Abstract: A tool includes a head that extends form the flexible section, an emitter within the head; and a nozzle to eject a cooling fluid therefrom. A method of additively manufacturing a component including delivering series of thermal shocks to a conglomerated powder within an internal passage of an additively manufactured component to facilitate removal of the conglomerated powder.

Abstract: A cold cathode ionization vacuum gauge, including: two electrodes disposed such that one of the electrodes is surrounded by the other electrode to thereby form a discharge space therebetween; and an electrode protection member disposed in the discharge space and configured to protect an inner wall surface of the other electrode, wherein the electrode protection member has electric conductivity and is elastically deformed along a shape of the inner wall surface to be electrically connected to the other electrode.

Abstract: The invention describes a discharge lamp (1) comprising a quartz glass envelope (10), a discharge chamber (11) and a pair of electrodes (2), wherein an outer end portion (2A) of an electrode (2) overlaps a conductive foil (3) embedded in a pinch (12) of the quartz glass envelope (10), and wherein the electrode (2) comprises an inner structured zone (ZB) in an inner portion (2B) of the electrode (2) between the conductive foil (3) and the discharge chamber (11), and an outer structured zone (ZA) over the outer end portion (2A) of the electrode (2), and wherein the outer structured zone (ZA) and the inner structured zone (ZB) are different from each other. The invention also describes a method of manufacturing an electrode (2) for use in a discharge lamp (1). The invention further describes an electrode (2) for use in a discharge lamp (1).

Abstract: An electrode (1) for a high-pressure discharge lamp, having an electrode head (3) and an electrode rod (2), connected to electrode head (3) and defines a longitudinal axis (L). The electrode head (3) comprises a main section (4) on the same side as the electrode rod (2), an intermediate section (5) and an end section (9) on the opposite side from the electrode rod (2). The end surface of the end section (9) of the electrode head (3) is formed at least approximately semicircularly, and at least one subsection of the intermediate section (5) is cylindrically shaped. The extent (D2) of the cylindrical subsection of the intermediate section (5) in at least one direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis is greater than the diameter (D3) of the semicircular end surface of the end section (9), but less than the largest transverse extent (D1) of the main section.

Abstract: The invention describes a method of manufacturing an electrode (1) for a gas-discharge lamp, which method comprises forming an electrode shaft (10); forming a coil (2) over a winding length (L W); arranging the coil (2) on the electrode shaft (10); and melting material of the coil (2) such that, when the melted coil material has re-solidified, the solidified material (30,31) comprises a one-piece shell (3), which one-piece shell (3) comprises a fused portion (30) over a fraction (L T) of the winding length (L W) and a mantle portion (31) over a remainder (L B) of the winding length (L W).

Abstract: A short arc type discharge lamp includes a cathode and an anode arranged inside an arc tube to face each other. The cathode comprises a main body portion made of tungsten and an emitter portion made of thoriated tungsten that is joined at the tip of the main body portion, where a metal oxide other than thorium (Th) is contained in the main body portion of the cathode, and a tungsten carbide layer is formed on the metal oxide.

Abstract: Disclosed is an arrangement for a cut type electrode, wherein the removal of a coil is prevented and the generation of gap between turns of a coil caused by repeatedly turning on and off of the lamp is suppressed. The electrode, which is for a discharge lamp, comprises: a core rod having a leading end portion for discharge formed by a cutting process; and a coil wound around the core rod in n-turns in a state exposing the leading end portion, wherein at least a first portion between a first turn and a turn adjacent to the first turn and a second portion between an n-th turn and a turn adjacent to the n-th turn are welded.

Abstract: A device for lighting a room is described. The device has an envelope with a transparent face, the face having an interior surface coated with a cathodoluminescent screen and a thin, reflective, conductive, anode layer. There is a broad-beam electron gun mounted directly to feedthroughs in a base of the envelope with a heated, button-on-hairpin, cathode for emitting electrons in a broad beam towards the anode, and a power supply mounted on the feedthroughs at the base of the envelope that drives the cathode to a multi-kilovolt negative voltage. A two-prong snubber serves as an anode contact to permit the power supply to drive the anode to a voltage near ground. A method of manufacture of the anode uses a single step deposition and lacquering process followed by a metallization using a conical-spiral tungsten filament coated with aluminum by a thermal spray coating process.

Abstract: A mast electrode design for a wet electrostatic precipitator including a first and a second electrode section connected together via a connector assembly. The connector assembly includes an axial protrusion extending from an end of the first electrode section which is inserted into an axial bore formed in an end of the second electrode section.

Abstract: An electron emission device includes a cathode electrode and a gate electrode, the gate electrode is separated and insulated from the cathode, the gate electrode is a CNT layer, and the CNT layer includes at least a carbon nanotube film and a plurality of carbon nanotube reinforcement structures. A display that includes the electron emission device is also disclosed.

Abstract: In various embodiments, an electrode for a discharge lamp is provided. The electrode may include a metal pin that has a section around which a coil made of metal wire is wound, wherein the metal wire is flattened.

Abstract: A lamp includes a tube, a first inner electrode and a second inner electrode. The tube has a cavity, a first sealed portion and a second sealed portion. The cavity is located between the first and the second sealed portions. The first and the second inner electrodes are disposed at the first and the second sealed portions respectively and extend into the cavity. The first inner electrode has a first rod and a first head portion disposed at a first end of the first rod and located within the cavity. A volume of the first head portion is between 1.0 and 30 mm3. The second inner electrode has a second rod and a second head portion disposed at a second end of the second rod and located within the cavity. A volume of the second head portion is between 0.1 and 4.0 mm3.

Abstract: Disclosed is a tungsten electrode for ultra-high pressure mercury lamps comprising an electrode rod, a first coil wound around the front end side of the electrode, and a second coil wound around the electrode rod starting from the end of the first coil. The tungsten wire of the first coil is smaller in diameter than the tungsten wire of the second coil.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved electrode rod (1) holder with the aid of a metal tube piece 5 and a metal plate 6 connected in a fixed manner to the metal tube piece for a mercury ultra-high pressure discharge lamp.

Abstract: A display device includes linear structures each having a first conductor linearly extended and a light emitting layer structure which covers at least a part of the conductor, the linear structures being arranged in parallel. The linear structures are electrically insulated by first insulating portions from one another. Second conductors are arranged in parallel so as to cross the linear structures and electrically connected to the light emitting layer structures at crossing portions arranged in a matrix. The linear conductors are electrically insulated by the linear conductors from one another.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a fine structure capable of accurately controlling formation positions of tubular structures made of carbon or the like is provided. Column-shaped protrusions (11) are formed on a substrate (10). Next, a catalyst material (20) such as iron (Fe) is adhered to the substrate (10). Subsequently, by providing the substrate (10) with heat treatment, the catalyst material (20) is melted and agglomerated on the side faces (11A) of the protrusions (11), and thereby cyclic catalyst patterns made of the catalyst material (20) are formed on the side faces (11A) of the protrusions (11). After that, tubular structures (30) in a state of tube are grown by using the catalyst patterns. The tubular structures (30) become carbon (nano) pipes, which are raised from the side faces (11A) of the protrusions (11) and whose ends (30A) are opened. The tubular structures (30) can be formed correspondingly to the positions of the protrusions (11) accurately.

Abstract: A discharge device for generating a streamer discharge includes a discharge electrode and a counter electrode. The discharge electrode is in a shape of a wire or rod and is disposed substantially parallel to the counter electrode. Thus, even when a tip of the discharge electrode becomes worn out, a shape of the tip of the discharge electrode remains unchanged and a distance between the discharge electrode and the counter electrode remains unchanged. As a result, even when the tip of the discharge electrode becomes worn out, the streamer discharge stability will not fall.

Abstract: In one aspect, a microelectrode comprising an upper surface, two walls, and a polymer core is described, wherein each of the two walls forms an angle with a lower surface, and the upper surface and each of the two walls comprises a metal thin film in contact with the polymer core. The lower surface, however, lacks a continuous metal thin film. In another aspect, a microelectrode comprising a metal thin film is described in which the metal thin film has a thickness and a plane bisects the thickness. The plane forms an angle with a lower surface that lacks a contiuous metal thin film. The metal thin film is in contact with a supporting polymer having an upper surface that also lacks a continuous metal thin film.

Abstract: An arc tube for a discharge bulb is provided for use in a vehicular lighting system. The arc tube includes a closed glass bulb that is pinch-sealed at opposite ends. Inner ends of a first electrode and a second electrode extend into the closed glass bulbs from the ends of the closed glass bulb. The atmosphere inside the closed glass bulb includes a starting rare gas, a primary light-emitting metal halide, and optionally, a buffer metal halide. The distance between the inner ends of the electrodes is between about 0.3 and 1.8, and the inner diameter of the closed glass bulb at a middle portion is between about 1.5 mm and 2.7 mm. Accordingly, a stable discharge is produced using between 15 W and 30 W of power.

Abstract: An electron emission element of the present invention comprises a substrate, and a protrusion protruding from the substrate and including boron-doped diamond. The protrusion comprises a columnar body. And a tip portion of the protrusion comprises an acicular body sticking out therefrom. The distance r [cm] between a center axis and a side face in the columnar body and the boron concentration Nb [cm?3] in the diamond satisfy the relationship represented by the following formula (1): r > 10 4 Nb .

Abstract: In a spark plug for an internal combustion engine, a spark gap is defined between an insulated sparking portion and a grounded sparking portion. At least one of the insulated sparking portion and the grounded sparking portion is made of a molten alloy composed of (a) 99 to 80 wt. % of Ir and (b) 1 to 20 wt. % of Pt. The insulated sparking portion can be a center electrode or a discharge chip attached to a free end of the center electrode, while the grounded sparking portion can be a ground electrode or a discharge chip attached to a free end of the ground electrode.

Abstract: A field emission cathode for use in flat panel displays comprises a layer of conductive material and a layer of amorphic diamond film, functioning as a low effective work-function material, deposited over the conductive material to form emission sites. The emission sites each contain at least two sub-regions having differing electron affinities. The cathode may be used to form a computer screen or a fluorescent light source.

Abstract: The excitation device comprises a plurality of rod-like electrode elements. Each electrode element is enclosed by a chemically and thermally stable protective casing, which can be exposed to high electric fields. The electrode elements are held in vertically extending crosspieces. This results in a setup of several modules, each of which consists of a plurality of electrode elements and two cross pieces. The electrode elements of each module are electrically connected to a conductive bar and have equal potential. Consecutive modules are alternately connected to ground or phase, respectively.

Abstract: To improve the operation of high-pressure discharge lamps by preventing pature deformation of the end face of an anode due to extremely high temperature, with subsequent vaporization of tungsten material from the electrode and deposition on the bulb or vessel of the high-pressure discharge lamp, the electrode is axially forged, for example by hammering, to compact and change the grain structure of the electrode towards a finer grain than elsewhere in the electrode and increase the hardness of the electrode across the end face surface. Both--higher density and finer grain structure--increase the parameters which characterize the lifetime of electrodes, and hence of the lamp, namely heat conductivity and resistance against deformation under heat stress.

Abstract: Thermal breakage of crystalline electrodes used in arc-vapor deposition is prevented by originally fabricating the electrodes from broken pieces of the crystalline material which are slightly sintered together and form an electrode body in which a carbon rod or other conductor is embedded to provide electrical contact. The particles are sintered in a vacuum oven and a pool of the electrode material can be formed at a working end of the electrode body when the latter is used for arc-vapor deposition.

Abstract: An ion source for an intense ion beam from a solid source is formed with a cathode around a central anode. A source of magnetic field with closely spaced poles is formed around a central region of the cathode so that the most intense region of the magnetic field is a torus on the inside of the cathode and the field at the anode is weak. A torus of plasma can be formed near the inside surface of the cathode which can be coated with solid source material. An ion beam can be extracted through an aperture in the cathode.

Abstract: An electrical discharge machining electrode for small hole machining. The electrode is of a rod shape and includes a spiral shaped groove extending along the electrode body with a length greater than the thickness of the workpiece. The groove terminates proximate the electrode machining face for receiving a stream of liquid coolant and promoting its flow through the gap during machining. The electrode machining face is blunt and relatively planar in shape.

Abstract: A successively joinable carbon electrode for use in gouging or blasting metallic articles comprises a copper coated electrode body having one end formed into a coaxial connecting projection and the other end formed with a coaxial tapered socket for receiving the connecting projection of another carbon electrode of identical construction. The connecting projection consists of a tapered stem portion adjacent the electrode body and a cylindrical portion on one side of the stem portion opposite to the electrode body such that the projection of one carbon electrode can tightly be fitted into the socket of another carbon electrode with the copper layer on such one carbon electrode electrically connected to the copper layer on such another carbon electrode.

Abstract: In a threaded connection to be loaded in an axial direction, said connection comprising two pieces (i) having coincidental axes and (ii) having different coefficients of thermal linear expansion wherein one piece is a threaded male piece and the other piece is a threaded female piece,the improvement comprising providing, at ambient temperature, a taper such that the change in radial clearance per unit of length between the opposing threads of each piece is equal to the expression A.DELTA.T tan .theta. wherein:A = the difference in the coefficients of thermal linear expansion of the materials of which each piece is comprised, in the axial direction;.DELTA.T = the operating temperature of the connection minus ambient temperature; and.theta.= the acute angle formed by the loaded face of the thread of either piece with the axes,said radial clearance increasing in the direction of the loading of the piece having the higher coefficient of thermal linear expansion.

Abstract: A line electron filament is provided which is cylindrically shaped and substantially uniform in cross section about its longitudinal axis. The filament can be of the type known as directly heated or of the type known as indirectly heated. The uniformity of the filament is obtained through cataphoretic deposition in a rotating cylindrical tube. The filament is useful as a cathode in a display which employs space charge limited emission operation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mounting of carbon electrodes on a holder of an arc lamp used as a light source for a weatherometer or a lightfastness tester. In the holder, one end of the carbon electrodes and the holder are threadedly connected with each other.

Abstract: A carbon arc lamp for use in a light fastness tester and other similar testers, and having a metal rod extending from a carbon electrode mounting part in the upper part of the lamp down to a point just below an upper metal plate. A portion of the rod is engaged by a ring clutch which is connected to an automatic feed control for the carbon electrode. The lower end of the metal rod has the upper end of the carbon electrode mounted thereon by a threaded connection.

Abstract: A high temperature cement for carbon articles comprising aluminum, and tantalum or silicon, in a specific weight percent ratio such that when heated in an inert atmosphere, the tantalum or silicon will react with the carbon in the articles to be joined to form, in situ, tantalum carbide or silicon carbide, respectively, in the presence of aluminum.

Abstract: An electrode assembly for a plasmatron, comprising a holder being cooled having a high-heat insert mounted therein in contact with a near-the-electrode zone of an arc at one side thereof and in thermal and electrical contact with the cooled holder at the other side thereof; a chamber formed in said holder between said high-heat insert and cooled holder extending symmetrical to the insert axis and filled with a substance whose coefficient of thermal conductivity is lower than that of the material of the cooled holder, the substance filling the chamber being in constant contact with the high-heat insert.Used as a substance filling the chamber is a gaseous element, and as a high-heat insert is a metal selected from groups IV, V, or VI of the Periodic System, or an alloy based thereon.