Abstract: A first and second charging equipment for charging electric vehicles is wired on a single electrical circuit. Electric current is dynamically allocated to the first and second charging equipment such that the maximum amount of electric current supported by the single electrical circuit is prevented from being exceeded. Dynamically allocating electric current to the first and second charging equipment includes communicating a first and second current limit to a first and second electric vehicle respectively connected to the first and second charging equipment to cause the first and second electric vehicle to limit their current draw to not exceed the first and second current limit respectively. The sum of current being drawn at the first and second current limit does not exceed the maximum amount of electric current supported by the single electrical circuit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for detecting a defect on the DC power supply bus of a power converter connected to an electrical distribution network (RD). The method comprises steps of: determination of a mean value ( V) of the voltage (Vbus) of the DC power supply bus of the converter, determination of the ripple ({tilde over (V)}ppH1) of the voltage (Vbus) of the DC power supply bus, monitoring of the variation of the said mean value ( V) with respect to the said ripple ({tilde over (V)}ppH1), determination of a defect on the DC power supply bus as a function of the rate of the said variation, the said defect consisting of an anomaly on the inductor (L1) of the DC power supply bus, a power overload of the power converter, or advanced wear of the bus capacitor (Cbus).

Abstract: The invention specifies a method for fault identification when driving a polyphase motor by means of a frequency converter, wherein, in a rest state, the frequency converter controls the phase voltages of the polyphase motor and the phase currents of the polyphase motor are measured. In this case, provision is made for, then in the rest state, the phase currents or current variables derived therefrom to be adjusted by closed-loop control to a predetermined setpoint current variable, for the frequency converter to be controlled so as to output an interference voltage variable for the phase voltages, for the response of the adjustment by closed-loop control to the interference voltage variable to be observed, and for a conclusion to be drawn regarding a fault of the frequency converter and/or the phases of the polyphase motor from the response of the closed-loop control. The cited method allows for largely loss-free detection of faults in the drive system of a polyphase motor.

Abstract: In a method and a device for determining a reference position of a locking part moved by an electric motor, the locking part is moved in the direction of the closed state thereof, until the same reaches a stop position. At that location the meter reading of a position meter describing the stop position is detected and buffered. Subsequently a movement of the locking part is carried out in the direction of the opened state thereof. The locking part is then moved again in the direction of the closed state thereof, until it again reaches a stop position. At that location a meter reading describing the stop position is detected, and compared to the buffered meter reading. If both meter readings agree, the first stop position is determined as the reference position. The method and device can be utilized, for example, for power window lifts and sunroofs of motor vehicles.

Abstract: A method is provided for detecting an insufficient or missing phase current in a permanent magnet synchronous motor, and includes determining a composite vector position of a combined three-phase phase current with respect to a stationary portion of the motor, and assigning a sector to the position. The method includes comparing the phase current to a calibrated threshold current corresponding to the sector, and executing a response when the absolute value is less than the threshold. A vehicle includes an energy storage device (ESD), a motor/generator configured as a permanent magnet synchronous motor, a voltage inverter, and a bus for conducting DC current from the ESD to the inverter. A controller detects an insufficient phase current, determines a current vector position of the three-phase AC, assigns a sector to the position, and executes a response when an absolute value of the phase current is less than a calibrated threshold.

Abstract: In a method for detecting an inverter hardware failure in an electric power train comprising high voltage cables, at least one electric machine and at least two inverter legs with two power electronic switches respectively for pulse-width-modulating a DC voltage from a high voltage battery for energizing the at least one electric machine, and including at least one mid-pack voltage sensor for detecting isolation faults, wherein all power electronic switches are demanded to open; at least one of the power electronic switches of one of the inverter legs is opened and closed at a time at a given duty cycle and a given frequency; a mid-pack voltage is measured using the mid-pack voltage sensor; the closed switch is identified as functional in case a common mode voltage is detected by the mid-pack voltage sensor or otherwise the closed switch is identified as non-functional.

Abstract: A speedometer includes a function storage device, which has stored therein four conversion functions, a selector, which provides four options corresponding to the four conversion functions in the function storage device, and a microprocessor, which counts pulse signals sent by the sensor device of the motor vehicle to obtain a counted total value, selects the corresponding conversion function from the function storage device corresponding to the option selected through the selector according to the quantity of poles (two, four, eight or sixteen) on the drive shaft of the motor vehicle, and puts the counted total value into the selected conversion function for calculation to obtain a car speed value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the visual representation of an input value, and provides an instrument, which can be given any predefined characteristic of its visual display. Cross-coil instrument is provided, said cross-coil instrument comprising a driver for the instrument characterized in that it further comprises a digital input terminal, a predetermined characteristic of the instrument stored as a map of input/output values in a digital memory and a microprocessor, said input value being a value represented visually by the cross-coil instrument, said output value being the value applied to the cross-coil instrument to visual represent the input value.

Abstract: A system for managing collection of data and remote operation of fielded remote units is disclosed. The remote units may be incorporated in automatic meter reading systems, capacitor bank switching systems, power line fault detection units, power recloser units, surveillance systems, railroad switch heaters, or any of a multitude of systems wherein widely scattered devices require monitoring and/or operational commands. Each remote unit is provided with a CELLEMETRY™ transceiver, allowing the unit to receive commands from and pass data to a data center via the cellular control channel network and the Internet. The data center is organized to provide data related to a particular service to an associated customer user via the Internet, the customer users being utility companies, railroad companies, surveillance companies, and the like.

Abstract: A high-accuracy, 1X VR resolver includes a first rotor portion having (N?1) salient poles, where N is an arbitrary integer not less than 3, a second rotor portion having N salient poles, a first stator portion having an input coil and an output coil for a shaft angle multiplier of (N?1)X are provided, and a second stator portion having an input coil and an output coil for a shaft angle multiplier of NX. A first resolver unit composed of the first rotor portion and the first stator portion, and a second resolver unit composed of the second rotor portion and the second stator portion are disposed in front and rear stages, respectively. The output coil of the stator portion in the front stage is connected to the input coil of the stator portion in the rear stage in such a manner that the output coil of the stator portion in the rear stage outputs an output signal for a shaft angle multiplier of 1X.

Abstract: A method for turning various classes of loads on and off by means of switch elements in the context of energy management performed by a control unit, particularly in a motor vehicle, is described, in which the triggering of the switch elements is done such that the selected priorities for triggering the switch elements can be varied during operation, that is, dynamically. This enables an adaptation of the switching priorities during ongoing operation as a function of the operating state. The turn-off of loads is done by varying the switching priority in such a way that the perceptibility of the operating states is suppressed as much as possible, and the priorities can also be varied in accordance with person-specific criteria.

Abstract: Moving magnet indicating instruments in which a damping fluid migration barrier projects from the inside of one wall of the bobbin coil and another damping fluid migration barrier projects from the face of the rotor which confronts that wall. Certain fluids have a tendency to migrate, or “creep,” over surfaces they contact. The fluid migration barriers of the present invention prevent unwanted migration of fluid out of a cavity by providing a sharp peak over which the fluid cannot creep.

Abstract: Moving magnet indicating instruments in which a damping fluid migration barrier projects from the inside of one wall of the bobbin coil and another damping fluid migration barrier projects from the face of the rotor which confronts that wall.

Abstract: A pulse signal generated by a car speed sensor is converted to an analog voltage by a F-V converter, and two sawtooth signals are formed by two sawtooth current generators based on the analog voltage. The sawtooth currents are then converted into two triangular wave voltages by two I-V converters. Three-stage function generators change the slope of each of the triangular wave voltages step by step and form an approximated sine wave voltage and an approximated cosine wave voltage. A zero-cross compensating circuit is provided in each of the first stage function generators and adjust the triangular voltage to cross zero point.

Abstract: A method and system for driving an air core gauge whereby pointer resolution of an air core gauge is improved across a full range of motion. The method including the steps of generating a first gauge control signal responsive to a signal, the first gauge control signal having a first duty cycle corresponding to a first pointer position; generating a second gauge control signal responsive to the signal, the second gauge control signal having a second duty cycle corresponding to a second pointer position; and modulating between the first gauge control signal and the second gauge control signal alternating drive periods to drive the gauge pointer to display an average pointer position.

Abstract: There is disclosed a meter driving device which can perform a smooth indication through a simple process in response to an input pulse even if the frequency of the input pulse is relatively low.An edge detector generates a one-shot pulse each time the edge of an input pulse is detected by the edge detector. CPU performs a digital filtering process to the one-shot pulse in response to a start signal having a constant update cycle that is provided from a timer. Thus, the high-frequency components are removed from the one-shot pulse so that a DC component is taken out to provide an angular shift .theta. of an indicating arm corresponding to the frequency of the input pulse. This DC component is used to move the indicating arm through a indicator drive device.

Abstract: A multiple-meter driving system intends to cut down on the amount of space needed and to reduce the manufacturing cost by providing a single controller including a processing circuit, the controller being adapted collectively to drive a plurality of meters mounted in a vehicle such as motorcar or the like. Pulse signals each having a frequency corresponding to an input signal from a vehicle speed sensor or the like in the vehicle are counted with respect to their period T by a plurality of counters. The counts are then supplied to the controller. DC signals each corresponding to an input from a fuel sensor or the like are converted into digital signals by an A/D converter, which are also supplied to the controller. The processing circuit in the controller time-shares these input signals so as to perform operations of 1/T, sine and cosine. The results are again supplied back to the controller which in turn directs them to pulse width modulating circuits corresponding to the respective meters to be indicated.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of and an apparatus for limiting electrical loads due to electrical equipment on an electric vehicle. In the electrical load limiting apparatus, a desired running distance is inputted by a desired running distance inputting device and a depth of discharge of a battery is detected by a battery condition detecting device. Ambient environment data for the electric vehicle are obtained from an illuminance sensor, a temperature sensor and a raindrop sensor. An arithmetic device is activated to determine and compute running conditions on the basis of the desired running distance, the depth of discharge and the ambient environment data. The electrical loads are controlled by an electrical load limiting device based on the result of the determination by the arithmetic device.

Abstract: A rotating magnetic measuring instrument including a form for receiving thereon first and second coil windings, with the second coil being wound within the first coil. The second coil includes a section thereof wound in a reverse direction for reducing the effective magnetic moment of the second coil so as to be substantially equal in magnitude to the effective magnetic moment of the first coil. The rotating magnetic measuring instrument also includes a magnetic indicator carried by the coil form that is rotated by to magnetic moments produced by the flow of current through the first and the second coils.

Abstract: A cross-coil type measuring instrument which is employed as an engine tachometer for instance. A cross-coil type measuring instrument includes a cross-coil type measuring unit having a pair of coils arranged crossed forming a predetermined angle with each other, and a movable magnet magnetized bi-polar which is set rotatable by the magnetic action of said pair of coils, a driving circuit for producing polarized drive signals which are different from each other in phase and change in response to variation in values to be measured, and a constant voltage source for supplying a first constant voltage to the driving unit, the first constant voltage being switched to a second constant voltage periodically in response to a switching signal. Due to the switching of the constant voltage, the amount of power supplied to the cross coils can be made smaller resulting in reducing the amount of heat generated therein as much.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a cross coil indicator comprises a coil bobbin; a pair of coils wound around said coil bobbin, said coils being disposed orthogonally to each other; a magnet rotor disposed in an inner portion of said coil bobbin, said magnet rotor rotating with a center axis thereof at a predetermined angle determined in accordance with a composite magnetic field generated by the said coils energized; pin connectors disposed on an outer peripheral portion of said coil bobbin at the same interval between adjacent said poles, wherein said pin connector has a first wire winding portion for winding an end portion of said coil is formed at the end portion of said pin connector and a second wire winding portion for winding said coil extended from said first winding portion toward said coil bobbin is formed below said first winding portion, and said first portion is soldered.

Abstract: An air core gauge method and apparatus are disclosed. The apparatus receives an input signal and comprises a gauge device and driver circuit for driving the gauge device. A detection circuit detects transitions in the input signal and provides a control output in response to detected transitions. A power control circuit, responsive to the control output, provides a 100% duty cycle power signal to the driver circuit during detected transitions and otherwise provides a power signal with a duty cycle less than 100% to the driver circuit so that the average power consumed by the gauge is reduced and the operating temperature of the gauge is reduced.

Abstract: A meter driving system measures a period of input signals, and operates meters based on the measured period data. When no period data arrive in a preset period of time after the last period data, the lapsed time is treated as the period data so as to renew the meter indication. The meter driving system is very responsive to a signal whose frequency is gradually decreased, thereby giving the indication with little delay.

Abstract: A driving apparatus used for an analog indicating instrument having a pair of cross coils comprises a pulse signal generating device for generating a pulse signal having a frequency proportional to a quantity to be measured, a frequency-voltage conversion device for generating a ripple voltage proportional to the frequency of the pulse, holding a mean voltage of the ripple voltage as an analog voltage while restraining the ripple, and controlling the analog voltage so as to change following a mean value of the ripple voltage, thereby to supply the analog voltage, and driving devices for supplying a current in accordance with the analog voltage to the cross coils so as to drive these cross coils. The driving apparatus has effects on improving responsibility of frequency-voltage conversion operation in a low frequency region and reducing the deflection of a pointer of an instrument by restraining the ripples.

Abstract: A pulse-width modulation system provides means for controlling dual-coil, air-core gauges at a various rates over 360 degrees. The system moves a dial needle from one octant of the gauge to the next in response to coded data representing measurands by holding one coil at 100% duty cycle while applying a PWM of a varying duty signal to the other coil. When the magnitude of the measurand dictates that the needle should move into another octant of the dial, the PWM signal and the 100% duty cycle signal are interchanged between the coils in a manner permitting the needle to move to other octants of the dial. The system includes a variable PWM count clock that permits selecting at least PWM rates and periods for forming PWM duty cycles ranging from 0% to 100%.

Abstract: A pulse-width modulation system provides means for controlling dual-coil, air-core gauges over 360 degrees. The system moves a dial needle from one octant of the gauge to the next in response to coded data representing measurands by holding one coil at 100% duty cycle while applying a PWM of a varying duty signal to the other coil. When the magnitude of the measurand dictates that the needle should move into another octant of the dial, the PWM signal and the 100% duty cycle signal are interchanged between the coils in a manner permitting the needle to move to other octant of the dial.

Abstract: A meter drive apparatus using a counter for counting reference clocks and a comparator for comparing the output value of the counter and the data indicating a directive target of a meter. The output of the comparator is supplied to steering logic where the sign of a current flowing a drive coil of the meter is determined. When supplying the counted value of the counter to the comparator, parallel bits indicating the counted value are cyclically changed. The output of the comparator is PWM-modulated to drive the meter. The effective frequency of PWM waveform is increased, compared to the direct PWM modulation based on the data indicating the directive target of the meter. With this meter drive apparatus, the frequency of the reference clocks may be relatively low.

Abstract: An instrumentation apparatus with curable internal magnets is shown. The apparatus comprises a magnetic rotor and a rotatably mountable spindle to which the magnetic rotor is attached. A support structure to which the spindle is rotatably mounted defines at least one retaining area. A material is poured into and cured in the retaining area, and then charged to form a magnet. The molded and cured magnet provides a constant magnetic field that acts upon the magnetic rotor, providing a return-to-zero function or a volt gauge function for the instrumentation apparatus.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a cross coil having a first coil winding for generating a first magnetic field when an electrical current flows therethrough and a second coil winding for generating a second magnetic field when an electrical current flows therethrough, and the second coil winding being wound so as to cross the first coil winding to each other. The cross coil comprises a mechanism for equalizing the magnitude of each of the first and second magnetic fields generated when identical electrical currents flows through each of the coil windings.The equalizing mechanism comprises the arrangement of the turns of the windings in which the individual turns are alternately wound on top of the turns for the other winding.

Abstract: A moving magnet type indicating instrument comprising a moving magnet type instrument, a counter mechanism, a drive unit, and a frame body produced of a synthetic resin. The magnet type indicating instrument includes a magnet mounted in bobbins produced of the synthetic resin, a needle shaft fixed to the magnet, and a coil wound at an angle on the bobbins. The bobbins are housed in a magnetic shield case and the coil is electrically connected to terminals provided on the bobbins. The counter mechanism, including a total counter and reset counter having a zero-resetting device, is mounted on the frame body. The drive unit comprises a case including a step motor for driving the counter mechanism and a groove of gears, and is fixed to the frame body. Terminals for the moving magnet type indicating instrument and the drive unit are inserted and connected to the connectors provided on a printed-circuit board.

Abstract: A meter driving system receives pulse signals from a sensor, counting frequencies or periods of the input signals. The counted results are weight-averaged to determine an output value and a value to be indicated. In a weight-averaging process, a weight is varied in response to the frequencies of the input signal. Thus, the meter can give a precise indication regardless of varying input frequencies.

Abstract: A gauge circuit for use with a wide angle air core meter display having high linearity and adapted for use with a remote sensing resistor. A constant sense current is provided and its value is moudlated at a frequency that is high with respect to the frequencies associated with offset voltages that occur with a sense resistor that is grounded remotely from the gauge ground. A low duty cycle pulse modulation shape is disclosed for the purpose of minimizing electromagnetic interference radiation.

Abstract: A meter driving device for indicating angular positions corresponding to input values. The device includes a memory for storing previously given input values, angular directions corresponding to the input values, and coefficients representative of the grades of change in angular direction depending on the change between adjacent two input values, as parameters. Based on these parameters and the frequency of input pulse signal giving the input values, the angular direction corresponding thereto is calculated. The angular direction signal receives PWM process and then supplies to a pair of crossed exciting coils via a driver. During a predetermined time period from the turning ON and OFF of the power source, the transference of the angular direction signals to the driver is shut out by logic gates, thereby inhibiting malfunctional meter indication.

Abstract: A radial type air-core gauge includes orthogonally positioned pairs of stator coils wound on independent coil forms spaced radially 90 degrees apart about a central cup of a gauge case. The cup houses a permanent magnet rotor which rotates about a shaft extending from a support bearing in a bottom surface of the cup to a hub of a dial pointer. Movement of the shaft causes a dial pointer to move over a dial face in response to changes of a balanced resultant field caused by variations of excitation signals applied to the stator coils.

Abstract: A meter driving apparatus used for automotive meters such as a tachometer and a speedometer. The frequency of a pulse signal the period of which changes in correspondence with an input is calculated by counting the reference clock signals. A current corresponding to the calculated frequency is applied to two exciting coils which are orthogonal to each other, and the indicator points at the direction at the angle determined by the torque received in accordance with the magnetic field generated. A time counter adds one to the current count value whenever a predetermined time has elapsed. Even when the input pulse signal has a low frequency and the frequency rapidly changes from a high value to a low value, a temporary output is calculated from the current count value so as to prevent the degradation of the responsiveness.

Abstract: A cross coil type instrument includes a plurality of coils cross-arranged around a movable permanent magnet, a needle fastened to the movable permanent magnet through a shaft projecting from the movable permanent magnet and penetrating the coils, a reset-to-zero permanent magnet arranged in the vicinity of the movable permanent magnet, and a stopper so as to make contact with the needle at a reference indication position when the movable permanent magnet is driven only by the reset-to-zero permanent magnet.

Abstract: A driving circuit for driving a crossed-coil type instrument used for reading a physical quantity in which a pair of windings surrounding a movable magnet carrying a pointer needle thereon are disposed to cross each other with a predetermined mechanical angle. The driving circuit comprises a digital data conversion circuit supplied with an electrical signal representing the physical quantity to be measured for producing a digital data representing the electrical signal, a pulse data producing circuit supplied with the digital data for producing a number of pulses in correspondence with the digital data, and a drive signal generating circuit supplied with the pulses for generating first and second analog drive signals therefrom. The driving signals are respectively supplied to the first and second windings for moving the magnet disposed in the first and second windings.

Abstract: A drive apparatus for a cross-coil type meter has cross-coils formed of a first and a second coil disposed intersecting at the center thereof. A magnet rotor is disposed in a magnetic field set up by the cross coils, and a measurement is represented in terms of a rotational angle of the magnet rotor. The drive apparatus comprises a first supply means for supplying the first coil with a first square wave current having a duty cycle of a% in accordance with the measurement; a second supply means for supplying the second coil with a second square wave current having a duty cycle of (100-a)% complementary to the first square wave current; and a polarity setting means for setting in accordance with the measurement polarities of the first square wave current and the second square wave current.

Abstract: In the moving magnet type meter of the present invention, the coil mounting portions of a bobbin body are projected outwards in a generally arched shape on the central side to form circular arc-like or inclined surfaces, whereby the bobbin body can be made strong against the external pressure induced by the mounting of coils thereon and can be prevented from being deformed. Further, the upper portion of a movable magnet is centrally formed with an upwardly projecting shaft support portion for supporting a pointer shaft, and a thrust bearing portion is formed in the lower surface of an upper bobbin body portion in an opposed relation to the upper end face of the said shaft support portion through a predetermined slight gap, whereby the pointer shaft can be formed in the shape of a straight rod without forming a reduced-diameter portion serving as a thrust bearing, so the fabrication of the pointer shaft is easy and it is possible to maintain the strength of the pointer shaft itself.

Abstract: An instrument has a crossed-coil-type movable magnet in which a movable magnet rotatable about the shaft of a pointer needle is installed in a crossed coil unit and a measured quantity or the like is operated by supplying electric power to the crossed coil unit. The instrument includes an input unit to receive an input from a measurement object to be measured, an arithmetic section or ROM to set directions and time values for supplying electric current to the coils of the crossed coil unit, and a circuit section to deliver pulse signals with predetermined potential values to the crossed coils under conditions associated with the directions and time values, to provide a very broad angular range of the pointer needle.

Abstract: In a cross-coil moving-magnet measuring instrument having an approximately cylindrical core developed as winding form, a first coil and a second coil are wound crosswise one over the other. The second coil is necessarily arranged over the first coil in the region of the ends of the winding form and thus has a greater height of turn than the latter. Within the core there is furthermore mounted a moving magnet whose pointer shaft is brought out from an extension of the core. In order to reduce the errors in linearity of this measuring instrument and to permit a display over several quadrants, spacing elements are arranged on the core, they serving to guide turns of the coil, spaced from the extension of an core, around the latter in planes which are at right angles to each other.

Abstract: A meter of the type having crossed coils, comprises an outer body having a cylindrical wall surrounding the coils, and an insert of an amorphous metal alloy that is disposed in a cylindrical bore defined by the wall. The insert surrounds the coils and is formed by rolling a strip of plate made of amorphous metal alloy. This construction provides an effective magnetic shield.

Abstract: In a crossed-coil rotating-magnet measuring instrument having an approximately cylindrical core developed as winding form, a first and second coil are wound crossed one above the other. The second coil is necessarily arranged over the first coil in the regin of the ends of the winding form and thus has a greater height of winding than the latter. Within the core there is also provided a rotating magnet whose pointer shaft is extended out of an extension of the core. In order to reduce the linearity error of this measuring instrument and to permit a reading over several quadrants, spacer means are provided on the core for guiding turns of the coil spaced from the extension of the core around the latter in a rectangular plane in each case.

Abstract: A switching device, with a mechanism similar to that of a D'Arsonval galvanometer, acting responsive to current flow in a primary control circuit to close a switch in a secondary controlled circuit. The primary control circuit includes dual oppositely wound coils, and relative pivotal mounting is provided between the coils and permanent magnets. The pivotal movement therebetween, upon current flow, closes the switch.