Abstract: A tunable polarizer having a 90 degree phase shift section and two adjustable, or rotatable, 45 degree phase shift sections. Each section is separated by spacer to maintain independence and avoid interaction. When the two 45 degree phase shift sections and are orthogonal to each other, the polarization detected is determined by the 90 degree phase shift section which provides compatibility with circularly polarized signal. When the two 45 degree phase shift sections and are aligned, the polarizer is in a linear polarization compatibility mode.

Abstract: Disclosed is a common aperture dual polarization antenna array (30). This common aperture dual polarization antenna array (30) includes an antenna aperture (36) and a plurality of centered slot arrays (32) positioned within the antenna aperture (36). A plurality of notch dipole arrays (34) are positioned within the antenna aperture (36) and positioned substantially orthogonal to the plurality of centered slot arrays (32). A first feed guide (46) is coupled to the plurality of centered slot arrays (32) and a second feed guide (56) is coupled to the plurality of notch dipole arrays (34).

Abstract: The invention relates to an antenna source transmitting and receiving polarized microwaves, the source including a transducer for separating the transmission signals from the reception signals, the frequencies of the transmission signals being different from the frequencies of the reception signals. The connection between the transducer and the radiating element of the antenna is such that it maintains the polarization states of the signal received by the radiating element and of the signal transmitted to said radiating element. The transducer comprises a square-section waveguide, one end of which is connected to the radiating element, the other end being connected to the transmission path, the received signals being conveyed by the side faces of the waveguide. This source makes it possible to transmit and to receive in the enlarged C band, i.e. 3.4 GHz to 4.2 GHz on reception, and 5.85 GHz to 6.65 GHz on transmission.

Abstract: A device includes a waveguide for the transmission/reception of microwave signals. The waveguide is coupled to a microstrip reception circuit as well as to a microstrip transmission circuit. The waveguide includes a filter arrangement which attenuates the microwave signals transmitted from the transmission circuit in order to prevent undesirable interference to the reception circuit.

Abstract: A waveguide antenna has two orthogonal feeds from coaxial conductors into a round or square waveguide sections. The feeds are coupled into the waveguide section by first and second coupling devices arranged orthogonally about the main axis of the antenna.

Abstract: A device for receiving and/or transmitting an electromagnetic oscillation is described utilizing an antenna element and at least two wave-guiding assemblies which are each connected to a connection point of the antenna element via a respective supply device, and which are otherwise mutually insulated with respect to the electromagnetic oscillation. Each assembly comprise a conductor part which is coupled to the associated supply device in each of the wave-guiding assemblies for the transmission of the electromagnetic oscillation. The wave-guiding assemblies are designed for receiving and/or transmitting the electromagnetic oscillation via the supply device, and the conductor parts are constructed for receiving and/or radiating the electromagnetic oscillation in a manner comparable to the manner in which the antenna element operates. This device has a plurality of antennas without an appreciable increase in expenditure compared with a similar device having a single antenna element.

Abstract: A polarizer for two different frequency bands for exciting an antenna with a parabolic reflector has a waveguide section capable of carrying in each frequency band two mutually perpendicularly linearly polarized waves. For each frequency band, there are connected to the waveguide section, separate from each other and mutually offset in the axial direction of the waveguide section, two waveguides having a rectangular cross-section. For the lower frequency band, for each polarization direction, a respective waveguide is connected directly to the waveguide section. For the higher frequency band, starting at a connecting point, each of the two waveguides is subdivided into two waveguide branches with identical rectangular cross-sections, with the branches terminating at two opposing locations of the waveguide section. The locations, where the branches for the two different polarization directions terminate on the waveguide section, are circumferentially offset relative to each other by 90.degree..

Abstract: A waveguide antenna assembly includes a feedhorn having a cavity coupled to a waveguide polarizer. The waveguide polarizer includes a single aperture waveguide, septum-loaded waveguide, and a dual aperture waveguide coupled inline. The septum-loaded waveguide includes an internal septum and is formed from at least one internal wall having a varying thickness. The length of the circular feedhorn and the diameter of the feedhorn cavity can be adjusted with the length of the single aperture waveguide to maximize signal isolation between the orthogonal signal ports.

Abstract: A multiple beam antenna system including a reflector that is at least partially parabolic in one dimension, a pair of dielectric lenses, and a pair of waveguides. Multiple received beams are received and reflected by the reflector into an orthogonal mode junction which separates signals of a first polarity from signals of a second orthogonal polarity. The signals of the first polarity are forwarded into a first waveguide and the orthogonal signals of the second polarity are forwarded into a second parallel waveguide. A plurality of satellites may be accessed simultaneously thus allowing the user to utilize both signals at the same time. In certain embodiments, each of the dielectric lenses may be of the bifocal type.

Abstract: A microwave microscope for measuring electrical characteristics of a sample, such as a semiconductor wafer, with fine resolution. A probe includes a microwave waveguide capable of supporting the two lowest orthogonal modes from a microwave source, e.g. of millimeter radiation. The probe tip includes a thin conductive wall formed at the probe end of the probe. Two perpendicularly arranged slits, that is cross slits, are formed in the conductive wall, each slit having a length nearly resonant with the microwave radiation and a width substantially smaller, e.g. of the order of 100 .mu.m, and of a size such that the radiation of the proper polarization nearly transparently passes through that slit. The sample to be tested is placed in the near field of the probe tip and scanned relative to the probe. Probing microwave radiation having the polarization which passes through one slit is launched in the waveguide. A non-rotated polarization component is reflected back from the sample through the same slit.

Abstract: An antenna having one-way circular polarization is of the type comprising a radiating element associated with a frequency filter. It comprises a polarization-selective device disposed at the transition between the frequency filter and polarizer means adapted to cause the wave to be circularly polarized. This multimode selective device is adapted 1) to enable the initial go mode to propagate, 2) in transmission, to pass one of the return modes induced by the polarizer means, and 3) to reflect the other return mode. At the polarizer, the wave made up of the initial mode and of the reflected return modes reinforces the circular polarization of the initial mode. Such an antenna can be made as a single piece of size and weight that are smaller than those of known antennas having one-way circular polarization.

Abstract: A broad band waveguide polarizer having four axial ridges, one on each wall of the waveguide, is disclosed. The axial ridges are configured to provide different phase velocities for the orthogonal signal components of a linearly polarized input signal. The dimensions of the ridges are selected such that the net phase difference between the signal components is about 90 degrees at a predetermined signal frequency. The quad ridge polarizer may be manufactured as an integral die cast device.

Abstract: A dual band omni directional antenna is disclosed. A dielectric cylinder supports a cone shaped reflector over a corrugated radio frequency horn. Orthogonal mode transducers produce and conduct circularly polarized radio frequency waves within the horn. The reflector, the horn, and the transducers are all coaxially disposed. The antenna produces a torodial radiation pattern in a plane that is substantially orthogonal to the axis of the antenna. Transmit and receive functions may be performed simultaneously using a single reflector and two orthogonal mode transducers.

Abstract: A feed device for a radiating element operating in dual polarization, for use especially in the field of space transmission, comprises a first feed line penetrating into a first cavity located beneath said radiating element, and a second feed line disposed in a configuration orthogonal to the first line and penetrating into a second cavity located in line with the first, a conductive part forming a coupling slot between the two cavities.

Abstract: A device is provided for fastening an excitation element (2) in a metal waveguide (3) of an antenna (1) and for electrically connecting the same to a coaxial line (4) arranged outside the waveguide (3), and which is cost effective and in which low power losses occur. The device comprises a basic member (6), which seals an opening in the waveguide (3), has a bore (6.1), and a metal hollow cylinder (9), through which an inner conductor of the coaxial line (9) is guided, which hollow cylinder has a first section (9.1) plugged into the first bore (6.1), and which has a second section (9.2), over which an end region (10) of an outer conductor of the coaxial line (4) is pushed. A first end (2.1) of the excitation element (2) is fastened on one end (12) of the inner conductor.

Abstract: An ortho-mode transducer is disclosed having a common waveguide and two orthogonal port waveguides, each of which is also orthogonal to the common waveguide. Each port waveguide is coupled to the common waveguide with a coupling aperture which will pass signals having a particular polarity and cut off orthogonally polarized signals. The common waveguide is terminated in a shorting plane about one-quarter of the excepted signal wavelength from the vertical midpoint of the port waveguides. The short directs energy from the common waveguide into the port waveguides and directs energy from the port waveguides into the common waveguide.

Abstract: Provided coaxially inside a first waveguide is a second waveguide, so as to form a coaxial waveguide. The first waveguide for the passage of a low-frequency band signal (f.sub.L signal) functions as the outer conductor of the coaxial waveguide while the second waveguide for the passage of a high-frequency band signal (f.sub.H signal) serves as the center conductor of the coaxial waveguide. Feeders for f.sub.L are provided so that they penetrate through the wall of the first waveguide. Feeders for f.sub.H are provided so that they penetrate through both the first and the second waveguide walls. The distance between the first f.sub.L feeder and the first f.sub.H feeder and the distance between the second f.sub.L feeder and the second f.sub.H feeder are set at approximately one quarter of the wavelength of the f.sub.L signal. The distance between the first f.sub.H feeder and a reflector surface is also set at about one quarter of the wavelength.

Abstract: An antenna feed system provides reception of both circularly polarized signals and linearly polarized signals. An antenna is employed which is dual-circularly polarized and circularly polarized signals received thereby are separated into right and left hand components which are placed in phase quadrature relationship by means of a 90 degree hybrid coupler. Signals received by the antenna which have dual-orthogonal linear polarization are also separated into left and right hand components in quadrature relationship by means of a 90 degree hybrid coupler. A programmable phase shifter is utilized to set the orientation of the linearly polarized reception vector. A fixed delay line and an attenuator are provided for use in balancing the amplitude and phase of the right and left hand components of the linearly polarized signals.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided a satellite broadcast receiving converter which comprises a waveguide in which the broadcast wave travelling therein travels as a first TE11 mode linearly polarized wave and as a second TE mode linearly polarized wave intersecting at a right angle with each other, a first probe disposed at a predetermined position within this waveguide for detecting the first linearly polarized wave, a first reflecting conductor disposed approximately 1/4 of the wavelength separate from the first probe in the direction in which the electric wave travels for reflecting the first linearly polarized wave, a second probe disposed in the neighborhood of the first reflecting conductor for detecting the second linearly polarized wave, and a second reflecting conductor disposed approximately 1/4 of the wavelength from the second probe in the direction in which the electric wave travels for reflecting the second linearly polarized wave.

Abstract: An ortho mode transducer (OMT)/multiplexer assembly having a corrugated junction and a coaxial dual mode waveguide resonator disposed around a central cylindrical waveguide. The corrugated junction diplexes signals, the higher frequencies passing through the central cylindrical waveguide and the lower frequencies passing through the coaxial dual mode resonator. Apertures in the dual mode resonator couple to an exit port and extract a first polarization from the lower frequencies passing through the dual mode resonator. The assembly may include a second aperture in the dual mode resonator for extracting a second polarization in a manner similar to the operation of the first aperture.

Abstract: A wireless communication system that utilizes a circularly polarized transmitting antenna with dual orthogonal circularly polarized receiving antenna. According to some embodiments, the present invention provides a wireless communication system that includes a first transmitting antenna capable of transmitting first signals having a first type of circular polarization. The transmitting antenna is located at a first location. The system also includes a first receiving antenna capable of receiving second signals having a second type of circular polarization, where the second type of circular polarization is orthogonal to the first type of circular polarization. The system further includes a second receiving antenna capable of receiving third signals having the first type of circular polarization, and the first receiving antenna and the second receiving antenna are both located at a second location.

Abstract: A dual mode horn reflector antenna for providing an antenna pattern having symmetrical beamwidths over a bandwidth of approximately 40%. An input TE.sub.10 rectangular mode signal is provided to the dual mode horn reflector antenna which generates a first TE.sub.11 circular mode signal from the input TE.sub.10 rectangular mode signal. A first TE.sub.10 square mode signal and a first TE.sub.01 square mode signal are generated from the first TE.sub.11 circular mode signal. The first TE.sub.10 square mode signal and the first TE.sub.01 square mode signal are combined generate a resultant signal. The resultant signal is incident upon a reflecting structure which generates an antenna pattern having approximately equivalent beamwidths in perpendicular planes, and reduced sidelobes.

Abstract: A waveguide includes a waveguide body, a twist plate, and a first and second probes. The waveguide body defines a waveguide cavity therein wherein the waveguide cavity has an aperture at a first end thereof, and wherein the waveguide cavity has a waveguide axis therethrough extending from the first end to a second end. The twist plate is in the waveguide cavity at the second end of the waveguide cavity wherein the twist plate is parallel to the waveguide axis, wherein the twist plate includes a leading edge facing the aperture, and wherein the leading edge includes first and second portions with the second portion being more distant from the aperture than the first portion. The first probe is in the waveguide cavity between the aperture and the leading edge of the twist plate for receiving a first signal having a first polarization entering the aperture.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for allowing two high frequency signals from two separate sources to be combined for simultaneous propagation through a common propagation medium such as an antenna or transmission line, while maintaining isolation between the signals at the inputs of the sources and preventing unwanted interference and resulting distortion. The apparatus includes an orthogonal mode converger which receives two combined electromagnetic energy waves having orthogonally disposed electric field vectors and incrementally converges them to the same direction through a varying cross-section waveguide structure.

Abstract: A dielectric ceramic substrate or block contains, at least, two kinds of metal ions, and a dielectric constant in the substrate or block changes continuously or step by step as a function of position. The metal ions contained in the dielectric ceramic material are, at least, two kinds which are selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Pb, Bi, Y, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Gd, Er, Ti, Zr, Sn, Si and Mn, and the dielectric constant .di-elect cons. changes in the range of 7.ltoreq..di-elect cons..ltoreq.90. This dielectric ceramic material is used in a dielectric substrate for a stripline device, a dielectric substrate for a monolithic IC and a dielectric block for a polarizer. For example, the dielectric substrate for a stripline device, it is so formed that a dielectric constant at its center portion is constant, and becomes smaller step by step or continuously toward its ends.

Abstract: A linear-circular polarizer used for the transmission in the microwave band, which provides excellent impedance characteristics and stabilized cross polarization characteristics by having 1/4 wavelength phase plates and the inner surface of a circular waveguide made in one-piece for the purpose of cost and production step reduction. The linear-circular polarizer includes a pair of 1/4 wavelength phase plates of a specified width and height formed opposite to each other and symmetric with respect to the waveguides central axis. The 1/4 wavelength phase plates are formed on the inner surface of a circular waveguide at a closed end opposite to an end where a primary radiator is located.

Abstract: An arrangement is provided for generating and transmitting microwaves, in particular for a filling level measuring device, which arrangement generates a microwave mode which has a radiation characteristic with a pronounced forward lobe and which arrangement can be used in a large frequency range. It comprises a microwave generator (1), an antenna (2) of circular cross section and a coaxial line (3), which leads from the microwave generator (1) to the antenna (2) and has an inner conductor (31) and an outer conductor (32), and has the feature that on a rear wall (21) of the antenna (2) there is arranged a transmitting wire (5), which runs in the interior of the antenna (2), the first end (51) of which is connected to the inner conductor (31) of the coaxial conductor (3), the second end (52) of which is connected to the rear wall (21) of the antenna (2) and which has a straight portion (53) and legs (54, 55) adjoining the latter.

Abstract: Input is applied to a two-partition circuit that substantially equally distributes input power into two partitions having a phase difference of 90.degree., and the thus-distributed output is applied to a first driver that generates circularly polarized wave. The two outputs of the second driver, in which the circularly polarized waves generated from the first driver are coupled, are combined in a combining circuit. The end portion of the opening of the sealed case incorporating the first driver fits together with the end portion of the opening of the sealed case incorporating the second driver such that the two sealed cases together with the first and second drivers may rotate relative to each other around their cylindrical axis. The phase difference between the input of the two-partition circuit and the output of the combining circuit changes according to the relative angle of rotation around the cylindrical axis between first and second drivers.

Abstract: A circularly polarized wave-linearly polarized wave transducer using a waveguide characterized by expanding the inner wall of the section vertical to the tube axis of the waveguide in a taper form having a gradient in the axial direction of the tube. The taper gradient in the axial direction of the tube is different at plural parts in the circumferential direction of the inner wall, thereby producing a difference in the propagation constant of two modes orthogonal at a microwave frequency. The taper gradient and overall length of the waveguide are determined so that the phase difference of the two modes is .pi./4 at each end of the waveguide. The circularly polarized wave-linearly polarized wave transducer can be realized in a simple construction in which the core of a die in the die-casting process can be drawn out in only one direction.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave transmitting and transferring device with high polarization isolation performance is provided which comprises a circular waveguide and a rectangular waveguide. The circular waveguide has a hollow configuration which has an opening at a front end portion and a closed surface at the rear end. The opening of the circular waveguide is provided with a horn. The circular waveguide is provided with a polarizer, a first probe, a metallic post and a closed end surface serving as a conductive back surface, wherein the first probe is perpendicular to the metallic post and each of them are inclined with respect to the polarizer by 45 degrees. The rectangular waveguide is perpendicular to the circular waveguide and the central axis of the rectangular waveguide is in alignment with the first probe. The rectangular waveguide is provided with a second probe and a conductive back surface serving as closed end surface.

Abstract: An outdoor satellite broadcast receiving converter including a waveguide into which a broadcast electric wave enters and in which the broadcast electric wave travels in an axial direction as a first linearly polarized wave and a second linearly polarized wave. A first probe is disposed at a predetermined position and extends perpendicular to the axial direction into the waveguide for detecting the first linearly polarized wave. A substrate is disposed in the waveguide approximately 1/4 wavelength from the first probe and arranged to extend across an open end of the waveguide. A first shorting terminal for reflecting the first linearly polarized wave is formed on a first side of the substrate, and a second probe for detecting the second linearly polarized wave is formed on an opposing second side of the substrate. A metallic case is connected over the open end of the waveguide such that the substrate is positioned between a closed bottom of the metallic case and the first probe.

Abstract: A mode transformer for a waveguide and microstrip lines capable of obtaining sufficient cross polarization isolation and a receiving converter comprising the same is provided. Transformers of horizontal and vertical polarized waves comprise orthogonal first and second microstrip lines and a circular waveguide. By placing a metal bar connected to the waveguide between the first and second microstrip lines, the metal bar has the ground potential which is the same as the potential of the circular input waveguide and the electric fields excited in the first and second microstrip lines have a polarity that move toward the direction of the metal bar, so that electric field coupling of the first and second microstrip lines may be avoided.

Abstract: A description follows of a circuit arrangement for selectively processing a first or a second high-frequency signal, which guarantees a proper broadband separation of the high-frequency signals comprisinga first inserting device for inserting the first high-frequency signal from a common waveguide arrangement into a first signal processing branch, a second inserting device for inserting the second high-frequency signal from the common waveguide arrangement into a second signal processing branch, a switchable high-frequency amplifying arrangement in each signal processing branch for selectively switching and amplifying, and blocking respectively, the associated inserted high-frequency signal, anda transmission arrangement in each signal processing branch for transmitting the associated high-frequency signal from the first or second respectively, inserting device to the associated, switchable high-frequency amplifying arrangement, in which each of the transmission arrangements comprises a high-frequency preampl

Abstract: A circular-linear polarizer includes a waveguide and a one quarter wave length plate which is installed on the inside wall of the waveguide. The surfaces of the waveguide and the one-quarter wave length plate forming the junction between them are flat. Alternatively, the one quarter wave length plate has a mounting surface for mounting on the inside wall of the waveguide. The mounting surface has a circular cross section which is complementary to the circular inside cross section of the waveguide. The junction provides improved electrical contact between the waveguide and the one-quarter wavelength plate. In addition, the cross polarization and axial ratio of the waveguide are improved while maintaining good impedance characteristics.

Abstract: A microwave polarizer particularly in a system for coupling energy between a waveguide and a transmission line. The polarizer reduces cross polarization by means of the probes being adjusted to an input impedance of less than 50 ohms, in particular to 20 ohms, by reducing the penetration depth of the probes. The smaller penetration depth also increases the distance between the two probes, which reduces cross polarization.

Abstract: On a terminal end plane of a circular waveguide, metal columnar blocks and a cross shaped branching transforming unit for branching two orthogonal linear polarized waves and transforming from circular TE.sub.11 mode to rectangular TE.sub.10 mode are disposed, and two rectangular waveguides are composed so as to form an angle of 45 degrees to the vertical axis and horizontal axis, that is, symmetrically to the axial center of the circular waveguide, in an electric field direction of the first linear polarized wave and an electric field direction of the second linear polarized wave. In this constitution, the orthogonal polarized wave branching filter of the microwave band for satellite communications can be reduced in size, and moreover the principal components can be formed integrally by an injection molding process.

Abstract: An antenna/amplifier includes a waveguide and an amplifier system. The amplifier and signal lines which terminate in orthogonal probes are carried on a common substrate. The orthogonal probes are spaced from a waveguide wall and isolated for good cross polarization by a post which extends from the wall. The probes have probe tips which are spaced from the post by a probe space. Parameters which include the probe space, the impedance of the signal lines and the length of the signal lines can be selected to present an optimum impedance to low-noise amplifiers of the amplifier system.

Abstract: A linear-circular polarizer used for the transmission in the microwave band, which provides excellent impedance characteristics and stabilized cross polarization characteristics by having 1/4 wavelength phase plates and the inner surface of a circular waveguide made in one-piece for the purpose of cost and production step reduction. The linear-circular polarizer includes a pair of 1/4 wavelength phase plates of a specified width and height formed opposite to each other and symmetric with respect to the waveguides central axis. The 1/4 wavelength phase plates are formed on the inner surface of a circular waveguide at a closed end opposite to an end where a primary radiator is located.

Abstract: A scanning folded lens antenna system for scanning reception and/or transmission of electromagnetic radiation and method of scanning receiving and/or transmitting electromagnetic energy. The folded lens has a first cylindrical parallel plate waveguide, a second cylindrical parallel plate waveguide, a waveguide coupler operatively associated with the first and second waveguides to communicate a signal therebetween so as to transform a cylindrical signal from the first waveguide to a substantially planar phase signal in the second waveguide, and a plurality of coupling device operatively associated with first waveguide for coupling a signal between the first waveguide and the coupling device.

Abstract: A dual polarisation waveguide probe system for use with a satellite dish (10) for receiving satellite signals orthogonally polarised in the same frequency band and for providing improved isolation between these polarised satellite signals is disclosed. The probe system has a waveguide (28) incorporated in a low-noise block receiver (12) into which two probes (34, 38) are located for receiving linearly polarised energy of both orthogonal senses. The probes (34, 38) are located in the same longitudinal plane on opposite sides of a single cylindrical bar reflector (36) which reflects one sense of polarisation and passes the orthogonal signal with minimal insertion loss, and then reflects the rotated orthogonal signal. The probes (34, 38) are spaced .lambda./4 from the reflector (36). A reflection rotator (44) is also formed using a thin plate which is orientated at 45.degree. to the incident linear polarisation with a short circuit (46) spaced approximately a quarter wavelength (.lambda.

Abstract: An elliptic beam antenna easy to design and simple in structure. To generate elliptic beams of about the same size regardless of the kind of polarized waves for excitation, a horn antenna or waveguide structure intended for radiating out radio waves into space features the provision of diamond aperture, modified from the conventional circular, elliptical, square or rectangular one and excitation of radio waves in diagonal directions.

Abstract: An apparatus for coupling a receiver and a transmitter to a single antenna via a feedhorn so as to allow for the simultaneous transmission and reception of signals. The apparatus is an integrally formed single unit which includes a polarizer, a circular waveguide section, a transmitter waveguide section, and a receiver waveguide section. The polarizer has a first, second and third port and is operative to separate and combine a first and second signal which are orthogonally polarized. The circular waveguide section has a first port formed integral with the first port of the polarizer and a second port for coupling to the antenna via a feedhorn. The circular waveguide section is operative for transmitting or receiving the first and second signals. The transmitter waveguide section has a first port formed integral with the second port of the polarizer, and a second port for coupling to the transmitter.

Abstract: A system (12) operative with at least one electromagnetic wave to produce a circularly polarized wave includes a plurality of polarizer sections (56) disposed along a direction of propagation of one electromagnetic wave. The polarizer sections have opposed rows of phase shifting elements, in the form of rods (76), which are adjusted to provide a match to the orthogonal components of the wave. Penetration and spacing of phase shifting elements within each of the polarizing sections attains a match to the two orthogonal components of the wave and a differential phase shift between the two orthogonal components slightly in excess of a desired 90 degree orthogonal phase relationship. Upon a differential counter rotation between a first and a second of the polarizer sections, the total phase shift introduced by the polarizer sections is reduced to 90 degrees without significant shift in the match of the two orthogonal components.

Abstract: A branching filter for a transmitter-receiver which is used in a microwave band comprising an orthogonal-mode transducer (waveguide branching filter), a reception filter comprising a band-eliminating filter 4 which is connected to the extension of the center axis of the waveguide of the orthogonal-mode transducer, and a transmission filter comprising a high pass filter containing a cut off waveguide which is directly and orthogonally connected to the orthogonal-mode transducer. The parts of the branching filter for the transmitter-receiver are integrally manufactured as one body by a lost wax process. Therefore, the branching filter for the transmitter-receiver can be manufactured as a compact-size single body having no patch or linking portion.

Abstract: Electronically adaptable polarization antenna feed apparatus for receiving any sense of linear polarization or for receiving either sense of circular polarization. The circuit makes use of variable gain amplifiers and/or variable attenuators in each of two orthogonally polarized paths. The signal to noise ratio of a desired polarization sense is maximized by adjusting the amplitude or gain in each path to a desired ratio. If desired, polarization components from the two probes may be combined so that orthogonal polarization senses from two frequency reuse signals be used simultaneously. The apparatus may be used with linearly polarized signals and with circularly polarized signals.

Abstract: A phased array antenna (10A, 10B, 10C) is constructed of an array of radiators (24), each of which has a radiating aperture, a first port (26) and a second port (26). The first port introduces a first radiation with a first polarization, and the second port introduces a second radiation with a second polarization which is orthogonal to the first polarization. Individual transmitting amplifiers, in the case of a transmitting array, or individual receiving amplifiers (16A), in the case of a receiving array, are connected to the ports of each of the radiators. The amplifiers associated with the first ports of the respective radiators are connected, in turn, to phase shifters (18A) and attenuators (20A) which constitute a first beamformer for forming a set of one or more beams of radiation.

Abstract: A microstrip patch antenna with radiation polarization that can be magnetically varied via the application of the in-plane magnetic field. The antenna comprises a retangular metallic patch which is deposited on a ferrite film, which itself has been deposisted on a dielectric substrate. The patch is fed via an SMA connector which is grounded to the back of the substrate. The center pin of the connector passes through a hole drilled in the substrate. The patch radiates first and second perpendicular polarizations. The first polarization is broadband in frequency, and does not tune with an applied magnetic field. The second polarization is narrowband in frequency, and its center frequency increases as an in-plane bias field is applied. As bias is applied, the narrowband radiation tunes across the frequency bandwidth of the more broadband, perpendicularly polarized radiation. The phase relationship between the two polarizations is thus changed at frequencies at which power is radiated by both polarizations.

Abstract: The input probe of an LNB for commonly receiving clockwise and counterclockwise circularly polarized waves includes a rectangular microstrip patch, with the length of one edge of it being .lambda..sub.g /4, which is installed at the center of an annular strip shaped ground pattern, with a feed horn being disposed at the side opposite to a substrate. Four input probes are installed adjacently to the respective edges of the rectangular microstrip patch. The two pair of the input probes which are installed adjacently to the respective edges of the rectangular microstrip patch are respectively commonly connected to first and second feed lines. With this arrangement, the length of one input probe relative to that of the other one shows a difference of .lambda..sub.g /4.

Abstract: This invention is a multiple channel microwave polarization rotator with external rotary mechanical energy coupling. It finds application in microwave polarization rotators, resolvers, amplitude modulators, and other devices. The device consists of a plurality of collinear axially spaced waveguide cavities sequentially located inside one another. A rotatable conductor, capable of continuous rotation, located within each waveguide cavity is electrically coupled to a stationary transmission line and mechanically connected to rotational devices outside of the transmission line system. The rotatable conductors are connected by nonconductive drive means enabling successive coupling probes to rotate determining the polarization of electromagnetic waves by the rotational position of the coupling probes within the waveguides. The electrical and mechanical couplings are completely independent.

Abstract: Signal propagation apparatus is formed with a waveguide cavity for propagating first and second electromagnetic signals respectively having first and second electric fields that are distinguished outside the cavity by first and second polarizations, for example orthogonal polarizations, one vertical and one horizontal. Within the cavity, the electric field lines are curved and cross one another at angles that vary as a function of location within the cavity. A pair of probes are mounted within the cavity in spaced-apart relation to each other and have orientations that differ from the orientations of the electric fields outside the cavity. In order to send or transmit signals having electric fields that are respectively vertically and horizontally polarized, for example, thereby forming an angle of 90.degree. with respect to each other, the probes lie in planes forming a dihedral angle of about 80.degree..