Common Picture And Sound Record Carrier System Patents (Class 353/19)
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Publication number: 20150070658Abstract: A wall sconce provides a lighted projection on a wall which can simulate motion or an environment. The wall sconce comprises a lighting chamber having a pair of light emitting diodes (LED). The LEDs emit light which is projected through a translucent cover and projected onto a wall thereby producing a pattern. The LEDs may be turned on or off to change the angle at which light passes through the translucent cover. This change of angle causes the simulation of motion or an environment on the wall. The wall sconce comprises a speaker capable of producing sounds configured to enhance the illusion of motion or the environment on the wall. The wall sconce further comprises an integrated circuit operable to control actuation of the LEDs and the speaker. Decals may be included to enhance the experience produced by the wall sconce.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 6, 2013Publication date: March 12, 2015Applicant: Uncle Milton Industries, Inc.Inventors: Eric Poesch, Frank Adler
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Patent number: 8947400Abstract: Apparatus including a support configured to support a portable device; and a display coupled to the support and configured to receive and display a projected image, the projected image being generated by the portable device.Type: GrantFiled: June 11, 2009Date of Patent: February 3, 2015Assignee: Nokia CorporationInventor: Antti Virolainen
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Patent number: 8520863Abstract: An image display apparatus includes: an image information input section; an image display section for displaying an image corresponding to the image information; a first sound input section adapted to input a first sound signal; a first sound amplification section adapted to amplify the first sound signal to generate a first amplified sound signal; a second sound input section adapted to input a second sound signal; a second sound amplification section adapted to amplify the second sound signal to generate a second amplified sound signal; a sound mixing section adapted to mix the first amplified sound signal and the second amplified sound signal with each other; an audio output section adapted to output an audio corresponding to a sound signal input from the sound mixing section; and an operation mode setting section adapted to set an operation mode, wherein the sound mixing section mixes the first amplified sound signal and the second amplified sound signal based on the operation mode set by the operation moType: GrantFiled: September 2, 2009Date of Patent: August 27, 2013Assignee: Seiko Epson CorporationInventors: Hirokazu Kamatori, Satoru Nasukawa
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Patent number: 8231223Abstract: A projector includes: a light source; a light modulation device which forms an image by modulating light emitted from the light source according to inputted image information; a projection optical system which projects the image formed by the light modulation device; a projection position controlling unit which controls the projection position of the image by shifting the projection optical system in the left-right direction with respect to the projection direction; a pair of left and right speakers which output sounds corresponding to audio information inputted with the image information; and a sound volume adjusting unit which separately adjusts sound volume levels of the sounds outputted from the pair of the speakers based on the control condition of the projection position provided by the projection position controlling unit.Type: GrantFiled: July 9, 2009Date of Patent: July 31, 2012Assignee: Seiko Epson CorporationInventor: Takashi Ozawa
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Patent number: 8128233Abstract: An illuminating optical system for a projector including a light source and a plurality of display panels. The optical system includes a first integrator, which includes a plurality of lens cells that divide a luminous flux emitted by the light source into a plurality of partial luminous fluxes and that condense the respective partial luminous fluxes, a second integrator, which includes a plurality of lens cells on which the respective partial luminous fluxes are incident, a polarization converting element, which uniformizes polarizing directions of the luminous fluxes having passed through the respective lens cells of the second integrator, and a color separating unit, which separates each of the luminous fluxes from the polarization converting element into a plurality of color lights of different wavelengths. A field lens and a condenser lens are arranged between the polarization converting element and the color separating unit.Type: GrantFiled: March 23, 2011Date of Patent: March 6, 2012Assignee: NEC Display Solutions, Ltd.Inventor: Tsutomu Iwashita
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Patent number: 8123358Abstract: Watermarking of a motion picture release print occurs by providing on at least one soundtrack at least one tone of a particular frequency on at least one location unique to the release print. Typically, placement of the particular frequency tone occurs on location(s) where the tone will have minimal impact on the existing soundtrack audio. A record of location(s) at which the particular frequency tone appears on the release print is maintained to facilitate comparison with the tones detected in audio visual work to determine whether the audio of an illegal media was recorded from that release print.Type: GrantFiled: January 23, 2006Date of Patent: February 28, 2012Assignee: Thomson LicensingInventors: Daniele Turchetta, Giuseppe Piccardi, Massimo Masini
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Patent number: 7931375Abstract: An illuminating optical system that includes a first integrator that includes a plurality of lens, a second integrator that includes a plurality of lens cells on which the respective partial luminous fluxes are incident, a polarization converting element that uniformizes polarizing directions of the luminous fluxes that have passed through the respective lens cells of the second integrator, and color separating unit that separates each of the luminous flux from the polarization converting element into a plurality of color lights of different wavelengths. A field lens and a condenser lens are arranged between the polarization converting element and the separating unit to superimpose the luminous fluxes that have passed through the respective lens cells of the first integrator, on the plurality of display panels. The condenser lens is located closer to the color separating unit.Type: GrantFiled: March 6, 2008Date of Patent: April 26, 2011Assignee: NEC Display Solutions, Ltd.Inventor: Tsutomu Iwashita
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Publication number: 20100315327Abstract: Apparatus including a support configured to support a portable device; and a display coupled to the support and configured to receive and display a projected image, the projected image being generated by the portable device.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 11, 2009Publication date: December 16, 2010Inventor: Antti Virolainen
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Publication number: 20100134764Abstract: A projector includes: a light source; a light modulation device which forms an image by modulating light emitted from the light source according to inputted image information; a projection optical system which projects the image formed by the light modulation device; a projection position controlling unit which controls the projection position of the image by shifting the projection optical system in the left-right direction with respect to the projection direction; a pair of left and right speakers which output sounds corresponding to audio information inputted with the image information; and a sound volume adjusting unit which separately adjusts sound volume levels of the sounds outputted from the pair of the speakers based on the control condition of the projection position provided by the projection position controlling unit.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 9, 2009Publication date: June 3, 2010Applicant: Seiko Epson CorporationInventor: Takashi Ozawa
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Publication number: 20090015793Abstract: An integrated interactive drawing and entertainment projector comprises a base having a top surface defining a receptacle for a sheet of paper. The housing is attached to the base. A film having at least one image thereon is received in the housing. A projector within the housing is operatively associated with the film to project the at least one image on to the top surface of the base defining the receptacle.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 11, 2008Publication date: January 15, 2009Inventors: Kent Suzuki, Bill Goodman
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Patent number: 7303282Abstract: A multimedia display device includes a docking station having speakers and a media drive, wherein the docking station is configured to structurally and communicatively couple an image projection device to the docking station.Type: GrantFiled: October 23, 2003Date of Patent: December 4, 2007Assignee: Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.Inventors: Dan Dwyer, Robert M. Schnelder
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Patent number: 7144114Abstract: The invention provides systems and methods for generating a visual image that is made to appear to be situated behind an architectural structure, such as a wall of a building, and is viewed through windows thereof. The image appears as an oversize object relative to the actual object. The system and method include an image recorder and/or a pre-recorded image, an image display apparatus, and a mask. Sound can be provided as required to complete the illusion. The image can be a still image or a moving image. In some embodiments, two viewers can see the image from opposite sides of the structure, each perceiving the image as being on the side opposite to the viewer. The system includes a video capture device and a display and an optional audio system for showing the person whose image is being projected the giant image as seen and heard by a viewer.Type: GrantFiled: June 8, 2006Date of Patent: December 5, 2006Inventor: Susannah Lawrence
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Patent number: 7097307Abstract: The invention provides systems and methods for generating a visual image that is made to appear to be situated behind an architectural structure, such as a wall of a building, and is viewed through windows thereof. The image appears as an oversize object relative to the actual object. The system and method include an image recorder and/or a pre-recorded image, an image display apparatus, and a mask. Upon being projected, the image of interest is masked so that illumination falls on one or more regions of a display surface, and no illumination reaches the architectural structure outside the display region(s). Sound can be provided as required to complete the illusion. The image can be a still image or a moving image. In some embodiments, two viewers can see the image from opposite sides of the structure, each perceiving the image as being on the side opposite to the viewer.Type: GrantFiled: April 6, 2004Date of Patent: August 29, 2006Inventor: Susannah Lawrence
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Patent number: 7055956Abstract: The present invention provides an image-rendering device for an image projector. The image-rendering device includes a body having an image receiver adapted to alternatively receive a first interchangeable data transfer device and a second interchangeable data transfer device. Each interchangeable data transfer device is adapted to enable transfer of an image to the image-rendering device. The body may further include a projector connector adapted to operably couple the image-rendering device to the image projector and a processor configured to automatically transmit the image from the image receiver to the image projector for display. In some embodiments, the image-rendering device includes a peripheral device connector configured to enable at least one peripheral device to be operably linked to the image-rendering device. The peripheral device connector may be configured to transmit an image from the at least one peripheral device to the image projector, or vice versa.Type: GrantFiled: August 10, 2004Date of Patent: June 6, 2006Assignee: Infocus CorporationInventors: Jorell A. Olson, Robin Hoeye, Jason Lewis
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Patent number: 6962417Abstract: The invention relates to a keystone correction system and method. The system includes a projector for projecting an image on a projection surface and a platform to allow a user to vertically rotate the projector before horizontally rotating the projector. The projector corrects for keystone distortion responsive to the projector's vertical and horizontal position. The platform increases the keystone range of the projector. The keystone correction method includes moving a projector in a vertical direction and moving a projector in a horizontal direction after moving the projector in a vertical direction.Type: GrantFiled: January 5, 2004Date of Patent: November 8, 2005Assignee: Pixelworks, Inc.Inventors: Tianbing Teng, Michael Callahan
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Patent number: 6550922Abstract: The present invention relates to the audio-video recording of overhead projector based presentations. The apparatus (1) comprises an audio microphone (29), a logging element (20, 21, 27) for logging when a presenter changes a viewable object such as an overhead transparency (6) on an overhead projector, and a recording apparatus (25), wherein: the microphone (29) generates an audio signal from the audio portion of the presentation; the logging element (20, 21, 27) is activatable to generate a marker signal indicating the change of viewable object (6); and the recording apparatus (25) receives the audio signal from the microphone (29) and the marker signal from the logging element (20, 21, 27) to record the signals as audio data and marker data so that audio data is correlated with the marker data.Type: GrantFiled: June 8, 2001Date of Patent: April 22, 2003Assignee: Hewlett-Packard CompanyInventor: Constantin Bogomolnyi
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Patent number: 5812099Abstract: An audio-visual, virtual-reality system making it possible for a user to see, during successive time periods, a still image of a particular subject while listening to a program relating to that subject. The system consists of a standard record player coupled to a viewer unit, the record player being provided with a loud speaker and an output jack to both of which are fed the reproduced signals of the recording being played. The record carries a sound recording of a series of programs, each related to a different subject, each program being preceded by a supersonic cue signal. Inserted in the viewer unit is a film storage device containing a series of film frames, each having an image of a subject corresponding to a respective program of the recording. The unit includes a stepping motor to advance the frames so as to present them successively to the eyes of the user, and a control circuit for the motor responsive to cue signals yielded at the output jack of the player.Type: GrantFiled: April 15, 1993Date of Patent: September 22, 1998Inventor: Donald Spector
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Patent number: 5424790Abstract: A projection apparatus comprising a holding section for holding a film cassette having an exposed magnetic-zoned film therein, motors for automatically drawing out the leader portion of the film from the film cassette and for forwardly feeding the film with a predetermined timing, a projection lamp and a projection lens pair for illuminating the film to project an image, a magnetic head for detecting magnetic information on the film, a shutter which operates in accordance with the magnetic information detected by the magnetic head, and a control circuit for operating the motors and the shutter in accordance with programs, thereby controlling the film feed timing and shutter operation timing.Type: GrantFiled: July 8, 1993Date of Patent: June 13, 1995Assignee: Olympus Optical Co., Ltd.Inventors: Katsuhiko Tsunefuji, Ayumu Midorikawa
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Patent number: 5266980Abstract: An audio visual story-telling toy projects pictures on a surface such as a ceiling or a wall while a story recorded on an audio cassette is played. The toy is a small, self-contained unit which includes a tape player and a synchronized picture strip projector. The toy includes an insertable, removable cartridge containing film with picture frames sequenced to correspond to the story on the tape.Type: GrantFiled: March 19, 1992Date of Patent: November 30, 1993Inventors: Edward L. Gussin, Donald G. Ratner, Paul R. Feinsinger
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Patent number: 4884885Abstract: A microfilm aperture card having a window for mounting a microfilm, and an adhesive tape which extends around the opening in the card, and covering the edges of the microfilm and the window opening, the adhesive tape being adapted to carry identification indicia.Type: GrantFiled: October 27, 1987Date of Patent: December 5, 1989Assignee: Datox Organisation D. Schweinsberg GmbH & Co. KGInventor: Dieter K. J. Schweinsberg
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Patent number: 4791496Abstract: With an audiovisual information presentation system, pictorial image data, drawn on paper sheets in advance and to be optically projected on a screen using an optical projector, is sequentially sensed by a TV camea. Speech corresponding to the image data is input through a microphone. A data storage unit stores the image data and corresponding audio data together with code data for identifying pairs of image and audio data. When a search mode is designated, a desired pair of image and audio data is automatically searched from the data storage unit under the control of a CPU, and is reproduced by electrical monitor display units and a loudspeaker unit independent of image display on the projection screen.Type: GrantFiled: April 9, 1986Date of Patent: December 13, 1988Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha ToshibaInventors: Satoshi Kageyama, Yasushi Nakamura, Takashi Kondo, Shozo Abe, Kazuhiro Mori
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Patent number: 4765734Abstract: The present invention includes an information projector slide comprising a planar member having a central window for holding a photographic film image and at least one border adjacent the window. A magnetic medium for storing selected digitally encoded alpha-numeric information is affixed to the border. A read/write system for reading information from and writing information to the projector slide includes a read head, a write head, a controller, a keyboard and a display monitor. An optical projection system and a video projection system are provided for concurrently displaying an image from a photographic slide and encoded information from the magnetic media. A cropping system is also provided for use with the video projection system.Type: GrantFiled: May 22, 1986Date of Patent: August 23, 1988Assignee: Pakon, Inc.Inventors: James A. Truc, Gary A. Hoonsbeen
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Patent number: 4758485Abstract: An audiovisual slide show is recorded by collecting a set of slides having pictures dealing with a broad topic. A strip of laser recording material is disposed on each slide. A laser writes a data pattern corresponding to spoken words on the strip. The words give a self-contained characterization of the picture on a slide. A subset of slides is selected from the set of slides so as to form a slide show. The slides have a photographic image mounted in a holder. A strip of laser recording optical data material is disposed on the border of the holder or on the film adjacent to the image. The strips can store about fifty seconds of human speech or ten times as much artificial speech, such as phoneme speech.Type: GrantFiled: October 8, 1986Date of Patent: July 19, 1988Assignee: Drexler Technology CorporationInventor: Jerome Drexler
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Patent number: 4473280Abstract: An audio-visual cartridge containing two coplanar adjacent rotatable discs, a visual disc carrying a plurality of picture transparencies mounted in a ring for successive viewing and an audio disc having sound recording tracks on a face thereof for individual sound recordings corresponding to transparencies, the cartridge being in the form of a flat envelope having a first and second internal compartment disposed in coplanar relation for accommodating the discs. An apparatus for reproducing recordings while a user views transparencies on discs contained in an audio-visual cartridge is provided with a manual selector for rotating the visual disc and a motor drive for rotating the audio disc, an optical viewer for reading the transparencies, an audio device for reading sound tracks and reproducing recordings and a circuit and mechanism for coordinating the rotation of the discs so that individual recordings corresponding to transparencies are reproduced while the corresponding transparencies are being viewed.Type: GrantFiled: October 21, 1983Date of Patent: September 25, 1984Assignee: Staar S. A.Inventor: Marcel J. Staar
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Patent number: 4277152Abstract: A synchronized audio visual system including an audio program source capable of producing a film advance signal at predetermined intervals and a projector interconnected therewith. The projector has a source of light for passing light through an aperture in the projector and film is directed along a pathway into and out of alignment with the aperture for projection of individual frames thereof in sequence. A motor is used for initiating advance of the film in response to advance signals from the audio source in a predetermined sequence. The motor directs an advance mechanism including a rotating member with a drive projection extending therefrom for rotating into and out of engagement with film support and drive structure for the film. The period of advance of the film is controlled by each stroke of the rotating member and is related to a film advance signal from the audio source.Type: GrantFiled: November 30, 1979Date of Patent: July 7, 1981Assignee: Instructional/Communications Technology, Inc.Inventor: Stanford E. Taylor
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Patent number: 4272167Abstract: A cartridge is disclosed for an audiovisual filmstrip projector. The cartridge holds a filmstrip and a standard magnetic tape cassette. Spring hooks are provided on a mounting plate of the cartridge for releasably attaching the cassette by a single motion of pressing the cassette toward the mounting plate and for allowing removal of the cassette from the cartridge by a single motion of pulling the cassette away from the mounting plate.Type: GrantFiled: November 15, 1978Date of Patent: June 9, 1981Inventor: Fred G. Kempster
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Patent number: 4122613Abstract: A programmable, operator responsive, audiovisual teaching apparatus includes a rear screen projector for displaying visual information and an audio reproduction unit providing correlated audiovisual presentations in a sequence corresponding to a branched learning format. A microfiche storage element is provided with a plurality of informational units to be projected toward the screen, each unit including a visual portion, an encoded data portion, and an optical sound track portion. The coded data portion is projected onto a plurality of photodetectors mounted adjacent the screen and the optical sound track is projected onto a movable sound track transducer which provides the audio presentation. A plurality of manually operable switches are provided on the apparatus for selective actuation by the operator in an attempt to select a proper response to the audiovisual presentation.Type: GrantFiled: January 24, 1977Date of Patent: October 31, 1978Assignee: Bell & Howell CompanyInventors: George C. Karalus, Robert R. Parker
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Patent number: 4067647Abstract: A dual film strip projector projects images onto at least one screen from a pair of film strips, each of which is advanced in programmed timing independently of the other. The film strips are contained in a cartridge that is readily insertable in the projector, and the timing of the advance of the frames of each film strip is automatically controlled by control signals recorded on a magnetic tape in another cartridge insertable in the projector. The projector includes dual illumination systems, projection lenses and film strip advancing devices. Operation of the projector is entirely automatic in that the control signals on the magnetic tape operate the pair of film strip advancing devices.Type: GrantFiled: August 14, 1975Date of Patent: January 10, 1978Assignee: Developing Techniques Laboratory, Inc.Inventor: Harold Gallina
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Patent number: 4043651Abstract: An audio-visual reproducing device is disclosed which utilizes a program unit having a structure for producing an audio signal and carrying a plurality of visual representations. The program unit is mounted in the device so that a rotatable pick-up is moved along the structure for producing an audio signal in order to obtain an audio output. As such an audio output is obtained a separate optical structure projects a single one of the visual representation so that such representation may be observed.Type: GrantFiled: April 8, 1966Date of Patent: August 23, 1977Inventor: Robert J. Livingston
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Patent number: 4037951Abstract: A film cartridge having a film to be projected, a magnetic tape with a sound signal and film feeding signals, a housing for accommodating therein the film and tape separately therein, a reflector for projecting light passing the film and a locking mechanism for locking the film when it is not driven.A cartridge autoslide or player for the film cartridge mentioned as above having a housing with an opening for receiving the cartridge, a light source for projecting light on to the reflector of the film cartridge, an optical device for projecting the light passed through the film onto a screen, a film driving mechanism, a tape driving device and an unlocking mechanism for automatically unlocking the film locking mechanism when the cartridge is inserted into the autoslide.Type: GrantFiled: July 30, 1975Date of Patent: July 26, 1977Inventor: Teiji Aoki
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Patent number: 4020503Abstract: Means for providing stationary images from slides and sound related to these images include a retainer for insertion of a slide, an endless taut magnetic tape mounted within the retainer, and stationary magnetic heads that impose sound tracks on the tape and reproduce such sound tracks. Control circuitry connected to the heads provide a group of sound tracks for each image of a slide in predetermined sequential order.Type: GrantFiled: March 26, 1976Date of Patent: April 26, 1977Inventor: Martin E. Gerry
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Patent number: 4014604Abstract: There is disclosed sound slide assemblages which comprise a generally rectangular body incorporating an image bearing portion and a magnetic sound track portion. The image bearing portion is adapted to receive either a mounted or unmounted transparency. The sound track portion is contiguous to the image bearing portion and is capable of receiving sound tracks having various configurations such as spiral, arcuate, parallel and sinuous. The assemblages are characterized by their thinness and simplicity of structure.Type: GrantFiled: May 14, 1975Date of Patent: March 29, 1977Assignee: Kalart Victor CorporationInventor: Morris Schwartz
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Patent number: 4010491Abstract: A slide and magnetic tape retainer provides capability of insertion of a mounted transparency and has a spiral spring type tape that is self retractable, after being transported, to its original position. The tape is guided for non-interference with the slide or transparency within the retainer by means of rollers. Mechanical energy is stored in the tape when a portion of it has been transported, and upon release of the transported portion the tape returns to its original position by itself without use of any mechanical aids. Transportation of the tape occurs when a motor is energized by a push button and a cam on the motor in cooperation with a switch times the recording or reproducing period of the tape when such tape is also in cooperation with a magnetic head.Type: GrantFiled: March 26, 1976Date of Patent: March 1, 1977Inventor: Martin E. Gerry
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Patent number: 3999848Abstract: A cartridge having a film handling portion and an audio tape cassette storing portion for use with an audio-visual system. The film storing portion includes a supply and take-up reel which are coupled by an intermediate gear so that the rotation of one reel is coupled to the other and means for transporting the film spooled about the reels past an aperture plate in either a continuous or intermittent motion mode. Provision is made in the cartridge for allowing the projection of light through the image portion of the film positioned at the aperture in the aperture plate and through an auxiliary frame in the film positioned at an auxilliary aperture to identify the number of the image portion being projected. A standard audio tape cassette containing the audio portion of the audio-visual presentation associated with the film may be stored in the tape cassette storing portion facing towards the opposite side of the cartridge from the aperture plate.Type: GrantFiled: March 15, 1974Date of Patent: December 28, 1976Assignee: General Audio-Visual Inc.Inventor: Kenneth Li Donnici
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Patent number: 3999845Abstract: A tone-arm generally in the form of a unitary right-angle member has first and second arms extending at approximately 90.degree. to each other. A needle is supported by one of the arms, the other arm being connected to a stem which is in turn connected to the speaker diaphram for vibrating the latter when the tone-arm is vibrated in its own plane as a consequence of the needle engaging the grooves of a phonograph record. A fulcrum supports the tone-arm for pivoting movement in its own plane; this fulcrum also permits the arm supporting the needle to move in a second plane parallel with the record. Spring means hold the tone-arm in engagement with the fulcrum and at the same time maintain the needle in engagement with the record. A camming means operated by advancing mechanism for a transparency holder separates the needle from the record during indexing of the needle to the separate successive messages on the record.Type: GrantFiled: June 5, 1974Date of Patent: December 28, 1976Assignee: GAF CorporationInventor: Anatoli Brushenko
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Patent number: 3973842Abstract: This invention relates to camera apparatus having a mechanism containing transparent slides for projection, and, with this, there is provided a mechanism for including with these slides related sound records for reproduction concurrently with the pictorial representations.Type: GrantFiled: March 10, 1975Date of Patent: August 10, 1976Assignee: Pronton-Werk Alfred Gauthier GmbHInventor: Hans Woerner
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Patent number: 3953118Abstract: An audio-visual unit includes a disc mounting a plurality of discrete image transparencies arranged in a continuous pattern for successive visual display; a record co-axially mounted on the disc includes separate recorded messages corresponding to respective transparencies on the disc. The projector includes an advance mechanism manually operable successively for intermittently rotating the disc thereby to present the transparencies in seriatim for visual display. An indexing mechanism is operated in response to actuation of the advance mechanism for intermittently moving a tone arm to successive positions corresponding to the starting grooves of respective messages on the record.Type: GrantFiled: June 5, 1974Date of Patent: April 27, 1976Assignee: GAF CorporationInventor: Anatoli Brushenko
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Patent number: 3942269Abstract: An audio-visual system for providing correlated audio and visual presentations from audio-visual slides in a sequence corresponding to a branched learning format. Upon an operator selecting a presented response choice, a projected program containing first indicia providing a binary number indicating the number of steps and second indicia indicating the direction which the slide magazine should be stepped to be in position for presenting the next slide, is sensed and the binary number is stored in a register. The magazine is stepped in the indicated direction; and the number of steps taken are counted and compared to the binary number stored in the register. When the compared counts are equal, the stepping of the magazine is stopped.Type: GrantFiled: May 22, 1972Date of Patent: March 9, 1976Assignee: Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co.Inventor: John L. Roche