) has the form of a tubular element (2). The discharge electrode (1) includes electrode elements (3) that consist of tongues (4) bent out from the wall (5) of said tubular element, said tongues also be bent upwards. The invention also relates to a method of producing the discharge electrode.

Abstract: High lumen output quartz metal halide lamps are provided which comprise a vacuum outer fill, and a silicon nitride CVD coating on the outside of the quartz arc tubes (discharge tubes). Instead of nitrogen filled outers, vacuum lamp outers are used to reduce energy loss (since heat conduction loss is reduced) and to increase lumen output. Additionally, only the outside of the arc tubes is coated with silicon nitride, without coating the metal components. This reduces or blocks sodium diffusion through the quartz walls. The silicon nitride coating also retards migration of the trace hydrogen from the lamp outer into the arc tube. At least about a 10% increase, and preferably a 15% increase in lumen output is realized by using a vacuum lamp outer instead of the nitrogen fill outer conventionally used for the traditional quartz fill lamps. The heat conduction loss is reduced and the lamp efficiency is increased significantly.

Abstract: A discharge bulb including: an arc tube having a light emitting portion constructed in a manner that a light emitting substance is enclosed therein by pinch-sealing the arc tube, and discharge electrodes are oppositely arranged therein; and a shroud glass tube hermetically sealing and covering the arc tube, so as to form a space between the shroud glass tube and the arc tube. And a water content or pressure of gas enclosed in the sealed space is specified.

Abstract: An electrodeless light bulb assembly having a standard light bulb base located at one end of an extruded cylindrical heat sink including a set of elongated fins extending radially outward from an annular inner body portion. An electrodeless light bulb, excitation coil, and transparent cover for the bulb are located at the other end of the heat sink. A solid state electrodeless lamp driver circuit is thermally coupled to the heat sink and is located in a hollow inner space region formed by the inner body portion. The annular inner body portion also includes at least one but preferably a plurality of boiler/condenser heat pipes located around its periphery for thermally coupling the heat from excitation coil and the driver to the fins where heat is transferred to the air via natural convection. The excitation coil can be formed from a length of conventional electrical conductor or it can be formed from a length of heat pipe connected at one end to the driver and at the other end to the heat sink.

Abstract: In a UV high-power radiator, a plurality of dielectric tubes (6) having internal electrodes (7) are disposed in the interior of a quartz housing having rectangular cross section. The interior of the housing is filled with a filling gas which emits UV radiation under discharge conditions. The electrical supply is provided in such a way that the discharges (17) develop between adjacent dielectric tubes (6). A notable feature of this construction is its compactness, economical nature and service friendliness.

Abstract: The electrodeless low pressure discharge lamp has a lamp vessel (1) having a cavity (3) at an end portion (2) thereof. An electric coil (4) surrounding a plastic tube (5), wherein a liquid filled tubular container (7) surrounded by a soft-magnetic core (6) is present, is accommodated in the cavity (3). The tubular container (7) is at a portion outside the cavity (3) rigidly secured in a recess (82) present in a protrusion (81) present at a flange (8). A mounting member (9) bearing the plastic tube (5) and the lamp vessel (1) is securable to the flange (8).

Abstract: Electrodeless low-pressure discharge lamp having a discharge vessel which is sealed in a gastight manner and is filled with an ionisable metal vapor and a rare gas, which lamp has a cylindrical core of a magnetic material in which during lamp operation an electromagnetic field is generated in the discharge vessel by a metal wire winding surrounding the core and a high-frequency electric power supply unit connected thereto, the magnetic material core being provided with a cooling body consisting of a heat pipe which is located at the area of the longitudinal axis of the core and is surrounded by the core at least as far as the proximity of its first end, while the second end of the heat pipe is maintained at a relatively low temperature.

Abstract: Disclosed is a light source having an envelope containing therein an anode and a hollow cathode, in which the hollow cathode is supported by a hollow metal cylinder. The hollow cylinder externally extends out of the envelope and a plurality of radiation fins are attached on the outer wall of the externally extending portion of the cylinder. Meshes are provided on the inner wall of the hollow chamber of the cylinder. Water is sealed in the hollow chamber under a reduced pressure to facilitate evaporation. The condensed water is displaced toward a high temperature portion by capillarity. The water is evaporated at the high temperature portion while taking away the latent heat of evaporation. In such an arrangement, the cathode is maintained at a low temperature so that the self-absorption of the spectral line can be reduced.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the phase-transition cooling of particle-transparent windows in charged particle accelerator systems, wherein the apparatus and method permit the operation of the particle-transparent window at a desired temperature by directing an atomized, vaporizable coolant liquid over the window surface, the coolant liquid having a boiling point approximately equal to the desired operating temperature of the window, so that heat is absorbed as the liquid coolant changes from a liquid phase to a gaseous phase.

Abstract: Orientation independent ignitron 10 has a cooled cathode 28 which carries thin mercury film 58 which is held in place by surface tension forces so that it is independent of orientation. Ignitor 48 starts conduction which continues until mercury exhaustion or shut off by an external circuit. During nonconductive portions of the duty cycle, the mercury recondenses on the cooled cathode 30.

Abstract: A magnetron with a central cathode coaxially surrounded by an annular anode forming an array of cylindrical resonant cavities is tunable by an axially movable disk carrying hollow plungers which project into these cylinders, the disk being spacedly overlain by a lid or wall member defining therewith a shallow chamber for the circulation of a cooling fluid. The fluid enters and leaves via expandable inlet and outlet channels to traverse not only the chamber but also the interior of the several plungers. The axial adjustment of the disk is brought about by rotation of a ring with an internally threaded hub engaging a complementarily threaded hollow boss rigid with the disk, the chamber communicating with the interior of the boss through peripheral apertures of the latter. The fluid is branched off a hydraulic circuit for the cooling of the stationary electrode structure formed by the anode and the cathode.

Abstract: Liquid-metal plasma valve has an anode, a condenser and a force-fed liquid-metal cathode. These bound the interelectrode space through which the plasma jet acts during conduction. The cathode directs the plasma jet to impinge on an inclined surface which acts as the anode. The inclined surface reflects the particles to the condenser when the anode is noncondensing, but when the functions of anode and condenser are combined, the inclined surface of the condensing anode traps the jet particles. When the anode is noncondensing, in some cases the condenser and anode are at the same potential and in other cases the condenser and cathode are at the same potential. Cathode, anode and condenser are shaped to minimize the transit time of jet particles from emission to condensation.

Abstract: A magnetron comprising a large vane-type, double-strapped anode structure with the vanes being cooled by liquid flowing in a channel immediately behind the surface bombarded by electrodes and the two pairs of straps passing through openings in the vanes, a liquid cooled secondary-emission cathode positioned centrally of the anode, said cathode incorporating a starting filament connected to a heating current power source, means for engendering an axial magnetic field in the region between anode and cathode, and power output means connected to at least one slot between vanes, said means including a coupling slot, a ridge waveguide transition connected to said slot and a window between the transition and an output waveguide.