Abstract: Improved methods and apparatus for monitoring the delivery of radio frequency (RF) energy from electrodes disposed in tissue for inducing hyperthermia and other purposes. In one form, an impedance display of a power supply comprises an array of discrete light elements, where the number of light elements illuminated increases in response to a percentage increase in calculated impedance. The array of light elements is typically arranged in a non-linear pattern where a left hand portion of the array extends horizontally while a right hand portion extends upwardly. The display allows an operator to visually monitor abrupt increases in impedance between an RF instrument and a target tissue. Such increases are used to determine acceptable power ranges to achieve a maximum sustainable delivery of radio frequency energy to the tissue consistent with complete, rapid, and uniform heating of the tissue.

Abstract: An apparatus for monitoring the tumescent state of the penis of a patient includes a plurality of sensing elements to be placed in proximity to the penis for sensing penile impedance values. A processing device is operably coupled to the plurality of sensing elements, the processing device determining at least one penile variable using the impedance values. The at least one penile variable is selected from the group consisting of length, volume, volume-change, cross-sectional area and volume-filling rate variables. An output device operably coupled with the processing device to generate a display using the at least one determined penile variable. The output device displays e.g. a plot of penile length, penile volume values and/or penile cross-sectional area values for comparison by a user of the apparatus, readily allowing the user to distinguish artifactual effects from erectile events.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for analyzing the performance of a testing device for analyzing biochemical samples or human bodily fluids which operates over at least two ranges. The method of the present invention comprises obtaining a first set of test results relating to the biochemical samples from the testing device over at least two ranges, and calculating from the first set of test results an individual range mean for each of the at least two ranges. The method also includes obtaining a second set of test results relating to the biochemical samples from a group of testing devices that operate over the at least two ranges, calculating from the second set of test results a group range mean and a group range standard deviation for each of the at least two ranges, and calculating standard deviation indexes for the testing device from the individual range means, the group range means and the group range standard deviations.

Abstract: A medical image forming method including, the steps of superposing a three-primary-color thermal transfer sheet and an image receiving sheet, the thermal transfer sheet having a base film and three color dye layers of yellow, magenta, and cyan, each of the dye layer; being composed of a dye and a binder, the image receiving sheet having a dye accepting layer heating the rear surface of the thermal transfer sheet with a heating device in an image shape; and driving and controlling the heating device with a control unit so as to form a full color image on the image receiving sheet. The control unit is adapted to compensate tones of the image so that chromaticity values thereof formed on the image receiving sheet are in a region defined by four points of (a*=0, b*=0), (a*=20, b*=-5), (a*=18, b*=15), and (a*=0, b*=15) when an achromatic color signal is input and L*=80.

Abstract: A medical monitor is constructed to be coupled to a printer module for providing medical information signals to the printer module to be printed. The printer module is constructed to be used with two paper trays for accommodating two sizes of paper and includes a switch for sensing which paper tray is inserted in the printer module. The printer module is responsive to the switch to request that the medical information signals be provided in either the first or the second format. The printer module includes a thermal array printing head and is responsive to the medical information signals provided in the first format to print using substantially all of the length of the thermal array printing head and is responsive to the medical information signals provided in the second format to print using a predetermined portion of the thermal array printing head.

Abstract: A chart recorder (10) is disclosed having an automatic paper loading system, an automatic tensioning system and an "odometer" system for determining the amount of paper moved through the chart recorder. The chart recorder (10) includes a print roller (34) and a feed roller (22), both in frictional contact with the paper in the recorder and both connected to and rotated by a motor. The feed roller (22) is connected to the motor through a one way clutch that allows the feed roller (22) to "free wheel" when the feed roller (22) is rotated at a faster rate, due to frictional contact with the paper, than the roller would be rotated by the motor (56). Dissipative forces in the one way clutch (68) and bearings (24) of the feed roller (22) cause it to resist being rotated which imparts tension to the paper and draws it into contact with a paper guide (14).

Abstract: A DNA sequence transcribing method involves labeling a DNA fragment with a fluorescent substance, subjecting the labeled fragments to electrophoresis, exposing a gel containing the DNA fragment to light during electrophoresis, and detecting fluorescence generated upon exposure. An image corresponding to a fluorescent image on the gel is transcribed on a recording medium by entering a detecting signal in synchronization with operation of detecting fluorescence on the gel containing the DNA fragment after electrophoresis. This arrangement enables a crude fluorescent image on the gel containing the DNA fragment to be recorded as an intact image of the DNA sequencing on the basis of the fluorescent method, and the image can be retained.

Abstract: A medical image reproducing system comprises a plurality of medical image signal feeding apparatuses, which feed out image signals representing medical images, and a single image reproducing and recording apparatus, which is connected to the plurality of the medical image signal feeding apparatuses, and which reproduces an image from each of the image signals fed out from the medical image signal feeding apparatuses and records the image. Each medical image signal feeding apparatus is provided with a device for generating an identification signal representing the resolution, with which the picture elements in an image represented by an image signal fed out from each medical image signal feeding apparatus are arrayed. The identification signal is fed into the image reproducing and recording apparatus together with the corresponding image signal.

Abstract: A system for printing data on a prescribed record form, which is repetitively inserted into and removed from a printing device, that includes a printing unit for printing the print data on the prescribed record form, a feed control unit for feeding the record form automatically in a prescribed printing position direction, a detection unit for detecting angular misalignment of the record form from a prescribed printing position each time the record form is inserted into the printing device, a print data computation processing unit for computing a corrected printing position from the position data of the detected angular misalignment, and a print control unit for controlling the printing unit to print the print data according to the corrected printing position.

Abstract: This invention provides a recording apparatus having a recording head capable of recording a predetermined amount of data at a speed higher than transfer speed of the predetermined image data supplied from image data supply source, carry means to convey recording medium to the recording head, and control means to control conveying speed corresponding to the transfer speed. This invention contributes to obtain a high density clear image capable of continued recording without interrupting conveyance of recording medium.

Abstract: An enclosure (10) for a device (86) for recording information onto a strip of printing medium (14) is disclosed, and includes a base (11), forming a cavity (84), and first and second covers (12, 13) pivotally secured to the base. The first and second covers move opposedly to each other between open and closed positions to allow replacement of the printing meduim, which is wound onto a spool. The base and a printhead (16) are pivotally coupled to the first cover by cover and printhead links (30, 58), enabling the printhead to move with and remain covered by the first cover when the enclosure is opened. A drive roller (17) is rotatably secured to the second cover and is biased against the printhead for advancement of the printing medium when the enclosure is closed. When the second cover pivots to its open position, the roller is withdrawn from the base, but remains continuously engaged to a drive motor (18) by a series of gears.

Abstract: The inventon relates to a method and apparatus for marking or recording patient-related information and other necessary data in connection with X-ray imaging on a certain section of a film (6) by using a marking apparatus (2) which is movable relative to film (6). In the method, markings are made latent on film (6) in a manner that the markings become visible in connection with film development. The marking is effected as a sequence, line-directed deviation of a marking being obtained by moving the marking apparatus and the film relative to each other. The marking apparatus (2) used in the method is provided with marking elements which are brought into contact with film (6) for producing a marking on film (6), vertical deviation of alphanumerical marks included in a marking being achieved by individually controlling the operation of each marking element included in the marking apparatus.

Abstract: This invention displays a screen simulating a pen drawing measured data on a recording paper when displaying the measured data on the screen.For this purpose, this invention displays the measured data on the screen by composing the content in a video memory holding the screen information similar to a recording paper and the content in a data memory storing the measured data.

Abstract: A system for detection, measurement, analysis and plotting of electrocardiographic signals with amplitudes ranging down to one microvolt (micropotentials) employing long term ambulatory (Holter) recordings. Multi-channel electrocardiograms are recorded on a Holter recorder that inscribes calibration pulses at the beginning of each tape. The tape is played back at high speed on a scanner which uses the recorded calibration pulses to automatically calibrate the signal gains for each signal channel. The played back signals are digitized at sufficient resolution and sampling rate to permit analysis of micropotentials. The digitized raw data is stored in a permanent computer file available for multiple further analyses. A template heart beat is designated and the raw data file is signal averaged to reduce random noise.

Abstract: A forensic sample and tracking system includes a computer system which operates a data base and a read/write station. The assignment of an identifier in the data base and an identification code to be printed on a sample bottle label are coordinated by the computer. An identification code can then be read for verification after it is written. This permits automated verifying of identification codes in a heretofore unavailable manner. The read/write station makes use of an inexpensive, reliable and compact thermal ink jet print head so that a field computer and read/write station can be taken to sample collection sites. The effective linear resolution of the identification code is enhanced using a two-track bar code.

Abstract: A medical process and apparatus for repeatedly obtaining short term changes in the physiological functioning of an individual as an aid in diagnosing illness and malfunction, and determining longer term changes and "trends" that are, or may be, indicative of the onset of a developing adverse condition. The process involves repetitive testing of the individual at short term intervals and permanently recording the results of all tests, as well as comprehensive medical data about that individual, in the form of microrecordings on a small, credit card size medical record adapted to be continuously carried by the individual. The extensive compilation of test data and medical data is reviewed and compared at longer term intervals to reveal changes and "trends" in process of development. A similar process is employed for determining changes and "trends" in the degree of physical fitness or conditioning.

Abstract: A collection and reporting system for infusion appliance comprising a battery operated monitoring device connected to the power source of the infusion appliance which monitors its usage for a certain period of time, whereupon the data pertaining to the various assignments are transferred to collecting means and further listed by printing means. The data include information pertaining to the monitoring device itself, the infusion appliance being monitored, the patient data and the usage data indicative of the functioning status of the infusion appliance. Usage data are logged every six minutes. The data residing in monitoring device or the meter are collected, recorded, printed and then cleared every one hundred eighty-four days or whenever the storing capacity of the RAM of the meter is exceeded. An indicator is turned on at the six month point to signal the need for collecting data.

Abstract: Apparatus for detecting and displaying on a polygraph record chart any change in either the sensitivity or balance control of each polygraph electronic module. The apparatus includes a detector in the form of a differentiator for detecting a change in voltage on the wiper of the sensitivity or balance potentiometer that produces a signal indicative of the voltage change, and a display operatively connected to the detector for displaying a signal indicative of the adjustment of the potentiometer. The record chart display includes circuitry having a monostable multivibrator configured as a non-retriggerable one shot device responsive to the voltage change signal from the detector to provide a single pulse driving signal to a pen driving motor. The circuitry also includes a rectifier circuit in the form of comparators responsive to the voltage change signal for producing a positive trigger signal to the one shot device.

Abstract: A sphygmomanometer measures blood pressure inclusive of systolic and diastolic blood pressure values, pulse rate and atmospheric temperature prevailing at the time of measurement. The sphygmomanometer includes a memory for storing plural sets of information relating to measured blood pressure together with time information relating to the times at which the measurements were taken, and a printer for generating a graph having a time axis and an axis for information relating to blood pressure. In a first output mode, the printer graphically records systolic and diastolic blood pressure values that prevailed at the time of measurement, connects these two values with a line segment and graphically records pulse rate and atmospheric temperature that prevailed at the time of measurement on the time axis together with the corresponding systolic and diastolic blood pressure values.

Abstract: An apparatus for effecting automatic repetitive detection of items of living body information, such as blood pressure, heart rate and breathing rate, and for automatically recording the detected living body information in a predetermined two dimensional chart area provided on an anesthesia record sheet, by recording respective indicia representative of the living body information, at respective recording positions in the chart area, which corresponds to times of detection of the living body information, including: (A) a sensing device for detecting the living body information; (B) a recording device having a support for supporting the record sheet so as to permit manual recording of auxiliary information other than the living body information on the record sheet, and further having a recording member(s) movable relative to the record sheet for recording the indicia in the chart area; and (C) a control device, responsive to the sensing device, for determining the recording positions of the indicia based on the

Abstract: A system and method for minimizing time-base fluctuations in playing back an electrocardiogram recorded on one track of a multi-track magnetic tape with reference clock signals recorded on another track. A sampling circuit samples the recorded electrocardiogram in response to sampling pulses produced in response to the recorded reference clock signals, and the sampled electrocardiogram is stored in a memory. The stored signal is then read in response to timing pulses produced by a generator. The phase difference between the sampling and timing pulses is detected and maintained constant.

Abstract: A strip chart recorder and method for recording trend signals representative of a physiological condition on a strip chart responsive to the occurrence of an alarm condition. Trend signals representative of said physiological condition in the past are stored. Upon the occurrence of the alarm condition, the stored trend signals are recorded at a faster than real time rate.

Abstract: A magnetic tape recording and playback system having a tape cassette and battery pack joined by a frangible connection in an integral assembly, wherein for recording the assembly provides battery power to the recorder and the recorder provides recording signals to the cassette, and for playback, the battery is broken away from the cassette and discarded and the cassette is inserted into the playback unit, which can accept only the cassette without the battery. This prevents re-use of the cassette in the recorder and assures the use of a fresh battery for each recording session.

Abstract: A penile tumescence monitoring device and method which use strain gauges connected to a connector device which translates the strain gauge input into a magnetically recordable output signal. A magnetic tape recorder is used for tape recording the monitored penile tumescence. The system further includes test switches and indicating lights for testing the proper functioning of the electronic circuitry and strain gauges involved in the system.

Abstract: In an exemplary embodiment writing fluid is continuously supplied from a nozzle toward a recording medium. The nozzle is subjected to excursion by a corresponding angle in order to change between the two points to be printed. In order to improve the recording quality and the recording speed the nozzle is subject to high-speed excursion upon transition between the points in accord with such a time function .phi. (t) that the writing fluid is always moved in the direction toward the new point after it has departed the nozzle. The time function can be set by means of a suitable selection of the parameters of the printer. The excursion signal can likewise be correspondingly shaped or the excursion can be effected by a feedback control loop.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for continuously recording physiological data. The invention includes a unique data mapping and compression technique which allows relatively long term data acquisition without compromising the data sampling rate. The present physiological data recorder has application in recording physiological data which is non-periodic and is characterized by "bursts" of rapid activity interspersed among relatively long periods during which there is little or no activity. The invention has specific application in recording pH data in ambulatory patients and comprises a unique data compression means, an automatic calibration means, and a digital or analogue data playback means.

Abstract: The system enables ambulatory monitoring of a patient's blood pressure and heart rate without the need for the patient to wear a portable magnetic tape recorder. The system takes the place of the tape recorder. ECG electrodes and a blood pressure cuff are affixed to the patient and are connected to a blood pressure measuring apparatus worn by the patient. The Data Acquisition and Storage System (DAS) is connected to the blood pressure measuring apparatus and includes a solid state storage device in which the successive measurements are stored. After the monitoring session, which may last 24 hours, the patient returns to the clinic, where the DAS is connected to a stationary charter that prints and plots the stored data in tabular and graphical form. The DAS includes a clock for determining the time of day at which the successive blood pressure readings are taken, and these times are stored along with the data.

Abstract: To analyze a human patient's heart activity over an extended period of time a portable EKG monitor is attached to the patient through electrodes and the patient maintains a diary of his activities and subjective feelings over a monitoring period. The recorded data is then used to form a graphic record consisting of a plurality of trace segments each representative of short consecutive intervals in the overall monitoring period. These records are necessarily to a very reduced scale and to allow the physician to obtain more detailed information regarding anomolous periods the graphic record is observed and various interesting segments are recorded on a substantially amplified scale. The first macroscopic and the second microscopic display segment are arranged in book form with the enlarged microscopic display segments on opposed pages from the macroscopic display segments to allow their simultaneous review and evaluation.

Abstract: For recording medical information on a strip chart by a strip chart recorder associated with a fetal monitoring device, a communication is initially entered into a data entry system which includes a switching membrane having a plurality of switches forming a switching network underlying the membrane. A microprocessor scans the network to identify the communication and thereafter supplies the same to a liquid crystal display for view by a user of the system prior to transmission of the communication to the recorder for recordation.

Abstract: A strip chart recorder and method for recording trend signals representative of a physiological condition on a strip chart responsive to the occurrence of an alarm condition. Trend signals representative of said physiological condition in the past are stored. Upon the occurrence of the alarm condition, the stored trend signals are recorded at a faster than real time rate.

Abstract: A method of printing an analog waveform having a time variable, such as an ECG by first converting the analog waveform into a time sequence of digitally expressed values, forming predetermined groups of digital data and then determining maximum and minimum amplitude values of the digital data within the groups. These values are stored in a line buffer memory. A recording medium advances past a transversely oriented linear array of discrete recording elements, such as a linear array dot printhead. The serial stored values are read out in parallel to each of the recording elements, with the elements actuated in parallel by the stored values at an initial time and for time durations for each element that is a function of the stored maximum and minimum amplitude values for that element. The waveform is recorded as a series of appropriately placed short parallel longitudinal lines to form in aggregate a transverse waveform display on the recording medium.

Abstract: An electrocardiograph included microprocessor control of signals not only from conventional electrocardiograph electrodes but also from a phonocardiographic pickup. The signals are multiplexed, converted to digital representations for processing and are displayed on a printer. Keyboard control of the microprocessor and both analog signal and modem outputs are provided.

Abstract: The system comprises first and second input circuits for receiving first and second parameter signals, respectively, from a patient monitor and producing first and second data signals. The first and second signals may be ECG and respiration signals, respectively. Each of the signals is passed directly to a switching circuit, and also passed through a time delay circuit which provides a time delay representation of the signal to the switching circuit. Also, the first signal is passed to a rate circuit which provides a rate signal indicative of the frequency of the first signal to the switching circuit. The switching circuit is operative to selectively connect the real time signals, time delayed signals or rate signal to an output circuit depending on the mode of operation of the system chosen. The output circuit can be connected to a strip chart recorder for providing a permanent readable record of the signal selected by the switching circuit.

Abstract: A single-beam CRT printer, used as a validator record of electrocardiographic data played back from a magnetic tape at a much higher speed than the speed at which it was recorded, includes a scan circuit for generating signals for steering the beam alternately through an ECG scan pattern and through a character scan pattern and further includes a character generator for modulating the intensity of the beam in relation to the instantaneous location of the beam within the character scan pattern to cause the beam to print characters, the intensity of the beam and its linear velocity being increased during execution of the character scan pattern to permit the characters to be printed at such a high speed that only an insignificant part of the ECG plot is omitted while the characters are being printed.

Abstract: To provide accurate reconstructable records of the events and therapy administered during a cardiac arrest, flow sheets are attached to the top of a timing clipboard. Each row of the flow sheet matrix indicates a different event and the columns indicate the time of events. The clipboard illuminates columns at intervals in the range of fifteen seconds to five minutes in a timed sequence across the flow sheet by energizing electroluminescent trips underneath the flow sheet to permit the nurse to indicate the events in the column corresponding to the time of the event. Other sensed data is recorded on a tape with timing signals for later reconstruction. When all of the columns have been covered, an alarm is sounded so that a new flow sheet may be attached. The page of the flow sheet is indicated on the clipboard for translation onto the flow sheet.

Abstract: A system for recording heart sounds from a stethoscope-type device and reproducing selected heartbeats stretched out in time but with the same pitch as recorded. In one embodiment the heart sounds are sampled and converted to a digital representations which are recorded on a tape recorder at a first speed. The tape recorder is of the endless loop recording and playback type. At a signal from the user, the tape recorder plays back at a reduced speed the last few heartbeats which are recorded. These are converted to analog signals and fed back to the transducer in the stethoscope for reproduction as natural heartbeat sounds merely stretched in time.Another system records the heartbeat sounds on a rotating recorder such as a magnetic drum. The magnetic transducer may be driven at variable speeds so that, when activated by the user, the speed of the playback transducer is reduced relative to the speed of the transducer during recording, without reducing the rotational speed of the drum.

Abstract: Apparatus for printing alpha-numeric characters for plotting an incoming signal at rates on the order of one page every seven seconds for rapidly verifying that the system producing the incoming signal is operating properly. Both printing and plotting are done by styli mounted on a moving carriage and individually electrified to produce marks on a specially prepared paper. The stylii are moved back and forth across the paper, marking in both directions. The carriage is not stepped across the page, but instead is moved smoothly from one side to the other side under control of a velocity servo. A controller generates and applies velocity command inputs to the servo, based on the position of the carriage as sensed by an optical encoder, and based on certain characteristics of the incoming signal. A first buffer memory accumulates the incoming signal until a line has been stored for plotting, while a second buffer memory is applying its accumulated contents to the printhead.

Abstract: An electroencephalographic (EEG) system includes an electroencephalographic instrument comprising a plurality of electrodes adapted to be removably connected to the patient's head to detect brain waves; a plurality of amplifiers, with each amplifier connected to a pair of electrodes; an output multiplexer and a multi-line electrographic recording device, such as a matrix printer, whose display is an on-line display of multi-channel simultaneous wavy lines on a recording medium, such as a strip chart. A digital signal conditioning system is connected between the outputs of the amplifiers and the input of the recording device and functions to minimize misleading effects of muscular artifacts, to detect epileptiform spikes and sharp waves, and to perform quantitative analysis of the EEG signals. This signal conditioning system includes a comparison means which compares analytical features of the patient's brain waves on a statistical basis, with norms stored in a digital storage means.

Abstract: The invention relates to a thermographic apparatus intended in particular for diagnosing disturbances in circulation in the extremities of a patient, by recording the temperature distribution along a selected line extending from the ankle of a patient up to the thigh on both legs of the patient, whereafter any asymmetry in the two registered temperature profiles is used for the basis of a diagnosis. The apparatus comprises a temperature transducer (4), preferably an IR-detector, which is carried on one end of an extendable and retractable arm (6), so that the transducer can be moved manually along a selected line on the leg (2) of the patient. Coupled to the arm (6) is a position transducer (11) for generating an electric signal representative of the distance moved by the temperature transducer. The apparatus also includes a recorder (10) to which both the temperature signal and the position signal are transmitted and which is arranged to record the measured temperature profile simultaneously.

Abstract: Electrocardiographic apparatus including a novel and improved recording paper feed and lead switching arrangement which include a platen having a platen roller, both movable from an open position for installing a supply of recording paper to a position wherein the platen roller with recording paper fed about the surface thereof is moved to an operating position with the platen roller in recording engagement with a recording pen. A paper drive roller is positioned in adjoining relationship to the platen roller and engages the platen roller with the paper thereon when in the operating position. The recording paper is provided with spaced cue marks and transverse perforations between successive cue marks and the apparatus includes a cue detector and associated electric circuitry for detecting said cues so that heart muscle signals from successive groups of patient leads will be recorded on successive segments of the paper defined by the perforations.

Abstract: A device for high-speed transcription of physiological data recorded at substantially lower speeds includes a device for converting the recorded data into electrical signals, a device for converting the electrical signals into light signals and displaying them with high clarity and resolution, and a device for transcribing the light signals onto light-sensitive media at high speed.

Abstract: A time interval recorder stores the magnitude of time intervals between events, e.g. heartbeats, over a period. The data is stored as a sequence of pairs of numbers representing respectively the magnitude of a time interval and the number of successive occurrences of the same time interval. The recorder comprises a digital timer, a comparator, a counter and a digital store. The timer provides a digital indication of each successive time interval which is compared in the comparator with the immediately previous digital indication. If there is equality then the counter is incremented. If there is non-equality then the count is stored in the store together with the digital value of the previous time interval and the counter is then zeroed. The store may also store digital indicators of elapsed time in the same sequence of stored numbers.

Abstract: Apparatus for printing alpha-numeric characters for plotting an incoming signal at rates on the order of one page every seven seconds for rapidly verifying that the system producing the incoming signal is operating properly. Both printing and plotting are done by styli mounted on a moving carriage and individually electrified to produce marks on a specially prepared paper. The styli are moved back and forth across the paper, marking in both directions. The carriage is not stepped across the page, but instead is moved smoothly from one side to the other side under control of a velocity servo. A controller generates and applies velocity command inputs to the servo, based on the position of the carriage as sensed by an optical encoder, and based on certain characteristics of the incoming signal. A first buffer memory accumulates the incoming signal until a line has been stored for plotting, while a second buffer memory is applying its accumulated contents to the printhead.

Abstract: A timed lighting display adjacent the chart drive area of a polygraph indicating when the examiner and examinee have time to ask and respond to a test examination question before the next question.

Abstract: A gating device which may be used with an image recording apparatus in connection with patient monitoring. The device gates a blanking bar with a recording of analogue signals on the picture screen of an oscilloscope.

Abstract: A system and method for visually recording an ECG signal in a helical track about a cylindrical record. The "R" wave of each heart beat is detected and utilized to synchronize the first recorded heart beat pulse of each line. Imaging on the record is by optical exposure of a photographic recording medium.

Abstract: A device for recording and monitoring medical procedures, particularly during emergency treatment, including a keyboard with several groups of keys, one group representing different medical treatments, another representing different medications, another representing various dosages, as for example in c.c.'s and one representing numerical digits. When the keys are depressed a signal is transmitted to a microprocessor which routes it to a LED digital display for visual confirmation. Then, an "Enter" key, which is pressed at the time the treatment is actually effected, transmits the signals representing treatment, dosage, etc. selected by the depressed keys to the microprocessor which transmits the data, along with signals representative of the time of day from a clock circuit, simultaneously to a thermal printing device and to a tape recorder. In the meantime, signals from an external electrocardiogram machine are continuously being transmitted to the tape recorder to be recorded on a second channel.

Abstract: The measured values are calculated from the following equation: ##EQU1## in which X.sub.1, X.sub.i+1, X.sub.i+2 are three values of signals obtained from one electrode measured successively at equal intervals of time, namely after a latent time .tau. has elapsed.The time required for calibration and measurement in the course of a blood gas analysis can be substantially reduced by the consistent application of this procedure for obtaining the measured value for each calibration and measurement.

Abstract: For recording medical information on a strip chart by a strip chart recorder associated with a fetal monitoring device, a communication is initially entered into a data entry system which includes a switching membrane having a plurality of switches forming a switching network underlying the membrane. A microprocessor scans the network to identify the communication and thereafter supplies the same to a liquid crystal display for view by a user of the system prior to transmission of the communication to the recorder for recordation.