Abstract: The present invention relates to a pilot tone generating method and apparatus of an orthogonal frequency division multiple access system and method, and a channel estimation method and apparatus using the same. The channel estimation apparatus includes a pilot tone extracting unit for extracting a pilot tone, which is inserted within a frame with data tone, masked with an orthogonal code; a pilot tone unmasking unit for unmasking of the pilot tone extracted from the pilot tone extracting unit by using an orthogonal code information; and a channel estimation operating unit for estimating a channel by calculating an average of the pilot tones which is unmasked in the unmasking unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pilot tone generating method and apparatus of an orthogonal frequency division multiple access system and method, and a channel estimation method and apparatus using the same. The channel estimation apparatus includes a pilot tone extracting unit for extracting a pilot tone, which is inserted within a frame with data tone, masked with an orthogonal code; a pilot tone unmasking unit for unmasking of the pilot tone extracted from the pilot tone extracting unit by using an orthogonal code information; and a channel estimation operating unit for estimating a channel by calculating an average of the pilot tones which is unmasked in the unmasking unit.

Abstract: An apparatus for diagnosing a brake light malfunction includes a primary abnormality signal output unit to output a primary brake light abnormality signal using primary state information of a vehicle, a secondary brake light abnormality signal output unit to output a secondary abnormality signal using secondary state information of the vehicle. An abnormality signal verifier outputs a third brake light abnormality signal when receiving the primary and secondary abnormality signals, and outputs a fourth brake light abnormality signal using the third abnormality signal and an abnormality signal of an engine control system of the vehicle. A final abnormality determiner changes into a malfunction state mode from a normal state mode when receiving the fourth abnormality signal, and determines whether the brake light is in a final abnormal state, depending on whether an operation time of the malfunction state mode exceeds a predetermined longest malfunction-sensing time.

Abstract: A circuit that reduces the effect of noise in a receiver that includes a plurality of filters and a plurality of samplers. The plurality of filters are configured discreetly filter a digital signal to form a plurality of filtered signals. The plurality of samplers are configured to sample the plurality of filtered signals.

Abstract: A power control system method for controlling the downlink (DL) transmit power from a base station (BS) to a mobile station (MS) in a cellular telecommunications network. A power balancing value &Dgr;P is divided into a number of smaller correction implements which are distributed over a plurality of spaced apart slots for DL power control. For example, if it is desired to correct DL transmit power by six dB, a total of six different correction values of one dB each may be implemented with adjacent ones of the correction values being spaced apart by a number of slots. The distribution or spreading of DL transmit power corrections over a period of time results in a plurality of smaller corrections as opposed to one or a few large corrections, thereby reducing potential adverse effects on the inner loop power control of the network.

Abstract: A communication circuit is designed with a processing circuit (11) coupled to receive a plurality of first control signals (402, 408) from a source external to the communication circuit. The processing circuit produces a second control signal (432, 434) and a second power control (422, 436) signal during each of a plurality of predetermined time periods. The second power control signal is determined by a corresponding first control signal from said plurality of first control signals. The second power control signal is produced proximate the second control signal. A serial circuit is coupled to receive the second control signal and the second power control signal during a respective predetermined time period. The serial circuit produces the second control signal proximate the second power control signal.