Abstract: A system for detection and coating analysis that comprises a digital camera and a light-based protractor positioned adjacent to or on a physical coating surface. The system identifyies a particular angular indication being displayed by the light-based protractor. The system then identifies a target color of the physical coating surface and identifies one or more target coating texture characteristics of the physical coating surface. Additionally, the system identifies a proposed coating that comprises a proposed color that matches the target color and proposed coating characteristics that match the one or more target coating texture characteristics. The system then displays, on a user interface, the proposed coating.

Abstract: An illumination unit is described that includes a first light source positioned on a first axis and a second light source on a second axis that intersects and is angularly offset with respect to the first axis. The illumination unit includes a reflector having an aperture through which the first axis extends and a reflective surface angled with respect to the first axis and second axis.

Abstract: A method (300) for detecting one or more caries using an imaging device (10), the method including the steps of: (i) directing (320) light from a first light source (12) toward a tooth (40); (ii) measuring (340), with an optical sensor (16), transmission of light from the first light source through the tooth; (iii) directing (330) light from a second light source (14) toward the tooth, wherein the second light source directs light at the tooth at a different angle relative to the first light source; (iv) measuring (350), with the optical sensor, reflectance from the tooth of light from the second light source; (v) comparing (360) the measured transmission to the measured reflectance; and (vi) determining (370), based at least in part on said comparison, whether a caries is present in the tooth.

Abstract: A device for determining the state of a mechanical component, in which, when the component is in use, at least part of the component moves in relation to another component, particularly of drives or bearings or transmissions, using a measuring device that can determine an electrical variable or the change in an electrical variable.

Abstract: The color strength of a colored batch containing effect pigments can be measured and corrected using one or more non-uniformly weighted factors to determine, at a plurality of combinations of illumination angles and measurement angles, and at one or more wavelengths, the color and intensity of light reflected or absorbed by a coating film made from the batch in comparison to a reference color strength. Based on such comparison, let-downs or batches may be passed, rejected, mixed or otherwise dispersed. The composition of such let-downs or batches may also or instead be adjusted by adding non-effect pigments, effect pigments, binder, carrier, binder, or non-effect or effect pigments dispersed in either or both of a carrier and binder, in order to correct the let-down or batch color strength to within a desired tolerance of the reference color strength.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of determination of a matching variant of a standard colour of a repair paint matching the effect colour of an object to be repaired, the method comprising the steps of a) determination of the standard colour of the colour of the object to be repaired, and b) determination of the best matching variant of the standard colour from a given number of variant colours, wherein ? a swatch coated with the colour of the standard colour is visually compared under at least two different angles of illumination and/or observation with the colour to be matched, ? the visual deviation from the standard colour and the colour of the object to be matched being evaluated on the basis of predetermined deviations for the visual properties, wherein the predetermined visual properties comprise at least one colour property and at least one texture property, ? based on the predetermined deviations for the visual properties of the standard colour and the colour of the object to be matched, the best ma

Abstract: Systems and method for matching appearance of a target coating on a substrate is provided herein. The system includes a coating chip including a chip coating layer. The chip coating layer has a chip coarseness. The system further includes an illumination component configured to illuminate the chip coating layer with a light having an illumination color. The chip coating layer exhibits the chip coarseness and the illumination color in the presence of the light having the illumination color. The chip coating layer exhibiting the chip coarseness and the illumination color is utilized for matching the appearance of the target coating.

Abstract: A difference between a peak reflectance of a first wavelength component and a reflectance of a second wavelength component having a predetermined wavelength among reflectances of a plurality of wavelength components constituting reflected light in a highlight direction from a glitter material-containing coating film is set as a first difference value. Reflectance is measured of the first and second wavelength components of the reflected light in the highlight direction for the coating film corresponding to a measurement object. A first difference value is calculated by using the measurement result. A storage stores in advance correlation information indicating a correlation between the first difference value and an index value indicating predetermined physical characteristics of a glitter material contained in the coating film.

Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with a display mounted in a housing. A color sensing ambient light sensor may measure the color of ambient light. The color sensing ambient light sensor may be mounted in alignment with an ambient light sensor window formed in an inactive area of the display. The color sensing ambient light sensor may be formed from detectors on a semiconductor substrate. The detectors may include detectors that have spectral sensitivity profiles matching those of color matching functions. The color sensing ambient light sensor may include an infrared light detector. Light redirecting structures such as a diffuser, prism film, negative lens film, or privacy film may be used in directing light into the ambient light sensor. The color sensing ambient light sensor may be calibrated by exposing the sensor to light sources of different types.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for generating a model of a subject's teeth. Described herein are intraoral scanning methods and apparatuses for generating a three-dimensional model of a subject's intraoral region (e.g., teeth) including both surface features and internal features. These methods and apparatuses may be used for identifying and evaluating lesions, caries and cracks in the teeth. Any of these methods and apparatuses may use minimum scattering coefficients and/or segmentation to form a volumetric model of the teeth.

Abstract: An input chromaticity data calculation unit 113 calculates input chromaticity data rg from device-dependent color data RGB. A chromaticity data transformation unit 114 transforms the input chromaticity data rg into output chromaticity data xy by referring to an LUT stored by an LUT storage unit 13. A total amount calculation unit 115 refers to the LUT of the LUT storage unit 13 to calculate a total amount ??XYZ of the device-independent color data XYZ from the color data RGB. An output color data calculation unit 116 uses the total amount ??XYZ to calculate color data XYZ from the output chromaticity data xy.

Abstract: A scanner includes a camera, a light source for generating a probe light incorporating a spatial pattern, an optical system for transmitting the probe light towards the object and for transmitting at least a part of the light returned from the object to the camera, a focus element within the optical system for varying a position of a focus plane of the spatial pattern on the object, unit for obtaining at least one image from said array of sensor elements, unit for evaluating a correlation measure at each focus plane position between at least one image pixel and a weight function, a processor for determining the in-focus position(s) of each of a plurality of image pixels for a range of focus plane positions, or each of a plurality of groups of image pixels for a range of focus plane positions, and transforming in-focus data into 3D real world coordinates.

Abstract: An optical sensor for an instrument to form a closed-loop curing instrument that is configured to manage the quantity of delivered energy to a curable material, including a composite restoration for a tooth. The closed-loop curing instrument is configured to analyze a signal indicative of the light reflecting from the curable material, and to adjust light output based on the analysis.

Abstract: The invention relates to a computer implemented process for matching a paint to the visual appearance properties of a painted substrate surface comprising the steps of a) selecting a potentially matching first candidate paint based on a first paint recipe comprising one or more color and/or effect imparting toners, b) applying the first candidate paint to a test panel to obtain a first painted test panel c) visually comparing the appearance properties of the painted substrate surface and the first painted test panel under more than one viewing angle, wherein the visual comparison comprises c1) selecting a visual appearance category wherein the appearance of the painted test panel most prominently deviates from the painted substrate, wherein the categories are selected from a number of pre-defined visual appearance categories displayed on an output device of a computer, c2) inputting the selected visual appearance category in an input device of the computer, c3) visually determining the visual appearance diffe

Abstract: A vibration monitoring system includes an acoustic device that outputs an analog signal to a fiber cable for calibration and location verification. The acoustic device utilizes GPS or communication from wayside bungalow equipment to verify GPS location or real-time clock information. The wayside bungalow contains communication equipment that interfaces with the acoustic device and relays health information to a sensing processor. The sensing processor is configured to detect the acoustic signal output by the acoustic device at a known location and verifies that the cable and device have not moved location by comparing the signal level received against a threshold stored in memory. When the threshold is exceeded, the sensing processor sends an alert that the fiber optic cable or acoustic device at the location have changed.

Abstract: A method that includes obtaining, using a processor, image data from a target coating. The method also includes performing, using the processor, an image analysis to determine at least one sparkle point from the image data, and performing, using the processor, a hue analysis to determine a sparkle color from the sparkle point. The method further includes calculating, using the processor, a sparkle color distribution, and generating, using the processor, a coating formulation that is the same or substantially similar in appearance to the target coating.

Abstract: A dental measuring device for three-dimensional measurement of a patient's teeth having projection means with a projection unit 8 to project a measuring structure onto a tooth to be examined. The device also has a camera to capture a measuring structure projected onto the tooth. According to the present invention, the projection unit has at least one UV light source, wherein the power output from the UV light source is selected or can be selected such that light-curing dental materials can be cured by the effect of the UV light, in such a way that the device can be used or is used for curing light-curing dental materials.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for measuring and storing the paint color formula of a sample. Paint is sprayed on directional samples. The horizontal standard is measured and stored in a database. A vertical standard is measured at a plurality of locations and orientations and stored in the database.

Abstract: A measuring apparatus and a measuring method are provided. The measuring apparatus includes an optical system to condense light, a light receiving device to receive light condensed by the optical system at a plurality of light receiving positions and convert the light into an electric signal, a plurality of optical band-pass filters arranged near a lens stop of the optical system, each of the optical band-pass filters having a different spectral transmittance, a lens array arranged between the optical system and the light receiving device, the lens array having a plurality of lenses each of which is arranged substantially in parallel with a two-dimensional surface of the light receiving device, and a correction unit to correct the electric signal for each one of the plurality of light receiving positions of the light receiving device. The measuring method is performed by the measuring apparatus.

Abstract: Described is a light emitting diode (LED) high radiance illumination system that includes at least one LED die and a tapered collection optic. An aperture in a reflective surface at the output end of the tapered collection optic recovers light is configured to emit light to an adjacent optical fiber bundle. The reflective surface surrounding the aperture reflects light back through the tapered collection optic, resulting in increased radiance. The system provides uniform high intensity in near and far fields and is suitable for applications including surgical and microscopy illumination with high color rendering index, and stable and adjustable intensity and correlated color rendering. Illumination can include one or more colors, including white light. The system has improved thermal and optical performance and is generally more compact and lower in cost relative to conventional systems.

Abstract: A method that includes obtaining, using a processor, image data from a target coating. The method also includes performing, using the processor, an image analysis to determine at least one sparkle point from the image data, and performing, using the processor, a hue analysis to determine a sparkle color from the sparkle point. The method further includes calculating, using the processor, a sparkle color distribution, and generating, using the processor, a coating formulation that is the same or substantially similar in appearance to the target coating.

Abstract: An example of an optical accessory configured to produce an optical image depicting spectral characteristics of light. The produced optical image is captured by an image capture sensor of a mobile device. The captured image is processed by the mobile device to produce a measured value corresponding to a lighting-related parameter.

Abstract: A spectral color sensor including a spectroscopic unit that disperses reflected light from a measurement target, and a light detection element that detects the dispersed light from the reflected light, comprises: a storage unit that stores a correspondence relationship between a pre-measured wavelength of the dispersed light projected on the light detection element and a projection position, as well as a stray light component; a first correction unit that, based on a measurement result when a color is measured, corrects the correspondence relationship between the wavelength of the dispersed light projected on the light detection element and the projection position stored in the storage unit; and a second correction unit that carry out wavelength correction on the stray light component stored in the storage unit using the corrected correspondence relationship between the wavelength and the projection position.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the characterization of pigments and fillers in which the luminance of a pigmented transparent medium is determined against a dark background. This measurement method is particularly suitable for determining the optical properties of cosmetic fillers.

Abstract: There are provided systems, devices and methods for operating a light source with a light sensor to provide a desired light output. In particular, in one embodiment, there is provided a light control system. The light control system includes a light source and a light sensor that share a common light pathway. Additionally, the light control system includes a controller electrically coupled to the light source and the light sensor. The controller operates the light source and the light sensor alternatively during a periodic cycle having a frequency of approximately 60 Hz or greater to achieve a desired visual effect based on ambient lighting conditions.

Abstract: Provided is an object detection apparatus using a general camera sensor for adjusting detection sensitivity to an object (pedestrian or animal) even in an urban area in which the scattered reflection of a light source is severe. The object detection apparatus overcomes the limitations of a related art object detection apparatus using a thermal imaging camera which is incapable of adjusting detection sensitivity to an obstacle (pedestrian or animal) in an urban area in which the scattered reflection of a light source is severe.

Abstract: The invention describes a light sensor (1) comprising a filter arrangement (11), which filter arrangement (11) comprises a number of spectral filters (F1, F2, . . . , Fn) for filtering incident light (L), wherein a spectral filter (F1, F2, . . . , Fn) is realized to pass a distinct component of the incident light (L), an aperture arrangement (12) for admitting a fraction of the incident light (L), and a sensor arrangement (13) realized to collect the admitted filtered light (L?), which sensor arrangement (13) comprises an array of sensor elements (130) for generating image-related signals (S, S1, S2, . . . , Sn) and which sensor array is sub-divided into a number of regions (R1, R2, . . . , Rn), wherein a region (R1, R2, . . . , Rn) of the sensor array is allocated to a corresponding spectral filter (Fi, F2, . . . , Fn) such that an image-related signal (S) generated by a sensor element (130) of a particular region (R1, R2, . . .

Abstract: A system and method of characterizing a color variation of a surface includes a device having a light source and a plurality of sensors positioned at respective viewing angles. An algorithm is stored on and executable by a controller to cause the controller to direct a beam of light at the measurement location with the light source and measure the light leaving the measurement location with the sensors at a plurality of azimuth angles to obtain respective measured color values. The controller is configured to define a color vector function F(?, ?) to represent the color variation of the surface. The controller is configured to determine the color vector function F(?, ?) based at least partially on the respective measured color values. The system allows for a representation of color space of a surface at any azimuth and viewing angle.

Abstract: A system for channel handover includes a mobile radio device and a server storing polygon operating area information for a plurality of overlapping polygon operating areas for wireless communication. The mobile radio device receives the polygon operating area information, and determines the device location. Based on the polygon operating area information, the mobile radio device selects a first channel of operation corresponding to a channel that is available for use within a first polygon operating area. The travel of the mobile radio device is tracked to determine when the mobile radio device has exited the first polygon operating area and entered a second polygon operating area. When this occurs, the device selects a second channel of operation corresponding to a channel that is available for use within the second polygon operating area. Alternatively, the channel selection may be determined by the server and transmitted to the mobile radio device.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for generating signatures for an image obtain an image, estimate a spectral image of the obtained image, calculate one or both of a detection component of the image and a residual component of the image, wherein the detection component of the image is based on the spectral image, a spectral-power distribution for a specific illuminant, and spectral sensitivities of a detector, and wherein calculating the residual component of the image is based on the spectral image, the spectral power distribution for the specific illuminant, and the spectral sensitivities of the detector or, alternatively, based on the spectral image and the calculated detection component, and generate an image signature based on one or both of the detection component and the residual component.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of characterizing a scattering colored pigment for use in the determination of the absorption and scattering coefficients of the scattering colored pigment, the method comprising the step of obtaining a reflectance spectrum of a mixture of the scattering colored pigment with a substantially non-absorbing scattering pigment at a plurality of different volume fractions wherein the substantially non-absorbing scattering pigment has a particle size greater than 0.6 micron. Also provided is a pigment characterization system adapted to perform the method of the invention to characterize a scattering colored pigment.

Abstract: A method for projecting a 3-D viewable image onto a display surface, comprising the steps of, providing two or more projection systems; arranging the two or more projection systems into a first group and second group, wherein the first group and second group each comprise one or more projection systems; arranging the first and second group of projection systems such that each group of project systems can project an image on a display surface and configuring the first and second group of projection systems such that the first and second group of projection systems alternately project onto the display surface.

Abstract: A lighting dome that can be used to inspect semiconductor wafers includes a small aperture, and can include backlighting, a reflectance gradient and/or a broad spectrum light source. A pin hole lens is aligned with the small aperture.

Abstract: A Sorbent media exhaustion indicator produces color change when the sorbent media is saturated. The indicator's fluid inlet attach to the fluid outlet of a sorbent media device such as filter. It includes is a hollow tube or a hollow polyhedron prism that fluids flow freely through it. The indicator also includes colorimetric sensor that changes color when exposed to trace amount of toxic fluids and a trap member that prevent toxic fluids exist in the surrounding environment from changing the color of the colorimetric sensor, hence preventing false indication of sorbent media exhaustion. Another function of the trap member is to trap toxic fluids from exiting to the surrounding environment when toxic fluids breakthrough the sorbent media device.

Abstract: The spectrophotometer of the present invention measures a spectral reflectance of an object to be measured to thereby determine a color value of the object to be measured based on a color-matching function of an XYZ color system and the spectral reflectance. The spectrophotometer includes an irradiation unit configured to irradiate the object to be measured with light having a spectral intensity distribution in which a relative intensity at a wavelength at which the value of z reaches its peak in the color-matching function is equal to or greater than 0.5.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for measuring absolute value of non-linear error and an apparatus thereof. The method comprises: placing N reflecting plates jointed together at the sample port of the optical measuring instrument at the same time, wherein each of reflecting plate has a same covering area at the sample port; placing an aperture along light paths of the optical measuring instrument; adjusting the number of reflecting plates as used according to a position in the measuring range of the optical measuring instrument where the non-linear error is required to be measured; following every adjustment, acquiring the output results when the adjusted reflecting plates are placed at the sample port; performing a computation processing for non-linear error to the output results; and acquiring the non-linear error of the output results of the optical measuring instrument.

Abstract: In a color imaging system, multiple rendering devices are provided at different nodes along a network. Each rendering device has a color measurement instrument for calibrating the color presented by the rendering device. A rendering device may be a printer in which the measuring of color samples on a sheet rendered by the printer is provided by a sensor coupled to a transport mechanism which moves the sensor and sheet relative to each other, where the sensor provides light from the samples to a spectrograph. A rendering device may also be a display having a member supporting a color measuring instrument for receiving light from an area of the screen. The color measuring instruments provide for non-contact measurements of color samples rendered on a display or a sheet, and are self-calibrating by the use of calibration references.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for calibration of analog display elements such as analog interferometric modulators (IMODs). In one aspect, display devices include both a light-turning layer and integrated color sensor in order to provide feedback on the operation of the display. In particular, the integrated color sensors can be used to determine a relative shift in a color signal output by an analog display element.

Abstract: Herein are disclosed methods and devices for detecting the presence of an analyte. Such methods and devices may comprise at least one sensing element that comprises at least one optically responsive layer that comprises at least a highly analyte-responsive sublayer and a minimally analyte-responsive sublayer. Methods of making and using such sensing elements are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for conditioning a photovoltaic module for testing includes setting an effective irradiance of a continuous light source at a target plane, configuring a test photovoltaic module to operate at a substantially maximum power point configuration, positioning the test photovoltaic module adjacent to the target plane, and configuring the test photovoltaic module for testing by removing the light source, cooling the test module to a testing temperature, and reversing the substantially maximum power point configuration.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for inspecting a mold which has a porous alumina layer over its surface. The method includes providing, based on a relationship between a first parameter indicative of a thickness of the porous alumina layer and a color parameter indicative of a color of reflected light from the porous alumina layer, first color information which represents a tolerance of the first parameter of a porous alumina layer which has an uneven structure that is within a tolerance; providing a mold which is an inspection subject, the mold having a porous alumina layer over its surface; obtaining a color parameter which is indicative of a color of reflected light from the porous alumina layer of the inspection subject mold; and determining a suitability of the first parameter of the inspection subject mold based on the obtained color parameter and the first color information.

Abstract: A hand-held measurement device for appearance analyses includes a measurement array which comprises a number of illumination means for applying illumination light to a measurement field in at least three illumination directions and a number of pick-up means for capturing the measurement light in at least one observation direction. The illumination directions and the observation directions lie in a common system plane. At least one pick-up means is embodied to spectrally gauge the measurement light in a locally integral way, and at least one imaging pick-up means is embodied to gauge the measurement light in terms of colour in a locally resolved way. The spectral pick-up means and the locally resolving pick-up means are arranged such that they receive the measurement light reflected by the measurement field under the same observation conditions and in particular from the same observation direction.

Abstract: An illumination apparatus for optimal vision provided in the present invention includes an illumination module, a sensing module, and a computing module. The illumination module is utilized to generate an illuminating light with a plurality of different color temperatures for sequentially illuminating the illuminated object. The sensing module is utilized to sense a reflected light form the illuminated object. The computing module is utilized to calculate a saturation, chorma, and brightness of the illuminated object under the illuminating light by each color temperature, so as to obtain a plurality of preferred values corresponding to the color temperatures of the illuminating light, and for controlling the illumination module to illuminate by the illuminating light with the color temperature corresponding to a maximum among the preferred values. An illumination apparatus for optimal vision is further disclosed.

Abstract: A system and method for determining a state of a traffic signal. In one embodiment, a traffic signal state detector includes a lens, a color sensor, and a processor. The color sensor is configured to identify a plurality of colors of light directed to the color sensor by the lens, and a field of view of the color sensor is restricted based on dimensions of a traffic signal. The processor is coupled to the color sensor. The processor is configured to determine a color of light emitted by the traffic signal based on the colors of light identified by the color sensor.

Abstract: This invention provides a novel methods and devices for measurement of particle concentration or changes in particle concentration over a wide linear range. The invention comprises one or more radiation sources and one or more detectors contained in a housing which is interfaced to a medium containing particulate matter. The one or more radiation sources are directed into the medium, scattered or transmitted by the particulate matter, and then some portion of the radiation is detected by the one or more detectors. Methods for confining the measurement to a specific volume within the medium are described. Algorithms are provided for combining the signals generated by multiple source-detector pairs in a manner that results in a wide linear range of response to changes in particle concentration. In one embodiment the sensor provides non-invasive measurements of biomass in a bioreactor. In another embodiment an immersible probe design is described, which may be suited for one-time use.

Abstract: A method for matching colors including comparing the appearance of a first white color associated with a first color imaging system and a second white color associated with a second color imaging system, wherein the tristimulus values of the first and second white color are similar; determining a fixed correction to the tristimulus values of the second white color to achieve a visual match to the first white color; measuring a first set of spectral values for a first color associated with the first color imaging system; determining a first set of tristimulus values from the first set of spectral values; measuring a second set of spectral values for a second color associated with the second color imaging system; determining a second set of tristimulus values from the second set of spectral values; applying a correction to the tristimulus values of the second color; determining a difference between the tristimulus value of the first color and the corrected tristimulus value of the second color; and adjusting th

Abstract: Herein are disclosed methods and devices for detecting the presence of an analyte. Such methods and devices may comprise an array comprising at least two sensing elements that differ in their response to an analyte of interest. The sensing elements each comprise at least an optically responsive layer that comprises at least a highly analyte-responsive sublayer. At least one sensing element of the array further contains a minimally analyte-responsive sublayer that comprises part of the thickness of the optically responsive layer. Methods of making and using such arrays of sensing elements are also disclosed.

Abstract: The optical assemblies disclosed herein advantageously utilize a beamsplitting apparatus in association with (i) the illumination path or (ii) the collection path of a color measurement instrument. Thus, the beamsplitting apparatus may be configured to spectrally divide one or more initial beams of light to emit a plurality of resultant beams of light, wherein the optical assembly is configured to illuminate a target using at least a first and second of the plurality of resultant beams. Alternatively, the beamsplitting apparatus may be configured to spectrally divide light received from a target to emit a plurality of resultant beams of light, wherein the optical assembly is configured to detect at least a first and second of the plurality of resultant beams of light. Advantageously, each of the first and second resultant beams is a product of a distinct set of one or more spectral constraints exacted by the beamsplitting apparatus.

Abstract: A color analysis system includes a light source and a sensor configured to provide an output signal in response to reflected light received from the first light source. A controller receives the output signal and is configured to determine an adjustment factor based on the output signal, and determine a color based on the output signal and the adjustment factor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an An image processing apparatus which can restore, from a color and sensitivity mosaic image acquired using a CCD image sensor of the single plate type or the like, a color image signal of a wide dynamic range wherein the sensitivity characteristics of pixels are uniformized and each of the pixels has all of a plurality of color components is provided. A sensitivity uniformization section uniformizes the sensitivities of pixels of a color and sensitivity mosaic image to produce a color mosaic image, and a color interpolation section interpolates color components of the pixels of the color mosaic image M to produce output images R, G and B. The present invention image processing apparatus can be applied to a digital camera which converts a picked up optical image into a color image signal of a wide dynamic range.