Abstract: An objective of the present invention is to provide a method, or the like, for estimating the convergence of dimensional changes in a molded article over time, by utilizing the polarization intensity of terahertz waves. The present invention provides a method for estimating the convergence of changes in the dimensions of a molded article over time, the method comprising: irradiating a molded article with terahertz waves at multiple positions thereon, wherein the molded article is irradiated with the terahertz waves at each position thereon in multiple orientations about the optical axis; measuring polarization intensities of the terahertz waves transmitted through or reflected from the molded article; and determining whether the polarization intensities at the multiple positions are in a given relationship with each other.

Abstract: An abnormal sound detection method and apparatus are provided. First, an abnormal sound signal is received. Next, the abnormal sound signal is converted into a spectrogram. Afterwards, image recognition is performed on the spectrogram for obtaining a defect category corresponding to the abnormal sound signal.

Abstract: Systems and methods for power conversion are described. Symmetric topologies and modulation schemes are described that may reduce common-mode noise. For example, a system may include a transformer including a first secondary winding and a second secondary winding; a rectifier, including a set of switches, that connects taps of the first secondary winding and the second secondary winding to a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the rectifier is symmetric with respect to the first secondary winding and the second secondary winding; a battery connected between the first terminal and the second terminal; and a processing apparatus that is configured to control the set of switches to rectify a multilevel voltage signal on the transformer, including: selecting a modulation scheme from among two or more modulation schemes based on a measured voltage level of the battery.

Abstract: It is an objective of the current disclosure to design a novel communications system capable of offering improvement in channel capacity compared to current communications systems. To this end, the disclosure teaches how to add new information to a select number of Degrees of Freedom (DOF), through three design steps. All three steps aim to design the system such that the minimum required average received Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) is reduced for a given desired capacity and for a given specified mask. The first design step identifies the select number of DOF required for achieving the desired capacity. The second design step enhances the contribution of the selected DOF by matching them to the specified mask. This step aims to have the transmitted signal comply with the specified mask. The third design step randomizes the DOF using a pseudo-random phase. This step aims to reduce the required average received SNR.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to systems, devices and methods for the efficient use of utilities, more particularly to the distribution and provision of electricity supply at appropriate voltages, monitoring and usage by end devices, and to facilitating consumers in changing their energy usage behaviour, and to adopt and easily install appropriate sustainable, energy efficient or renewable technologies. Said end devices typically including traditional electric, electronic and lighting appliances requiring AC or DC power provision or low voltage DC power via AC/DC converters.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for controlling the phase shifts produced in a binary corporate tree network of the kind, e.g., that can drive a phased array for steering an optical beam. The method employs a novel phase-wrapping technique in which an entire layer of the binary tree is disabled when the phase added in that layer reaches 2?. With that technique, it is possible to economize on electrical control lines and on the use of electric power, while still maintaining the ability to produce arbitrary phases at the output of the tree network.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining signal strength data within at least one allocated GNSS frequency band is provided. The apparatus includes a GNSS antenna. The GNSS antenna receives signals within the allocated GNSS frequency band. The apparatus further includes receiving circuitry. The receiving circuitry is for demodulating the received signals. The apparatus further includes a processor and memory for storing instructions, executable by the processor. The instructions include instructions for generating signal strength data for the received signals within the GNSS allocated frequency based on the demodulated signals, and for determining a position for a point of interest based upon the demodulated signals. Included in the apparatus is a display screen for displaying a graphical representation of the signal strength data of at least a portion of the at least one GNSS allocated frequency band.

Abstract: An electromagnetic radiation detector of an embodiment includes a first scintillation detector that detects incidence of electromagnetic radiation and includes a first scintillator that outputs photons in response to the incidence of electromagnetic radiation; a second scintillation detector that detects scattered electromagnetic radiation exiting from the first scintillation detector, the scattered electromagnetic radiation that occurs inside the first scintillation detector due to Compton scattering of the electromagnetic radiation; and a multi-channel analyzer that performs multi-channel analysis of a result of the detection by the first scintillation detector, the result being other than results of the detection, timing of which is considered to coincide with timing of the detection by the second scintillation detector.

Abstract: Example circuitry includes a first circuit to provide a low signal; a second circuit to provide a high signal, where the high signal has a greater voltage magnitude than the low signal; and a differential amplifier configured to receive the low signal from the first circuit and the high signal from the second circuit. The differential amplifier is for producing an output voltage that is based on the high signal and the low signal. The example circuitry includes a first measurement circuit to measure the output voltage; a second measurement circuit to measure the low signal at the first circuit; and processing logic to determine a differential measurement based on the output voltage measured by the first measurement circuit, the low signal measured by the second measurement circuit, and calibration values obtained for the circuitry.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a system and method for the management of a monitor module in an electrical measurement system to determine an estimate of a transfer function of a first measurement sensor in the measurement system. The management comprises outputting a first control instruction for instructing the monitor module to determine an estimate of the transfer function of the first measurement sensor over a first individual run length of time, obtaining a first monitor result from the monitor module, the monitor result comprising the estimate of the transfer function of the first measurement sensor and generating a report based at least in part on the first monitor result.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a system including a duty-cycle-monitoring circuit is configured to receive a monitored signal having cycles that have a high portion and a low portion. The duty-cycle-monitoring circuit includes: a cascade of buffers including a first buffer, wherein the first buffer is configured to receive a first signal based on the monitored signal, a plurality of corresponding flip-flops. Each flip-flop is triggered by a second signal based on the monitored signal. The data input of each flip-flop is connected to an output of a corresponding buffer. The duty-cycle-monitoring circuit further includes a control circuit configured to determine, based on a state of the plurality of flip-flops, a measure of the duration of the high portion of a cycle of the monitored signal and determine, based on a state of the plurality of flip-flops, a measure of duration of the low portion of a cycle of the monitored signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a DC-DC switching converter architecture that utilizes the chip's thermal capacity effectively by implementing adaptive switching frequency scaling over the operation region, keeping the die/package temperature constant. The power budget is effectively utilized, and the external components such as capacitors, inductors, and pass device sizes are reduced, thereby increasing the efficiency of the switching converter. An adaptive frequency scalar is optimized, avoiding losses, especially at high loads. The larger the input and output voltage ranges, the bigger the benefit the disclosure becomes.

Abstract: Methods and systems for waking up a wireless receiving device having a wake-up radio (WUR) circuit. A low-power wake-up signal is transmitted, comprising a wake-up frame (WUF) including having a portion that is subjected to spectrum spreading and transmitted using a single carrier. The wake-up signal is processed by the receiving using non-coherent detection.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for taxonomically distinguishing grouped segments of signal data captured in unconstrained manner for a plurality of sources. The system comprises a vector unit constructing for each of the grouped signal data segments at least one vector of predetermined form. A sparse decomposition unit selectively executes in at least a training system mode a simultaneous sparse approximation upon a joint corpus of vectors for a plurality of signal segments of distinct sources. The sparse decomposition unit adaptively generates at least one sparse decomposition for each vector with respect to a representative set of decomposition atoms. A discriminant reduction unit executes during the training system mode to derive an optimal combination of atoms from the representative set. A classification unit executes in a classification system mode to discover for an input signal segment a degree of correlation relative to each of the distinct sources.

Abstract: An analyte in a matrix is sensed using a sensing device having a detection probe conjugated to a mediator-receptor that is not a binder for the analyte. The sensor device is provided with mediators conjugated to analyte-receptors, where the mediators are selected to bind to the mediator-receptors, and where the analyte-receptors are selected to bind to the analyte. In some embodiments, the mediators are bound to the detection probe by a tether molecule, or tether molecule fragment, or tether domain. In other embodiments, the mediators are not bound to the detection probe. The presence of the analyte is detected by optically or electrically detecting changes of distance between the mediators and the mediator-receptor, indicative of association and/or dissociation events between mediators and mediator-receptor, the characteristics of which are affected by whether the analyte is bound to the analyte-receptor.

Abstract: A method for adjusting the resonance frequency of a loop filter in a delta-sigma modulator includes input of a filter input signal of a loop filter into a frequency adjustment circuit and determination of a noise spectrum of the filter input signal in a first frequency band and a second frequency band. The first frequency band and the second frequency band are arranged symmetrically around the predetermined frequency. The method includes comparison of the noise spectra and creation of an adjustment signal that leads to a frequency adjustment when the noise spectra deviate from one another. The method also includes feedback of the adjustment signal of the frequency adjustment circuit to a control input of the loop filter for setting the filter frequency in response to the comparative result.

Abstract: A direct current (DC) bus voltage from a combined output of a plurality of DC power modules is controlled based on an alternating current (AC) voltage of a power grid. The DC bus voltage tracks the AC grid voltage to provide efficient conversion between the DC power sources and the AC grid, even when the amplitude of the AC grid voltage varies. In one example, a variable reference voltage is generated based on a detected AC grid voltage. The reference voltage increases and decreases in proportion to increases and decreases in the AC grid voltage. In this manner, large differences between the bus voltage and the grid voltage are avoided. By closely tracking the two voltages, efficiency in the modulation index for power conversion can be achieved.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for autonomously operating a microgrid power generator. In one embodiment, the method comprises obtaining a first measurement of at least one grid parameter of a microgrid transmission line coupled to a power generator in a microgrid; comparing the first measurement to a turn-on threshold; initiating, when the first measurement is less than the turn-on threshold, power generation by the power generator; obtaining, after initiation of the energy generation, a second measurement of the at least one grid parameter of the microgrid transmission line; comparing the second measurement to a shut-down threshold that is greater than the turn-on threshold; and stopping, when the second measurement exceeds the shut-down threshold, the power generation by the power generator.

Abstract: Aspects are directed to systems and methods of determining a value of a characteristic related to timing between sequential events of an input electronic signal using an input capture counter having a maximum counting value, the input electronic signal having an expected variable period between events whose value is between a maximum period value and a minimum period value with a delta period value equal to a difference between the maximum period value and the minimum period value.

Abstract: An efficient RADAR imaging method that is able to detect an object within an interested area. This method uses electromagnetic waves transmitted by one or many transmitters to illuminate the interested area, and then estimates the phase shift of the scattered wave of an object according to the path that the electromagnetic wave propagated. By reversing the phase of the obtained scattered signal to the transmitters' position, an image is constructed for the entire interested area according to the correlation of signals in all channels. The present method works in the frequency domain. It produces a microwave image by using the phase and magnitude of the obtained signal, or using the phase information only. Other unique features include the way it synthesizes the signals obtained in multiple channels and at multiple frequencies. Its overwhelming high efficiency makes rapid microwave imaging and real-time imaging possible.

Abstract: A method identifies electric load types of a plurality of different electric loads. The method includes providing a support vector machine load feature database of a plurality of different electric load types; sensing a voltage signal and a current signal for each of the different electric loads; determining a load feature vector including at least six steady-state features with a processor from the sensed voltage signal and the sensed current signal; and identifying one of the different electric load types by relating the load feature vector including the at least six steady-state features to the support vector machine load feature database.

Abstract: A method for line speed interconnect processing. The method includes receiving initial inputs from an input communications path, performing a pre-sorting of the initial inputs by using a first stage interconnect parallel processor to create intermediate inputs, and performing the final combining and splitting of the intermediate inputs by using a second stage interconnect parallel processor to create resulting outputs. The method further includes transmitting the resulting outputs out of the second stage at line speed.

Abstract: Systems and methods for creating and distributing presentations and determining on an individual or aggregate basis the extent to which the presentations are viewed by the intended recipients. Speech recognition software may be used to provide a detailed analysis of presentation playback.

Abstract: A method for selecting thresholds for a data variable or key performance indicator (KPI) includes processing, by a computer, an actual data set for the data variable or KPI and displaying a perspective view representing the actual data for the data variable or KPI in an interactive threshold editor or selection dialog on a computer-user interface. Processing the actual data set for the data variable or KPI includes statistically curve fitting the actual data set to a probability distribution function and determining a set of pre-selected thresholds based on the parameters obtained by fitting the actual data set to the probability distribution function. The method further involves presenting one or more user-activable UI elements that are configured to receive user acceptance, rejection or adjustment of the pre-selected thresholds as thresholds for the data variable or KPI.

Abstract: A system that incorporates the subject disclosure may include, for example, a processor that performs operations including detecting a first depression range of a button that includes an electro-mechanical sensor for detecting the first depression range, comparing the first depression range to a first actuation threshold, and asserting a first actuation state when the first depression range is at or exceeds the first actuation threshold. Additional embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Techniques for AC input signal detection, whereby a method for AC input signal detection may include: sampling an input signal at a sampling rate, where the input signal is based on an AC signal; comparing the input signal with a threshold signal, determining a first value in case the input signal is larger than the threshold signal; determining at least one second value in case the input signal is smaller than the threshold signal; increasing the sampling rate in case a predefined number of consecutive first values is determined; and decreasing the sampling rate in case the at least one second value is determined.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a Bluetooth signal receiving device and method for receiving a Bluetooth signal. The Bluetooth signal receiving device includes a discriminator circuit and a correlator circuit. The discriminator circuit generates a baseband signal by performing frequency shift demodulation on a received signal, and generates a frequency proportion signal having a value proportional to the frequency of the baseband signal. The correlator circuit detects a packet assigned to the Bluetooth signal receiving device by comparing the frequency proportion signal with an access address received from a link layer. The Bluetooth signal receiving device may detect a packet, assigned to the Bluetooth signal receiving device itself, by using access address information of a link layer.

Abstract: The systems and methods of detecting a change in object presence in a magnetic field disclosed herein inject a low amplitude signal near the resonant frequency into the coil until the system comes to equilibrium. At this point the feedback is measured. The feedback signal can be measured as at least one of several signals, for example, but not limited to the voltage on the resonant capacitor, the current in the coil, and the voltage between the resonant capacitor and the coil. A change in the steady state response indicates a change in device presence.

Abstract: A method for detecting electromagnetic waves derived from bacterial DNA, including extracting and purifying nucleic acids from a sample; diluting the extracted purified nucleic acids in an aqueous solvent; measuring a low frequency electromagnetic emission over time from the diluted extracted purified nucleic acids in an aqueous solvent; performing a signal analysis of the low frequency electromagnetic emission over time; and producing an output, based on the signal analysis, in dependence on the DNA in the sample. The DNA may be extracted from at least one of blood, feces, urine, saliva, tears, seminal fluid, sweat, seminal and vaginal fluids of a patient, or water to determine, e.g., potability. The samples may be frozen. The extracting and purifying may include diluting the sample with an aqueous buffer and mixing; degrading proteins in the diluted sample; precipitating DNA from the buffer solution; and resuspending the precipitated DNA in an aqueous solution.

Abstract: Features that may be computed from a harmonic signal include a fractional chirp rate, a pitch, and amplitudes of the harmonics. A fractional chirp rate may be estimated, for example, by computing scores corresponding to different fractional chirp rates and selecting a highest score. A first pitch may be computed from a frequency representation that is computed using the estimated fractional chirp rate, for example, by using peak-to-peak distances in the frequency distribution. A second pitch may be computed using the first pitch, and a frequency representation of the signal, for example, by using correlations of portions of the frequency representation. Amplitudes of harmonics of the signal may be determined using the estimated fractional chirp rate and second pitch. Any of the estimated fractional chirp rate, second pitch, and harmonic amplitudes may be used for further processing, such as speech recognition, speaker verification, speaker identification, or signal reconstruction.

Abstract: Energy storage cell impedance testing devices, circuits, and related methods are disclosed. An energy storage cell impedance measuring device includes a sum of sinusoids (SOS) current excitation circuit including differential current sources configured to isolate a ground terminal of the differential current sources from a positive terminal and a negative terminal of an energy storage cell. A method includes applying an SOS signal comprising a sum of sinusoidal current signals to the energy storage cell with the SOS current excitation circuit, each of the sinusoidal current signals oscillating at a different one of a plurality of different frequencies. The method also includes measuring an electrical signal at a positive terminal and a negative terminal of the energy storage cell, and computing an impedance of the energy storage cell at each of the plurality of different frequencies using the measured electrical signal.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a receiver configured to receive signals based on an application of test signals to a device under test (DUT). The apparatus further includes a processor and a memory storing computer-executable instructions, that when executed by the processor, cause the processor to generate multiple display frames based on a frequency domain analysis of the received signals. Each display frame of the multiple display frames corresponds to a frequency band of the received signals.

Abstract: Methods and systems may provide for receiving a set of voltage samples corresponding to a line voltage of a leg in an electrical system and conducting a time domain analysis to identify one or more loads in the electrical system. Additionally, the time domain analysis may be used to identify one or more loads in the electrical system. In one example, conducting the time domain analysis involves classifying events with respect to cross correlation, shape magnitude, transient amplitude, transient duration, run delta and/or standard deviation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for enhancing modulation of certain speech sounds, such as trill sounds, are provided for radios which utilize digital vocoders. A digitized speech stream is sampled and the sampling is adjusted to determine, detect and enhance trill nulls in the digitized voice stream by one or more of: frame shifting the digitized speech input stream prior to vocoding, time expanding a digitized speech steam prior to vocoding, time compressing a digitized speech output stream after vocoding, and/or modulation enhancement and filtering of the a digitized speech output stream after vocoding.

Abstract: The present invention generally teaches systems and methods for creating appliance signatures based upon whole house composite load profiles. Methods may includes steps such as identifying primitive elements including transients and absolute steady state levels; clustering the primitive elements along multiple dimensions to form impulses; combining impulses to form simple bundles; combining simple bundles with each other or impulses to form complex bundles; and determining specific appliance signatures that substantially match the complex bundles. Methods may also include steps such as determining transitions within the whole house composite load profile; determining household specific appliance state machines for each appliance in the household; and disaggregating the whole house composite load profile into individual appliance energy loads by assigning the determined transitions to the determined household specific appliance state machines.

Abstract: Detecting electromagnetic waves derived from bacterial DNA, by extracting and purifying nucleic acids from a sample; diluting the extracted purified nucleic acids in an aqueous solvent; measuring a low frequency electromagnetic emission over time from the diluted extracted purified nucleic acids in an aqueous solvent; performing a signal analysis of the low frequency electromagnetic emission over time; and producing an output, based on the signal analysis, in dependence on the DNA in the sample. The DNA may be extracted from at least one of blood, feces, urine, saliva, tears, seminal fluid, sweat, seminal and vaginal fluids of a patient, or water to determine, e.g., potability. The samples may be frozen. The extracting and purifying may include diluting the sample with an aqueous buffer and mixing; degrading proteins in the diluted sample; precipitating DNA from the buffer solution; and resuspending the precipitated DNA in an aqueous solution.

Abstract: An input/output (I/O) module is configured to connect a controller and a field device. The I/O module includes a PWM (pulse width modulation) demodulator configured to demodulate a PWM signal that is input from the controller, a current source configured to output a current based on an output signal of the PWM demodulator to the field device, a resistance connected in line with the current source, and a feedback circuit configured to feed back an output current of the current source to the PWM demodulator via the controller.

Abstract: A method for detecting electromagnetic waves derived from bacterial DNA, including extracting and purifying nucleic acids from a sample; diluting the extracted purified nucleic acids in an aqueous solvent; measuring a low frequency electromagnetic emission over time from the diluted extracted purified nucleic acids in an aqueous solvent; performing a signal analysis of the low frequency electromagnetic emission over time; and producing an output, based on the signal analysis, in dependence on the DNA in the sample. The DNA may be extracted from at least one of blood, feces, urine, saliva, tears, seminal fluid, sweat, seminal and vaginal fluids of a patient, or water to determine, e.g., potability. The samples may be frozen. The extracting and purifying may include diluting the sample with an aqueous buffer and mixing; degrading proteins in the diluted sample; precipitating DNA from the buffer solution; and resuspending the precipitated DNA in an aqueous solution.

Abstract: A system and method for providing irrigation management services is disclosed. The system may include a plurality of controllers, where each controller controls application of water by an irrigation system associated with the controller. A central computer that is remote from each of the controllers may be configured to implement an irrigation management plan that is individualized to each location and based, at least in part, upon one or more characteristics of the location as determined by an on-site visit. The irrigation manager may guarantee that the system will provide a return on investment within a predefined period of time. The system may also detect faults in the irrigation systems using water usage data from the controllers and diagnose the faults. A technician may be notified and dispatched to repair the faults.

Abstract: Testing a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), where the test is carried out iteratively for a plurality of digital test signal values, includes: providing the digital test signal to a DAC under test and to a servo; providing, by the DAC under test to a summer, an analog test signal, including converting the digital test signal to the analog test signal; providing, by the summer to an observation latch, a summed signal, including summing the analog test signal and an analog offset signal, the analog offset signal received from a second DAC; providing, by the observation latch to the servo, a sample of the summed signal; providing, by the servo to the second DAC in dependence upon the sample and the digital test signal, a digital offset signal, where the second DAC converts the digital offset signal to the analog offset signal; and storing, as a digital observation, the digital offset signal.

Abstract: A method for detecting electromagnetic waves derived from bacterial DNA, comprising extracting and purifying nucleic acids from a sample; diluting the extracted purified nucleic acids in an aqueous solvent; measuring a low frequency electromagnetic emission over time from the diluted extracted purified nucleic acids in an aqueous solvent; performing a signal analysis of the low frequency electromagnetic emission over time; and producing an output, based on the signal analysis, in dependence on the DNA in the sample. The DNA may be extracted from at least one of blood, feces, urine, saliva, tears, seminal fluid, sweat, seminal and vaginal fluids of a patient, or water to determine, e.g., potability. The samples may be frozen. The extracting and purifying may comprise diluting the sample with an aqueous buffer and mixing; degrading proteins in the diluted sample; precipitating DNA from the buffer solution; and resuspending the precipitated DNA in an aqueous solution.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of detecting electric variables of a three-phase AC network having a first, a second and a third phase, including the steps of measuring a respective voltage value of the first, second and third phases in relation to a neutral conductor at a first moment in time, transforming the three voltage values of the first moment in time into polar co-ordinates with a voltage amplitude and a phase angle, repeating measurement and transformation for at least one further moment in time, and determining the currently prevailing frequency, voltage amplitude and/or phase angle of at least one of the phases from the voltage values transformed into polar co-ordinates.

Abstract: Systems and methods for an industrial I/O controller circuit for frequency input modules that measure the frequency of an electrical input signal using adaptive threshold voltage and/or adaptive hysteresis feedback are shown and described. The systems and methods provide advantages in that the I/O controller circuit can better distinguish between actual input pulses from the electrical input signal, as opposed to unwanted Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) induced input pulses. This maximizes the amount of EMI rejection, independent of the frequency of the moving machine, and results in less time to commission and adjust a sensor, fewer false frequency measurements and less system down time.

Abstract: An electromagnetic field measuring apparatus capable of measuring an electromagnetic field for a minuscule area in which electronic devices are densely packed with a high sensitivity is provided. In an electromagnetic field measuring apparatus according to the present invention, the amplitude level of signal light (pf) is adjusted by the analyzer (34) by adjusting its angle with respect to the plane of polarization of the signal light (pf) based on an amplitude level control signal (eb) supplied from the calculation control unit (40). An amplitude level control signal (eb) is supplied from the calculation control unit (40) to the analyzer (34) based on the spectrum (ea) of an electric signal (ed) measured by an RF spectrum analyzer (39). The amplitude level ration between the carrier and the sideband contained in the signal light (ph) incident on the optical receiver (38) is controlled to a fixed value.

Abstract: There is provided an electromagnetic wave signal processor configured to process an input pulse signal corresponding to an electromagnetic wave, comprising a signal processing unit including: a peak detecting circuit to detect peak values of each amplitude of the input pulse signal; an AD converter to convert the peak values into digital signals; a memory device comprising memory cells each having an address assigned in accordance with each of values capable of being taken by the digital signals of the peak values, and being able to have any one of a plurality of internal states representing detection frequencies of the peak values; and a writing circuit to change the internal state in the memory cell that has the address corresponding to the value of each digital signal converted by the AD converter, so as to increment the detection frequency represented by the internal state.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer-readable media for detecting signals are provided. A method comprises determining a time-frequency representation for a received signal and partitioning the time-frequency representation of the received signal into a plurality of time-frequency partitions. The method further comprises determining an energy (e.g., a spectral energy) for each of the plurality of time-frequency partitions and detecting one or more signals within the received signal based on the energy (e.g., the mean spectral energy distribution) of the time-frequency partitions. In some embodiments, multiple signals received simultaneously within an input signal may be detected in unknown noise conditions.

Abstract: The main object of the invention is to provide an electromagnetic wave resonator making use of surface waves: an electromagnetic wave resonator structure capable of being achieved with existing technologies yet without much difficulty and applying voltage to a positive dielectric area, thereby overcoming a variety of problems arising from the fact that only thermal excitation is available. The contact structure of negative dielectric/positive dielectric/negative dielectric necessary for this type of electromagnetic wave resonator is provided on the surface of the negative dielectric material 1 just as the coaxial structure of the positive dielectric thin film 3 extending in the Y-axis direction and the negative dielectric material 2 received therein is cut in the axial direction.

Abstract: A method of attenuating spikes in a complex signal comprises examining the complex signal to detect spikes therein and for each detected spike, generating an estimate inverse signal and applying the estimate inverse signal to the complex signal to attenuate the spike associated with the estimate inverse signal.

Abstract: A calibration device, capable of calibrating a gain of a radiometer, includes an actuator and a micro-electromechanical-system (MEMS) unit. The actuator receives a calibration signal outputted from a control unit. The MEMS unit is coupled to the actuator, in which the actuator enables the MEMS unit to shield an antenna of the radiometer according to the calibration signal, such that the radiometer generates an environmental signal according to an equivalent radiant temperature received from the MEMS unit, and the control unit calibrates the gain of the radiometer according to the environmental signal.

Abstract: A signal test apparatus for a serial attached Small Computer System Interface (SAS) device includes an SAS female connector to be connected to the SAS device, an SAS male connector to be connected to a server, first and second pairs of subminiature version A (SMA) connectors, and first and second groups of switches. When the first pair of SMA connectors is connected to an oscillograph to test a pair of output signals from the SAS device, the second group of switches are turned on and the first group of switches are turned off to communicate the SAS device with the server. When the second pair of SMA connector is connected to the oscillograph to test another pair of output signals from the SAS device, the first group of switches are turned on and the second group of switches are turned off to communicate the SAS device with the server.