Abstract: A ground level illumination system such as a road stud comprises a light source (12) positioned below ground level (8). An optics block (9) and a top block (2) transmit light from the source (12) to the exterior, the light rising at a shallow angle as a collimated beam in the top block (2) to emerge at a window (4) above the ground level (8). The window (4) is shaped to refract the light into a beam (16) that descends at a shallow angle relative to the ground level (8). The emerging beam (16) may be used to illuminate road markings (26) formed from luminous paint that can be re-charged by the illumination system. A feedback mechanism (82) can measure reflected light levels to maintain the optimal “charge” in the paint. A further element (84) of the system may also compare the intensity of reflected light at different wavelengths to detect the presence of fog.

Abstract: A lighting system includes a first light assembly that is configured to emit light periodically. The lighting system further includes a second light assembly that is spaced apart from the first light assembly, the second light assembly also being configured to emit light periodically. The periodic light emitted by the first and second light assemblies is synchronized such that the first and second light assemblies operate in unison to form a single light source.

Abstract: A light emitting device and a projection system adopting same. The light emitting device comprises a coherent source generating coherent light, a diffusing element, and a light guide part. The diffusing element includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other. The diffusing element disperses the coherent light to generate incoherent light. The light guide part is provided on the side of the first surface of the diffusing element and guides the coherent light from the coherent source onto the first surface to form a first light path, guides a part of incoherent light from the first surface through the first light path, guides the remaining incoherent light through a second path, and separates the first and second light paths. The luminous flux of the incoherent light emitting through the first light path is less than that of the incoherent light emitting through the second light path.

Abstract: A light source device (10) according to the present invention includes a first light source (1) and a first condensing member (2) that has a first opening (24) and that outputs output light from the first light source (1) through the first opening (24). The first condensing member (2) is constituted of a front condensing member (2a) that includes the first opening (24) and a rear condensing member (2b) that does not include the first opening (24). The rear condensing member (2b) is detachable from the first condensing member (2).

Abstract: An improved filter wheel is disclosed, through embodiments, that comprises a plurality of reflector support structures formed as a unitized structure with a circular base member. In some embodiments, the filter wheel further comprises a plurality of light sources mounted on the filter wheel.

Abstract: A lighting tube fitting apparatus, method and system that allows movement of a lighting tube about two axes while preventing rotation about the longitudinal axis of the lighting tube it. A lighting tube within one of the disclosed fittings provides greater ability to align the electrode ends of a lighting tube with electrode holders. This reduces the need for the tight tolerances that are typically required in the art of conventional tube lighting. The movement of the lighting tube is enabled in the disclosed implementation using one or more pressure arcs within a clamp body make contact with a clamp ring that holds a lighting tube in place and prevents its rotation about its own axis. The lighting tube fittings provide the additional benefit of supporting the entire weight and position of the lighting tube, eliminating the need for any additional lighting tube supports along the length of the lighting tube.

Abstract: An auxiliary reflecting mirror is manufactured by heating the central portion of a quartz glass tube and compressing the central portion by pushing two end portions of the quartz glass tube so that the wall thickness of the central portion thickens, accommodating the quartz glass tube after thickening the wall thickness of the central portion in a mold having inner surfaces formed to the reflecting surface shape, which is to be formed in an auxiliary reflecting mirror, and forming an expanded portion by expanding the central portion, of which the wall thickness was thickened, by introducing a gas from the two ends of the quartz glass tube, cutting the quartz glass tube in at least the central portion of the expanded portion, evaporating a reflecting film on the outer surface of the expanded portion and forming a reflecting surface.

Abstract: A light source for endoscopy or microscopy comprises a lamp, a heat sink, the heat sink being thermally connected to the lamp and at least one heat pipe, which is thermally connected to the heat sink and which dissipates the heat that is generated by the lamp and transferred to the heat sink.

Abstract: A light source apparatus is disclosed which allows effective cooling of an arc tube even with a small amount of wind. The light source apparatus has a light emitter and a reflector which reflects light from the light emitter and causes the reflected light to emerge. The light source apparatus also has a wind-guiding member which has a flow inlet and a flow outlet of cooling wind and has a wall portion at a position opposite to the flow inlet, the wall portion guiding the cooling wind toward the light emitter in the reflector. The light source apparatus which has a reflector to which an arc tube is fixed via a connecting member, and has a first flow path on which cooling wind from a fan flows to cool an area of the arc tube closer to the connecting member, and a second flow path on which cooling wind from the fan flows to cool an area of the arc tube closer to a light emitting portion. The second flow path is formed separately from the first flow path.

Abstract: An integral HID reflector lamp may be formed with an HID held in a reflector. An inner element is mechanically coupled to the reflector. The inner element is formed with a first mechanical coupling to mate with the reflector, a second mechanical coupling to mate with a circuit board, and an electrical coupling to at least electrically couple one of the leads to the circuit board. A circuit board has an edge mechanically coupled to the inner element and electrically connected to the leads by an electrical coupling on the inner element. A heat sink spans at least one side of the circuit board and forming an EMI shielding. An outer cover encloses the heat sink, circuit board, and inner element and coupled to the assembly of the reflector, HID lamp, inner element, and heat sink with each elements of the assembly clipped together.

Abstract: Reflector lamp, particularly metal halogen vapor reflector lamp, comprising a reflector, which is rotationally symmetric about a central axis and which encloses, together with a cover, a lamp interior and which tapers toward a neck region opposite the cover, wherein a burner comprising a burner space and also pinched seals, which lie diametrically opposite each other on opposing sides of the burner space and through which corresponding supply lines are run, is arranged on the central axis in the lamp interior, wherein a tubular shielding enclosure, which is connected to the burner by means of a spring clip, is provided at least partially surrounding the burner.

Abstract: A discharge lamp has an electrode comprising a base portion having a base portion side flange portion, and a lid portion having a lid portion side flange portion. In a sealed space of the electrode, heat conductive member is enclosed. At time of lighting, the electrode is not damaged, and the discharge lamp can be stably operated. In the electrode, the diameter direction width of a welding portion of a base portion side flat portion and a lid portion side flat portion is 0.8 to 3.0. Further, an angle formed by the base portion side flat portion and a base side slope portion is 30 degrees or less and an angle formed by the lid portion side flat portion and a lid side slope portion is 30 degrees or less. The sum total of these angle is 160 degrees or less.

Abstract: An input image signal 101 is divided into MC block units and, when coding processing is performed in these divided units, a motion compensation section 107 generates a motion-compensated prediction image 106a by detecting movement amounts in predetermined MC block units, a smoothing filter section 124 performs, with respect to the prediction image 106a, smoothing of pixels located at the boundaries of adjoining MC blocks on the basis of predetermined evaluation criteria, and a prediction residual signal 108, which is obtained from the difference between the prediction image 106b obtained by the smoothing, and the input image (input image signal 101), is encoded.

Abstract: The invention relates to a light fixture for producing an oblong luminous surface with a horizontal illuminant and a box reflector which has a curved reflector surface and planar reflector surfaces to the side enclosing the curved reflector surface, the horizontal illuminant being disposed at right angles to the planar reflector surfaces to the side, which is characterized in that the curved reflector surface is designed to produce the oblong luminous surface at right angles to the horizontal illuminant, and the planar reflector surfaces to the side are designed to sharply define the longitudinal sides of the oblong luminous surface.

Abstract: A light source device (10) includes a lamp unit (1) and a lamp cartridge (2) in which the lamp unit (1) is housed. The lamp unit (1) includes a discharge lamp (11), a reflection mirror (12) and a transparent plate (13). The reflection mirror (12) has ventilation openings (121). The lamp cartridge (2) has ventilation openings (214, 215 and 231). Fragment-passage prevention members (30, 31 and 32) are provided on the ventilation openings (214, 215 and 231). The fragment-passage prevention members (30) allow the passage of the air but prevent the passage of the fragments of the discharge lamp (11). With such an arrangement, it is possible to prevent the fragments from being scattered out of the lamp cartridge (2), even when the breakage of the discharge lamp (11) occurs.

Abstract: A light source device, including an alternating current high-pressure mercury lamp having a pair of electrodes opposite each other with a spherical light-emitting part having at least 0.15 mg/mm3 of mercury and halogen at 10?6 ?mol/mm3 to 10?2?mol/mm3, and cylindrical hermetically sealed parts extending from both ends of the light-emitting part. External leads protrude from the ends of the light-emitting part for receiving alternating current. A reflecting mirror having a concave reflecting part surrounds the light-emitting part and a cylindrical neck part. An adhesive for securing the mercury lamp and the reflecting mirror fills a periphery of the hermetically sealed parts of the mercury lamp. The distance L2 (mm) from a center in between the electrodes to the adhesive is set at a value of one of 16 mm or less and 20 mm or greater.

Abstract: A light source device (100) includes a discharge lamp (1), a reflection mirror (2), a transparent plate (3) and a case (7). The reflection mirror (2) has inlet openings (4a, 4b) and outlet openings (5a, 5b) formed in the vicinity of the front end of the reflection mirror (2). The case (7) has outlet openings (7a, 7b) disposed on the front side of the reflection mirror (2), and an inlet opening (7c) disposed on the rear side of the reflection mirror (2). The inlet opening (7c) of the case (7) allows an air to flow into the case (7) and to flow along a back surface (2b) of the reflection mirror (2). The inlet openings (4a, 4b) of the reflection mirror (2) allow the air to flow into the interior of the reflection mirror (2). The outlet openings (5a, 5b) of the reflection mirror (2) and the outlet openings (7a, 7b) of the case (7) allow the air to be exhausted out of the case (7).

Abstract: A lamp device and a projector having the lamp device eliminated of light leaking in a direction opposite to a reflecting direction at a rear end of an encapsulation fixing an arc tube on a reflection mirror is simply and inexpensively provided. An arc tube and a reflection mirror are provided. The arc tube has encapsulations one of which is inserted in a cylinder of the reflection mirror thereby securing the encapsulation and the cylinder together by an adhesive. The bulb of the arc tube and the other encapsulation are positioned on a side close to a reflection surface of the reflection mirror. The encapsulation inserted in the cylinder and positioned on a side opposite to the reflection surface has an end at least at an end face of which is covered with the adhesive thereby providing light shield.

Abstract: A light source device, includes: a light source lamp that has a light emitting tube and a pair of electrodes, the light emitting tube including a discharge space; the pair of electrodes being disposed in the discharge space of the light emitting tube; a reflector in a substantially C-shape in cross section that reflects a light beam irradiated from the light source lamp; and an unused-light reflecting member being disposed on a light irradiation front side of the reflector and including an unused-light reflecting surface, the unused-light reflecting surface reflecting unused light irradiated outside the reflector of the light beam irradiated from the light source lamp, the unused-light reflecting surface being an ellipsoidal surface that has a first focal position on a light emission center of the light source lamp and a second focal position onto which the ellipsoidal surface reflects and converges the unused light to be guided to the outside of the light source device.

Abstract: A light source device includes: a light source lamp having a light-emitting tube with a discharge space and a pair of electrodes disposed in the discharge space of the light-emitting tube; a reflector extending in a substantially concave shape in section, the reflector reflecting a light beam irradiated from the light source lamp; and a sub-reflection mirror having a reflection surface that is disposed to face a reflection surface of the reflector, the sub-reflection mirror reflecting a part of the light beam irradiated from the light source lamp toward the discharge space. The light-emitting tube has a light-emitting section having the discharge space therein and sealing sections provided on both sides of the light-emitting section.

Abstract: A luminaire assembly generally includes a reflector having a center of symmetry and a lamp supported within the reflector, wherein the lamp is offset from the reflector center of symmetry, whereby light emitted from the lamp is reflected by the reflector in an asymmetric pattern. In a method of illuminating a roadway having traffic moving in a flow direction, a luminaire having a reflector and a lamp is mounted at a side of the roadway and light emitted from the lamp is reflected with the reflector whereby a greater portion of the reflected light is directed in the traffic flow direction than is directed against the traffic flow direction.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for allowing rotational adjustment of a thread-in HID light source to a lighting fixture when in operative position in the fixture. In one aspect of the invention, a conventional thread-in arc lamp is threadably insertable into a socket that is mounted in the light fixture. A mounting interface is adapted to allow some rotation of the socket over a range.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for reducing lumen depreciation caused by other than lamp lumen depreciation. In one aspect, manufacturing and assembly of the fixture uses clean-room light techniques. In another aspect of the invention, materials that have a propensity to outgas are shielded from direct exposure to light energy. Other aspects of the invention include other methodologies to eliminate causes for lumen depreciation.

Abstract: To prevent scattering of broken pieces of a reflecting mirror even if a high pressure discharge lamp with a reflector bursts. A light source device according to the present invention is a light source device 10 that has an arc tube 1 and a reflector 2, and a cover glass 4 is externally fitted and fixed to the rear of the reflector 2 at opposite ends thereof with a gap S therebetween. With such a configuration, even if the arc tube bursts to cause a crack in the reflector, the cover glass prevents scattering of the broken pieces of the reflector.

Abstract: A discharge lamp has an electrode comprising a base portion having a base portion side flange portion, and a lid portion having a lid portion side flange portion. In a sealed space of the electrode, heat conductive member is enclosed. At time of lighting, the electrode is not damaged, and the discharge lamp can be stably operated. In the electrode, the diameter direction width of a welding portion of a base portion side flat portion and a lid portion side flat portion is 0.8 to 3.0. Further, an angle formed by the base portion side flat portion and a base side slope portion is 30 degrees or less and an angle formed by the lid portion side flat portion and a lid side slope portion is 30 degrees or less. The sum total of these angle is 160 degrees or less.

Abstract: To prevent scattering of broken pieces of a reflecting mirror even if a high pressure discharge lamp with a reflector bursts. A light source device according to the present invention is a light source device 10 that has an arc tube 1 and a reflector 2, and a cover glass 4 is externally fitted and fixed to the rear of the reflector 2 at opposite ends thereof with a gap S therebetween. With such a configuration, even if the arc tube bursts to cause a crack in the reflector, the cover glass prevents scattering of the broken pieces of the reflector.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for increasing operational life and performance of an arc tube or lamp. The method includes operating the arc tube and applying steps to encourage isothermal conditions around the arc tube. In one embodiment of the method, the arc tube (12) is rotated (40/41) during operation. Another embodiment includes directing air (32/34/26) onto the operating arc tube (12). An exemplary embodiment relates to a substantially high wattage HID unjacketed double ended arc lamp (12) operated in a substantially horizontal position, but the invention is not limited to the same.

Abstract: A lamp retainer for a UV lamp system includes a retainer bracket having a registration surface configured to engage a UV lamp to thereby facilitate accurate and repeatable positioning of the lamp in a lamp housing. The lamp retainer further comprises a retainer clip couplable to the retainer bracket and configured to bias a UV lamp toward the registration surface. The retainer clip facilitates removal and installation of the UV lamp in the lamp housing.

Abstract: A xenon arc searchlight or illumination system incorporates a quick change release and assembly so that the lamp, reflector and battery assemblies are easily field replaceable without tools. The lamp, ballast, battery and charger are provided in a single rugged package which can be sealed for field use. The searchlight is combined by an appropriate mounting adaptable with other optical detector devices such as cameras, binoculars and night vision telescopes. The beam output is similarly usable with a combination of filters to allow the most varied intensity and wavelengths for a particular application, such as smoke filled environments, surveillance employing near-infrared or infrared illumination, ultraviolet, underwater illumination or illumination with any color in the visible range.

Abstract: A light source device 41A, 41B or 41C comprising a lens 44A, 44B or 44C which receives light from a light emitting device 43 such as LED. The lens 44A is a lens having the property that the directivity of exiting light in the Y direction is higher than the directivity in the X direction perpendicular to the Y direction. Namely, the light emitted from the light emitting device 43 is condensed in a narrow angular range in the Y direction, and is scattered in a wide angular range in the X direction. When the light source device 41A is used as a light source of an illumination device of a liquid crystal device, the height direction of a light guide in which the dimension is small coincides with the Y direction, and the width direction of the light guide in which the dimension is large coincides with the X direction.

Abstract: A light source device (40) attached to an optical equipment provided with a light-source cooling fan (3) has a light source (401), a reflector (402), a light-transmissive component (51) that closes the light-irradiation side of the reflector (402) and a light source housing (50) that houses the above components. An opening (402A) for introducing a cooling air is formed on the reflector (402) and an opening (52) is formed on the light source housing (50) at a position corresponding to the light source housing (50). A duct (53) of which light-irradiation side is opened is provided on the opening (52). When the light source device (40) is attached to the optical equipment, the duct (53) protrudes toward the light-irradiation side to be connected with the fan (3). The opening (52) is opened in accordance therewith, so that the air from the fan (3) is introduced into the reflector (402).

Abstract: A light source for testing sites using a fluorescent dye is described. The light source can include a low voltage lamp or a low heat generating lamp.

Abstract: A portable battery powered high intensity lighting system that produces solar quality illumination at four to six times the efficiency of comparable incandescent lighting systems includes a light head and a power source. The light head contains an HID (high intensity discharge) arc lamp. A sealed enclosure containing a ballast is attached immediately adjacent to the lamp assembly. The ballast enclosure is preferably potted with a thermally conductive epoxy.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for increasing operational life and performance of an arc tube or lamp. The method includes operating the arc tube and applying steps to encourage isothermal conditions around the arc tube. In one embodiment of the method, the arc tube (12) is rotated (40/41) during operation. Another embodiment includes directing air (32/34/26) onto the operating arc tube (12). An exemplary embodiment relates to a substantially high wattage HID unjacketed double ended arc lamp (12) operated in a substantially horizontal position, but the invention is not limited to the same.

Abstract: A halogen lamp includes a pair of lead members, a filament bonded to and between the pair of lead members and a glass bulb encasing and sealing the filament and at least portions of the pair of lead members. The lamp further includes a support member made of non-conductive material and adapted for fixedly interconnecting legs of the pair of lead members, with the support member being disposed within the glass bulb. The lead members and the filament are bonded together by plasma welding.

Abstract: An array of photo detectors or a ground glass is employed in concert with a beam-forming reflector to generate a positional error(s) as the light source is displaced from a reference location in the vertical plane. The beam is formed by means of a small hole through the reflector on its optical axis. These error signals are interpreted visually or introduced into electronic servo loops to mechanically drive the lamp assembly to an on-axis reference location. Provision is made to move the reflector along the optical axis to achieve co alignment of the reflected image of the arc source with its direct image.

Abstract: An arc discharge lamp having the ability to be easily focused is disclosed. The lamp includes a split ball assembly mounted about one end of an arc discharge tube which can be held in place by concave portions provided in a base and a locking nut. The split ball assembly also includes a rotation limiting portion to provide the ramp with a limited degree of movement in two axes. Additionally, the split ball assembly allows the lamp to be moved in a third axis. The resulting movement of the lamp allows it to be properly focused with any reflector.

Abstract: A light bar comprises a plurality of modules and a control circuit including a power supply for selectively energizing each of the modules. Each module includes a strobe lamp having an anode and a cathode for energizing the strobe lamp and having a trigger for firing the strobe lamp, a reflector positioned adjacent the strobe lamp to reflect light emitted by the strobe lamp and a circuit including a capacitor connected to the anode and the cathode for energizing the strobe lamp. The circuit of the module connects the capacitor and the trigger to the control circuit. An incandescent lamp or a high intensity discharge lamp may be used separately or in combination with the strobe. Multicolor operation or the use of LCD panels as filters or reflectors is also contemplated.

Abstract: An off-axis optical system for collecting and condensing electromagnetic radiation utilizes an ellipsoidal reflector or a portion thereof configured so that the effects of magnification and optical aberrations (caused by the off-axis arrangement and an aspherical source envelope) are minimized. This is accomplished by the utilization of a specially designed ellipsoidal reflector having primary and secondary focal points along the major axis of the reflector or an effective reflecting portion thereof defined as that portion which is both illuminated by the source and subtended by the acceptance cone of the target.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention is a luminaire for roughly uniform illumination of a square area without side glare. The luminaire uses a horizontally oriented arc tube lamp. A basket reflector surrounds the arc tube lamp and directs light out in a square pattern. A top aperture in the basket reflector is opposite to the illuminated square area. A bottom aperture, positioned in the basket reflector, permits light from the arc tube lamp to pass out to the illuminated square area. A center reflector is centrally positioned above the top aperture and has bow-tie shaped body and a pair of ends that are orthogonally oriented to the arc tube lamp. A pair of side reflectors with a plurality of faceted reflective surfaces receive light from the arc tube lamp that has been reflected from the center reflector. The side reflectors are positioned at opposite points outside the basket structure and are centered along a line perpendicular to the arc tube lamp.

Abstract: An electronic ballast for discharge lamps comprises an open loop configuration of an impedance converter first stage and an inverter second stage linked by a limiting control stage. The impedance converter stage presents its load, passive or active, as input resistance. It draws a continuous current, through large RFI/EMI suppressing input inductors, which is switched discontinuously through a tank circuit using an energy transfer relationship based on the switch on-time and the inductance and capacitance of the tank circuit. The impedance converter stage supplies unregulated power to the inverter stage which operates stably at a fixed frequency. If an imbalance such as an overcurrent condition or an overvoltage condition develops in the system, the limiting control stage temporarily preempts the converter switching until stability is reestablished.

Abstract: A passive thermal mechanism for controlling the environmental temperature of a device having a battery and heat producing load contained within a portable housing so that the housing will remain in a thermally neutral condition and the battery will be maintained in an optimum operating condition.

Abstract: A portable soldering device comprises a short arc lamp including an alumina ceramic cylindrically shaped body with a concave opening at one end that is plated with silver to form an ellipsoidal reflector, a cathode suspended within the concave opening in opposition to an anode protruding through a hole in the center of the concave opening from the opposite end of the body, a circular iron base that supports the anode at its center and attaches to the body. The soldering device further comprises a cone-shaped hood over the flat window and a supply of inert gas attached to the hood that excludes smoke, residue and splatter from infiltrating the hood.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a fiber optic lamp system such as those employed in medical diagnostic systems using a cabinet containing a power supply having a front extendible drawer containing a 250 watt focused beam metal halide arc lamp mounted in a removable bracket which includes a sensing tab extension. The bracket sensing tab operates an electrical interlock switch when the proper lamp is properly installed. The interlock switch controls power to the system whose circuit includes pin and floating sleeve electrical connectors which automatically directly completes the circuit to the arc lamp upon the drawer being closed. The amount of light transferred to the fiber optic cable is optimized by offsetting the axis of focused light with respect to the optic cable axis at the cable interface.

Abstract: A hand held search light includes a miniaturized electronic control circuit for igniting and operating an arc lamp in the light. A lamp mounting arrangement is disclosed for shock mounting the arc lamp, including arrangement to center and focus the light beam emitted by the search light. The search light is modularized for ease of field maintenance by unskilled personnel.

Abstract: A glare control lamp and reflector assembly and method for glare control which includes a lamp and reflector for providing a controlled light beam to a target area. The reflector can be altered to alter the controlled light beam. Also, light controlling devices can be positioned on or in the reflector to control light.

Abstract: A light apparatus disclosed is high in utilization factor of light, simple in structure and suitable for mass production. The light apparatus includes a hollow single-part reflecting plate (11) having a spheroidal mirror on an inner face thereof and a discharge tube (13) mounted at a forward opening of the reflecting plate. The discharge tube has a double layer tube structure consisting of an elongated light emitting tube (16) and an outer tube (18) surrounding the light emitting tube. A reflecting face (26) is formed on the outer tube such that it connects to the spheroidal mirror to form a closed spheroidal face. The reflecting face is formed by mounting a cold mirror on a surface of the outer tube, and a light extracting portion (25) is formed on an outer wall of the outer tube by mounting a cold filter thereat.

Abstract: A hand held search light includes a miniaturized electronic control circuit for igniting and operating an arc lamp in the light. A lamp mounting arrangement is disclosed for shock mounting the arc lamp, including an arrangement to center and focus the light beam emitted by the search light. The search light is modularized for ease of field maintenance by unskilled personnel.

Abstract: A lamp power transformer circuit which is packaged in a module housing having the same size, shape and cross section as a linear lighting fixture to which it is attached. The transformer circuit is designed to rectify input 60 Hz power and to switch the DC at a high frequency through a small stepdown magnetic transformer, to produce a lamp supply voltage of 12 volts, 30 KHz. The invention produces a light weigth lamp transformer, having a high operating efficiency, and sized for attaching to a previous invention, linear lighting fixture which incorporates low voltage halogen lamps.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for increasing the amount, efficiency, and flexibility of use of light from an arc lamp. A first aspect of the invention includes an arc lamp in a lighting fixture wherein the arc tube positioned within the arc lamp has a longitudinal axis which is offset and/or tilted from the general longitudinal axis of the arc lamp. A second aspect of the invention involves methods and structures to position the arc tube of an arc lamp in a generally horizontal or vertical position irregardless of the aiming direction for the light from the arc lamp, and any related reflecting apparatus. The longitudinal axis of the arc tube can either be offset and/or tilted with respect to the longitudinal axis of the arc lamp, or they can be coaxial and the entire arc lamp can be positioned horizontally or vertically, offset and/or tilted from the aiming direction of the fixture and any attendant reflecting structure.