Abstract: The present invention provides a method, apparatus, electronic device and storage medium for computing power routing, wherein the method includes: receiving a packet which comprises an IP message; inserting network information of a first switching device in the IP message and re-encapsulating it to obtain an encapsulated packet; a second switching device collecting network information in the encapsulated packet and sending the network information to a controller; subscribing to computing power resource information and sending the information to the controller; constructing a global network topology diagram which includes multiple nodes; planning a general routing table for each node with the network information; planning a computing power routing table for each node with the network information and the computing power resource information; matching a destination routing path for the packet with a request type, wherein the path is determined according to the general routing table or the computing power.

Abstract: A node in a Segment Routing Internet Protocol version 6 (SRv6) network includes circuitry configured to, for a packet destined to a Service Function Chain (SFC), encode one or more micro-Segment Identifiers (uSIDs) for the SFC, wherein at least one uSID of the one or more uSIDs includes an Endpoint Behavior field, responsive to the at least one uSID needing one or more Arguments, include the one or more Arguments after the Endpoint Behavior field, and transmit the packet towards the SFC. The present disclosure presents various techniques to utilize uSIDs for SFC.

Abstract: A system can allow collaboration between two or more tenants in a multi-tenant system. Each tenant can share a common access to a processing space and a data storage device. Each tenant can be assigned to a virtual environment having a dedicated portion of the data storage device. The system can create a database record in a first dedicated portion assigned to the first tenant. The database record can be displayed on a user interface of the first tenant and include a collaboration tool component embedded within the database record. The database record can be transmitted to a database and transmitted from the database to a second dedicated portion of the data storage device. The second dedicated portion can be assigned to a second tenant of the multi-tenant system.

Abstract: A transmission method in a first node device of a power line communication network, the first node device being configured so as to apply a reception mode for receiving data transmitted by a second node device in one or more separate frequency bands in parallel or else in a frequency band called “extended frequency band” comprising at least two separate frequency bands, the method comprising steps of de-interleaving the data read from a buffer memory in a first de-interleaving mode specific to reception in an extended frequency band and detecting whether the de-interleaved data are coherent and, if the obtained data are coherent, recording the de-interleaved data and, if not, de-interleaving data, for each of the separate frequency bands, in a de-interleaving mode specific to the separate frequency band for which the de-interleaving is performed and, if the de-interleaved data are coherent, recording the de-interleaved data.

Abstract: An identifier update method includes: in the process of a first terminal sending data carrying a first identifier to a second terminal, the first terminal acquiring a second identifier, wherein the second identifier is used for updating the first identifier, and both the first identifier and the second identifier are used for identifying the first terminal; and the first terminal sending indication information to the second terminal, wherein the indication information is used for indicating that the second identifier carried in data subsequently sent by the first terminal to the second terminal is an update of the first identifier.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an output bus configured to store data, a match table, one or more storage devices, and logic. The match table is configured to store a plurality of entries, each entry including a key value, wherein the match table specifies a matching entry in response to being queried by the query data. The one or more storage devices are configured to store operation information for each of the plurality of entries stored in the match table. The operation information specifies one or more instructions associated with each respective entry in the plurality of entries stored in the match table. The logic is configured to receive one or more operands from the output bus, identify one or more instructions from the one or more storage devices, and generate, based on the one or more instructions and the one or more operands, processed data.

Abstract: A communication method and a device are described to compress and decompress a data packet including an ethernet header to reduce radio transmission resources of an air interface. The communication method includes determining, by a sending device, a to-be-sent data packet. The to-be-sent data packet is a data packet including an ethernet header. The method further includes determining, by the sending device, a field to be compressed in the header of the to-be-sent data packet; and compressing, by the sending device, the header of the to-be-sent data packet according to a preset method. The preset method includes: removing the field to be compressed from the header of the data packet, or replacing the field to be compressed with a corresponding short field; and sending, by the sending device, a data packet obtained after the compressing.

Abstract: The present technology relates to a transmission device, a transmission method, a reception device, and a reception method with each of which it becomes possible to perform transmission of control information according to an operation form. The reception device receives first data that includes control information, which includes information necessary for channel selection of a service, and transmission sequence information indicating a sequence in which the control information is transmitted and that is transmitted in a transmission sequence corresponding to the transmission sequence information, and controls processing on second data, which includes data of a component included in the service, on the basis of the control information acquired according to the transmission sequence information. The present technology can be applied, for example, to a television receiver.

Abstract: Techniques are described in which a centralized controller, such as a software defined networking (SDN) controller, constructs a service chain that includes a physical network function (PNF) between a bare metal server (BMS) and a virtual execution element (e.g., virtual machine or container), or in some instances a remote BMS, or vice-versa. In accordance with the techniques disclosed herein, the controller may construct an inter-network service chain that includes PNFs, or a combination of PNFs and virtualized network functions (VNFs). The controller may construct an inter-network service chain to steer traffic between a BMS and a virtual execution element or remote BMS through an inter-network service chain using Virtual Extensible Local Area Network (VXLAN) as an underlying transport technology through the service chain.

Abstract: A method includes generating quality of service requirement information which includes packet loss rate indication information. The packet loss rate indication information includes an acceptable maximum packet loss rate and a reference number of service data packets. The reference number of service data packets indicates a reference measurement number for counting the packet loss rate. The method also includes sending the quality of service requirement information.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a server may associate a channel identifier a software development kit (SDK). The channel identifier represents an in-application messaging channel of a software application that imports the SDK as part of the software application. The server may associate the channel identifier with an end user identifier. The server may receive a two-way messaging series from the message publisher. The server may receive, from a message publisher, a command to launch the two-way messaging series. The server may determine that the end user to be an intended recipient of the two-way messaging series. The server may transmit a message to the SDK via the in-application messaging channel. The server may receive a response from the SDK. The server may perform an action based on the response.

Abstract: A method according to embodiments of this application includes: A first network device sends a first packet to a second network device, where the first packet includes first indication information, and the first indication information indicates a support status of an iFIT capability corresponding to the first network device or a first service module included in the first network device. The first network device sends the packet to the second network device, to notify the support status of the IFIT capability of the first network device. In this way, the second network device can determine, based on the iFIT capability of the first network device, whether to encapsulate a measurement header, to avoid that a service packet cannot be correctly processed because the first network device cannot strip the measurement header from the service packet.

Abstract: An Ethernet frame transmission method and a communications device are provided. The method includes: removing a specified field from an Ethernet frame; and transmitting the Ethernet frame with the specified field removed to a second device.

Abstract: A method includes: A control plane of a network device obtains a first MAC entry, and sends the first MAC entry and a first identifier to a forwarding plane of the network device. The forwarding plane stores the first MAC entry in a first MAC table, and a state of the first MAC entry is set to a valid state. The forwarding plane changes the state of the first MAC entry to an invalid state after first preset duration elapses and when a first preset condition is met, and sets invalid duration for the first MAC entry. The first preset condition is that the forwarding plane does not receive traffic corresponding to a first MAC address within the first preset duration after storing the first MAC entry.

Abstract: A routing system can provide a Dynamic-Hybrid Forwarding Information Base (DHFIB). A control component of the routing system can build a routing table that includes routing information (e.g., prefixes, addresses, etc.) for use by a first routing component. The routing table can be ordered or ranked based on traffic information from the first routing component. Then, the control component can create the DHFIB from the routing table, wherein the DHFIB is a portion of the routing table and related to the first routing component. As such, the portion of the routing table selected for the DHFIB can be the set of prefixes in the routing table that represent the most frequently routed or most important prefixes in the routing table. Finally, the control component can forward the DHFIB to the first routing component to allow the routing component to route communications.

Abstract: Systems and methods for enabling Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) over a selected reverse path are provided. A process, according to one implementation, include sending an echo request in a forward direction from an initiator node to a reflector node. For example, the initiator node and reflector node may be configured to operate in a network having no or different centralized controller that manages both the initiator node and reflector node. The echo request may be sent to the reflector node to discover a reverse path in a reverse direction from the reflector node to the initiator node. Also, the reverse path is discovered for the purpose of initiating a Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) or Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) Ping procedure.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes identifying, by a network component, a first segment identifier (SID) within a SID list. The first SID includes a first SID block and a first micro SID (uSID). The method also includes initializing, by the network component, a packing list of a uSID carrier with the first uSID of the first SID and initializing, by the network component, a packing block of the uSID carrier with the first SID block of the first SID. The method further includes initializing, by the network component, a remaining packing capacity of the packing list with a carrier capacity of the first SID and initializing, by the network component, an empty compressed SID list.

Abstract: A method of transmitting data, a UE, a network side device and a computer readable storage medium are provided. The method of transmitting data is applicable to the UE and includes: transmitting, by the UE, duplicated transmission data to different radio link control (RLC) entities respectively when a network side configures or activates a packet duplication mode for a bearer; transmitting, by one of the different RLC entities, the transmission data through one of logical channels to a master medium access control (MAC) entity and transmitting, by each of the others of the different RLC entities, the transmission data through a different one of the logical channels to a different one of one or more secondary MAC entities; and transmitting, by the master MAC entity and the one or more secondary MAC entities, the transmission data to the network side through different carriers.

Abstract: Systems and methods for a virtual network routing gateway that supports address translation for data plane as well as dynamic routing protocols are disclosed herein. The method can include coupling a gateway with a plurality of ports to a network having a plurality of first IP addresses in a private address space, generating a Network Address Translation (“NAT”) function in the gateway, inputting translation information into the NAT function, advertising routes based on the translation information, populating a unified routing table in the gateway based on the plurality of first IP addresses in the private address space and on translated route advertisements, receive an inbound network packet at the gateway, translating an inbound address of the inbound network packet with the NAT function, and delivering the network packet according to the routing table and based on the translated inbound address.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the invention provide a forwarding element (e.g., a switch, a router, etc.) that has one or more data plane, message-processing pipelines with key-value processing circuits. The forwarding element's data plane key-value circuits allow the forwarding element to perform key-value services that would otherwise have to be performed by data compute nodes connected by the network fabric that includes the forwarding element. In some embodiments, the key-value (KV) services of the forwarding element and other similar forwarding elements supplement the key-value services of a distributed set of key-value servers by caching a subset of the most commonly used key-value pairs in the forwarding elements that connect the set of key-value servers with their client applications.

Abstract: A Wi-Fi controller identifies a mismatch between a first prefix of a first IPv6 address for a data packet corresponding to a first VLAN on which the data packet was sent from the station to the access point, and a prefix of a second IPv6 address for a second VLAN from which the data packet was transmitted from the access point to the Wi-Fi controller. Responsive to the VLAN mismatch identification, the Wi-Fi controller transmits an RA to the station with a preferred lifetime of 0, wherein subsequent communications use the second IPv6 address.

Abstract: A path calculation method, apparatus, and device, to implement network slicing. The path calculation method includes: obtaining an algorithm constraint supported by each of a plurality of network devices, where the algorithm constraint is a constraint of a forwarding path algorithm, and the forwarding path algorithm is used to calculate, for the network device, a forwarding path that meets the algorithm constraint; performing network topology division on the plurality of network devices, where network devices in a same network topology support a same algorithm constraint; and calculating a forwarding path between network devices in each network topology based on the algorithm constraint, of the forwarding path algorithm, corresponding to the network topology.

Abstract: A system and method for network control and optimization may be integrated into an application executed by a computing device so that the application and/or the user of the application can control the digital data network by which the application may access remote data. In one embodiment, the digital data network may include a cellular digital data network and a WiFi network.

Abstract: A display apparatus, an electronic apparatus, and operating methods thereof. The display apparatus includes a display, a memory to store one or more instructions, and a processor configured to execute the one or more instructions stored in the memory. The processor executes the one or more instructions to receive a request for a connection with an electronic apparatus, identify a host address in an Internet protocol (IP) address of the display apparatus by referring to a subnet mask of the display apparatus, convert the identified host address into a string comprising one or more characters according to a predefined scheme, display the string on the display, receive a connection request from the electronic apparatus based on representation of the IP address of the display apparatus according to the string displayed on the display, and establish the connection with the electronic apparatus having transmitted the request for the connection.

Abstract: An object of the present disclosure is to make it possible to measure an IP flow corresponding to time-varying, high-speed traffic. The present disclosure is a device that monitors traffic in a network, the device comprising a memory that records, for each flow in the network, metadata and flow information to be used in measurement, wherein a traffic state is forecasted using a packet flowing in the network; and a recording area for the metadata and the flow information in the memory is set based on the forecasted traffic state.

Abstract: A novel method for performing replication of messages in a network that bridges one or more physical networks to an overlay logical network is provided. A physical gateway provides bridging between network nodes of a physical network and virtual machines in the overlay logical network by serving as an endpoint of the overlay logical network. The physical gateway does not replicate messages from the bridged physical network to destination endpoints in the overlay logical network directly, but instead tunnels the message-to-be-replicated to a designated tunnel endpoint in the overlay logical network. The designated tunnel endpoint in turn replicates the message that was tunneled to it to other endpoints in the overlay logical network.

Abstract: Enabling a protocol for efficiently and reliably using the NVME protocol over a network, referred to as NVME over Network, or NVMEoN, may include an NVMEoN exchange layer for handling exchanges between initiating and target nodes on a network, a burst transmission protocol that provides guaranteed delivery without duplicate retransmission, and an exchange status block approach to manage state information about exchanges.

Abstract: Systems and methods for using InfiniBand routing algorithms for Ethernet fabrics in a high performance computing environment. The method can provide, at a computer comprising one or more microprocessors, a plurality of switches, a plurality of hosts, a topology provider (TP) module, a routing engine (RE) module, and a switch initializer (SI) module. The method can perform a discovery sweep, by the TP, of the plurality of hosts and the plurality of switches and assigns an address to each of the plurality of hosts and the plurality of switches. The method can calculate, by the routing engine, a routing map, based upon a routing scheme, for the plurality of hosts and the plurality of switches, the routing map comprising a plurality of forwarding tables. The method can configure, each of the plurality of switches with a forwarding table of the plurality of forwarding tables calculated by the routing engine.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for processing a received packet based on associated state information. A packet processor of a network device receives a packet from a network. The received packet is classified as belonging to at least one respective identified flow from among a plurality of identified flows. For a respective received packet that belongs to an identified flow a current state value for the identified flow is ascertained based on a state table. The current state value is assigned to the respective received packet based on the current state value using the state table for the identified flow. A packet processing operation is subsequently performed on the respective received packet based in part on the state value of the identified flow to which the respective packet belongs.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer-readable media for requesting a cellular IP address by initiating a call with a modem, establishing data packet network connectivity with the cellular IP address, assigning the cellular IP address to a virtual L2-bridge interface, wherein the virtual L2-bridge interface includes a MAC address, mapping a MAC address of a virtual machine with the MAC address of the virtual L2-bridge interface, detecting a change in the cellular IP address, and updating the virtual L2-bridge interface with a different cellular IP address while maintaining the data packet network connectivity.

Abstract: A network device may receive policy data identifying a first segment routing (SR) policy and a second SR policy. The first SR policy may be associated with a first path through a network and a first next hop, and the second SR policy may be associated with a second path through the network and a second next hop. The network device may advertise, to another device, reachability associated with the first next hop and the second next hop, and may receive, from the other device, a packet with a header. The network device may determine, from the header, data identifying the first next hop or the second next hop, without performing a lookup, and may cause the packet to be routed to a destination address, via the first path or the second path, based on the policy data associated with the first next hop or the second next hop.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for receiving a packet from a client, the packet having header information including a destination Internet Protocol (IP) address, a destination port, a source IP address, and a source port, and wherein the source IP address and source port are associated with the client; selecting a destination virtual machine based on the destination port; modifying the packet by replacing the destination IP address in the header information with an IP address of the selected destination virtual machine; and sending the modified packet to the destination virtual machine.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer-readable media relate to providing a network management service. A system is configured to request first network information from a first component of a network using a public IP address for the first component, wherein the first network information includes private IP addresses for a second component in the network and translate, based on a mapping information for a private IP address space to a public IP address space, the private IP address for a second component to a public IP address for the second component. The system is further configured to request second network information from the second component using the public IP address and provide a network management service for the network based on the second network information.

Abstract: Methods and systems of segmenting computing devices in a wireless network having an access point broadcasting in a single domain are described. In an exemplary method, a request to join the wireless network is received from a computing device. The request is associated with an identifier. When the identifier is not associated with a virtual network within the wireless network, a virtual network is configured within the wireless network and the identifier is associated thereto and the computing device is assigned thereto. When the identifier is associated with an existing virtual network within the wireless network, the computing device is assigned to the existing virtual network.

Abstract: Examples are disclosed for systems and methods for supporting transmission of audio streams (e.g., streams of audio data or audio information) for different audio signals to different end-point devices. In one embodiment, a method comprises forming, with a Bluetooth® Classic or BR/EDR based master circuitry, a piconet with a plurality of Bluetooth® Classic or BR/EDR based slave circuitries through a respectively corresponding plurality of point-to-point wireless connections; and generating, from the master circuitry, a plurality of streams of packets respectively corresponding to the plurality of point-to-point wireless connections, wherein the plurality of streams of packets respectively correspond to a plurality of distinct transport identifiers; wherein the plurality of streams of packets carry audio data for different audio channels; and wherein the plurality of streams of packets are for BR/EDR transmission in compliance with revision 2.0 of the Bluetooth® core specification.

Abstract: Leaf nodes of a tree structure, also having a root node and intermediate nodes, communicate with endpoints via access networks and store mappings from permanent virtual IP (VIP) addresses for the endpoints to physical IP (PIP) addresses for the endpoints on the access networks. The root node and intermediate nodes store pointers for the endpoints' leaf nodes and associated access networks. When a connection setup request (CSR) for a destination endpoint is received from a corresponding node, the receiving leaf node passes the CSR up through the tree structure to a lowest common ancestor (LCA) node for the receiving leaf node and one or more destination leaf nodes associated with the destination endpoint. The LCA node uses its pointers to pass the CSR down towards the one or more destination leaf nodes, which use the corresponding VIP-to-PIP mappings to forward the CSR to the destination endpoint.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to data communication systems and techniques thereof. In a specific embodiment, the present invention provides a network connector that includes an interface for connecting to a host. The interface includes a circuit for utilizing two data paths for the host. The circuit is configured to transform the host address to different addresses based on the data path being used. There are other embodiments as well.

Abstract: Routing of a traffic in a fabric network may be provided. A first traffic may be received at a first node. It may be determined that the first traffic is coming from a provider virtual network. In response to determining that the first traffic is coming from the provider virtual network, it may be determined that a first subnet associated with the first traffic is associated with a subscriber virtual network. In response to determining that the first subnet associated with the first traffic is associated with the subscriber virtual network, a first virtual network associated with the first traffic may be changed to the subscriber virtual network. A lookup for the first traffic may be changed to a first virtual routing and forwarding of the subscriber virtual network.

Abstract: A method, computer program product, and computer system for splitting, by a computing device, a plurality of physical Ethernet ports into at least two logical devices, wherein the at least two logical devices may have different media access control (MAC) addresses. A first device of the at least two logical devices may be used in an independent mode. A second device of the at least two logical devices may be used as a slave interface. A selective bypass schema may be executed for traffic on the plurality of physical Ethernet ports.

Abstract: A method includes determining a network connection path that passes through m reference network devices, where m?1, and the m reference network devices are located in a network domain and are coupled to a device outside the network domain, determining a device configuration requirement of a first network connection service for each of n reference network devices that the network connection path passes through, where m?n?1, and determining that the network connection path is one of paths of the first network connection service when the device configuration meets the device configuration requirement.

Abstract: A method and apparatus perform a first hash operation on a first key wherein the first hash operation is biased to map the first key and associated value to a set of frequently-accessed buckets in a hash table. An entry for the first key and associated value is stored in the set of frequently-accessed buckets. A second hash operation is performed on a second key wherein the second hash operation is biased to map the second key and associated value to a set of less frequently-accessed buckets in the hash table. An entry for the second key and associated value is stored in the set of less frequently-accessed buckets. The method and apparatus perform a hash table look up of the requested key in the set of frequently-accessed buckets, if the requested key is not found, then a hash table lookup is performed in the set of less frequently-accessed buckets.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to securing workloads of a network by identifying compromised elements in communication with the network and preventing their access to network resources. In one aspect, a method includes monitoring network traffic at network elements of a network; detecting a compromised element in communication with one or more of the network elements, the compromised element being associated with at least one network threat; and based on a defined network policy, applying one of a number of different access prevention schemes to the compromised element to prevent access to the network by the compromised element.

Abstract: A method of propagating data packets in a network of nodes is disclosed. The method, implemented at one of the nodes, includes: collecting a set of first data packets during a first time period, the set including at least one data packet received from one or more first nodes in the network; obtaining a plurality of encoded data packets, each one of the plurality of encoded data packets being generated by combining two or more first data packets of the set using network coding; determining a mapping of the plurality of encoded data packets and the first data packets of the set to one or more neighbouring nodes connected to the node; and transmitting the plurality of encoded data packets and the first data packets of the set to the one or more neighbouring nodes according to the determined mapping.

Abstract: In cloud computing, for various reasons such as load-balancing, hotspot elimination, server consolidation, energy and cost savings, and system maintenance, there is a need to migrate a virtual sub-network of virtual entities from a source network of servers to a destination set of servers. Existing migration methods are limited to the migration of VM memory and controller states, where network entities are migrated individually. Embodiments of this disclosure include systems and methods for the stateful live migration of a multi-layer network, while maintaining live state convergence and consistency, and preventing network connection losses, packet disordering and packet drops.

Abstract: An ROP attack protection apparatus constituted of: a first region of memory having stored therein a protection function, the first region of memory set as executable; and a second region of memory having stored thereon a plurality of operation functions, the second region of memory set as non-executable, wherein the protection function is arranged to: responsive to a call to one of the plurality of operation functions and further responsive to at least one predetermined rule, allow execution of the called operation function; and after receiving a return from the executed operation function, set the executed operation function as non-executable.

Abstract: In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided that improve data packet exchange between a UE in an inactive mode and a network. In certain configurations, the apparatus may receive, from a user equipment (UE) in an active mode, a first packet including a first identifier associated with an anchor base station, a second identifier associated with a UE context, and a payload. The apparatus may identify the anchor base station based at least in part on one or more of the first identifier associated with the anchor base station or the second identifier associated with the UE context. The apparatus may transmit a second packet to the anchor base station. The second packet may include at least a portion of the first packet.

Abstract: In embodiments of systems and methods for managing acknowledgement packets in an uplink data packet stream including secure or encrypted data packets, a computing device may identify uplink acknowledgement (UL ACK) packets within the uplink data packet stream, and may accelerate processing of the identified UL ACK packets. In some embodiments, UL ACK packets may be identified based on whether packet lengths of packets meet a packet length threshold or meet a packet length range. In some embodiments, UL ACK packets may be identified based on information for identifying such packets receiving via a cross-layer application program interface (API). In some embodiments, UL ACK packets based whether packets include a specified differentiated services field codepoint (DSCP) in a packet header portion that is not encrypted.

Abstract: A method may include orienting a set of solar power units in a first position in which rows of solar power units are shaded by adjacent rows of solar power units; and monitoring energy generated by the set of solar power units over a window of time, that includes from when the set of solar power units are oriented in the first position until a sun angle corresponds to none of the rows being shaded by the adjacent rows. The method may include identifying a knee in energy generation during the first window of time, where the knee indicates a transition from higher to lower rates of change of energy generation at a given solar angle. The method may include plotting a trajectory of future orientation positions over time of the set of solar power units that include an orientation and time corresponding to the given solar angle.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for congestion notification in network communications, including multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) network communications. In one or more implementations, an MPLS node that receives a data packet and detects congestion may generate a cloned copy of the data packet, add congestion information, such as a congestion notification label and a congestion notification header, into the data packet, and forward the cloned copy with the congestion notification label and the congestion notification header to a next MPLS node. The next MLPS node may, responsive to receiving the cloned copy with the congestion information, provide one packet with the congestion information to a subsequent node, and another packet with the congestion information to the node from which the cloned copy was received.

Abstract: Techniques for using application network requirements and/or telemetry information from a first networking technology to enhance operation of a second networking technology and optimize wide area network traffic are described herein. The techniques may include establishing a communication network for use by applications of a scalable application service platform, the communication network including a first networking technology and a second networking technology. In this way, a request to establish a connection for use by an application may be received by the first networking technology. The request may include an indication of a threshold service level of the connection. In response to the request, the first networking technology may determine whether the second networking technology is capable of hosting the connection.