Abstract: In certain embodiments, a communication network has a specialized ingress node that converts one or more incoming flows into a single, packetized, time-division multiplexed (TDM) flow; a switch fabric that routes the TDM flow via a fixed path through the switch fabric in a contention-free manner; and a specialized egress node that converts the TDM flow received from the switch fabric into one or more outgoing flows corresponding to the one or more incoming flows. The technology turns legacy, best-effort packet-switching into deterministic circuit-switching for a programmable selection of flows with minimal impact on network dynamics and at relatively low cost.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide methods, computer program products, and systems. Embodiments of the present invention can identify a network request as being deferrable and embed data of the deferrable network request within a header of a suitable carrier network request for sending to a remote server. Embodiments of the present invention can receive a carrier network request with embedded data of a deferrable network request within a header of the carrier network request. Embodiments of the present invention can then parse the embedded data from the header into a separate request message for actioning at the server.

Abstract: A communication system and an operation method thereof are provided. The transmitting device transmits the current data unit and the transmitted data verification information to the receiving device through the communication interface, and records the current data unit in an FIFO buffer. The receiving device counts the received data identification value by itself based on the current data unit received from the communication interface. The receiving device uses the received data identification value and the transmitted data verification information to check whether the current data unit received from the communication interface has errors. When the current data unit is in error, the receiving device returns an error flag to the transmitting device so that the transmitting device suspends the transmission of the new data unit, and transmits the buffered data unit recorded in the FIFO buffer to the receiving device through the communication interface.

Abstract: An amount of storage space required to maintain counter information for a storage system is reduced without reducing a temporal granularity or tracking granularity of the counter information. Rather than periodically recording actual (i.e., raw) counter values for counters, difference (i.e., delta) values may be recorded. For a given counter, a difference (delta value) between a value of the counter for a given point in time (PIT) and a value of the counter for a previous PIT may be determined, and this delta value may be stored as opposed to storing the raw counter value. This delta value may be a significantly smaller value than the raw value. To further reduce the amount of storage space required, no value may be stored for a counter for a given PIT if it is determined that there is no difference between a counter value for the given PIT and a previous PIT.

Abstract: A system includes a first cross-point switch receiving a first plurality of clock inputs and outputting a first plurality of clock outputs, a first plurality of buffering devices receiving the first plurality of clock outputs and outputting a first plurality of buffered clock signals synchronized with each other, a first plurality of connectors receiving the first plurality of buffered clock signals and outputting a plurality of blade signals to a plurality of blades. Each blade includes a plurality of programmable logic devices, an operation of which is synchronized based on the first plurality of clock inputs. Each blade includes a second cross-point switch to receive a blade signal of the plurality of blade signals. The second cross-point switch outputs a second plurality of clock outputs based on the received blade signal, and the second plurality of clock outputs are provided to the programmable logic devices.

Abstract: An ADC sampling data identification method and system, integrated circuit and decoding device are disclosed. The ADC sampling data identification method includes in the integrated circuit, converting sampling data from n time interleaved ADC chips into serial data, generating a preamble sequence, combining the serial data with the generated preamble sequence to obtain new serial data, sending the new serial data to a decoding device, generating a clock signal that matches the new serial data, and sending the clock signal to the decoding device; and in the decoding device, receiving the new serial data and the clock signal from the ADC integrated circuit, obtaining the preamble sequence for combining according to an agreement with the ADC integrated circuit, and identifying a start position of the sampling data from the time interleaved ADC chips.

Abstract: Techniques are described for expanding and/or improving the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) 3.0 television protocol in robustly delivering the next generation broadcast television services. Signaling indicates where the first few segments of a changed-to broadcast service can be obtained on the broadband network. Segments not including the live edge segments are downloaded and played immediately to reduce perceived latency in the service change until the broadcast segments arrive for presentation.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a method receives a probability distribution of a likelihood that a user might view one or more tiles in one or more segments of a video. The video is encoded in different profiles that are associated with different bitrates. An available bandwidth is determined. Then, the method selects a profile for each tile in a segment of the video based on the available bandwidth and the probability distribution for the tiles and sends a request for a respective profile for each tile for playback of the segment of the video.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and methods for a wireless device to perform data stall mitigation. The wireless device may establish, at an HTTP layer of the wireless device, a data connection over a first network interface of the wireless device. The wireless device may compare an available duration of data in a data buffer associated with the data connection to a first threshold and notify, in response to the available duration approaching the first threshold, at least one lower layer of the wireless device of an emergency deadline. At least one lower layer may perform one or more remedial actions to avoid and/or mitigate a data stall.

Abstract: A data sending method includes receiving, by a forwarding device using a first flexible Ethernet (FlexE) group and in multiple timeslots included in a first timeslot set, multiple first encoded data blocks from a physical coding sublayer (PCS), determining, by the forwarding device according to the timeslots included in the first timeslot set and the first FlexE group, a second FlexE group and multiple timeslots included in a second timeslot set, and sending, by the forwarding device, the first encoded data blocks using the second FlexE group and in the timeslots included in the second timeslot set.

Abstract: A battery management system includes a primary module in wireless communication with a plurality of sensing, or secondary, modules over a range of frequencies within a predetermined frequency band. Each of the primary module and the sensing modules can be configured to transmit with an antenna polarization setting chosen from a plurality of polarization settings. Each of the sensing modules is configured to communicate with the primary with a predetermined one of its polarization settings for each channel. The primary module is also configured to communicate with a respective secondary module with a predetermined polarization setting for each channel.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a system includes a number of application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs). At least one of the ASICs is configured to process incoming data packets and outgoing data packets. At least one of the ASICs is configured to move data between a respective networking module and a destination networking module. The system also includes a cable backplane having a number of parallel cables configured to transmit data between the number of ASICs.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a wireless mix monitor system is provided in which the musicians have one or more wearable electronic devices that may receive digital audio over a wireless connection to a computer. The channels monitored by a given user may be mixed on the computer, on the devices, or on a combination of the computer and the devices. The musicians may be freed from a fixed mix monitor, allowing easy movement about the stage or performance space. Audio buffering and upsampling/downsampling may be used to manage temporal discontinuities in the audio stream.

Abstract: Apparatuses, methods, and systems for internet-enabled data for transparent application consumption over unstructured supplementary service data are disclosed. One method includes generating, by an application, IP (internet protocol) packets, encapsulating, by a proxy interface, the IP packets into protocol data units (PDUs), generating frames of data for facilitating communication through a wireless link, wherein the frames include data slots and control information slots, identifying, by the base station, unused control information slots of the frames of data, scheduling transmission of a stream of the PDUs over the unused control information slots for a full-time duration of the unused control information slots, inserting the PDUs into one or more of the scheduled control information slots of the frames of data as specified by the scheduling, and transmitting, by the computing device, the frames of data through the wireless link to the base station on the scheduled control information slots.

Abstract: A system for evaluating available channels in a multi-channel WLAN telecommunication system is provided. The system includes a wireless Access Point (AP) configured to provide communication over a plurality of Very High Throughput (VHT) channels. The system further includes a plurality of mobile stations (STAs) operating in the plurality of VHT channels. The system further includes a network monitoring device. The network monitoring device is configured and operable to capture a plurality of VHT data frames exchanged between the wireless AP and the plurality of STAs. The network monitoring device is further configured and operable to decode at least a portion of each of the captured plurality of VHT data frames to identify utilized VHT channel and extract channel allocation information associated with the identified VHT channel and to generate a quality score for the identified VHT channel based on the extracted channel allocation information.

Abstract: A system for detecting and defeating a drone is disclosed which includes a detection antenna array configured to detect the drone and a control signal of the drone in a 360 degree field, the detection antenna array being further configured to detect the directionality of the drone with reference to the most dominant of the control signal of the drone detected by each of a plurality of antennas within the detection antenna array; a neutralization system disposed in communication with the detection antenna array; the neutralization system including a transmission antenna configured to transmit an override signal to the detected drone, an amplifier configured to modulate a gain of the override signal, and a processing device configured to generate the override signal and control transmission of the override signal.

Abstract: A data sending method, where the method includes receiving, by a forwarding device using a first flexible Ethernet (FlexE) group and in multiple timeslots included in a first timeslot set, multiple first encoded data blocks from a physical coding sublayer (PCS), determining, by the forwarding device according to the timeslots included in the first timeslot set and the first FlexE group, a second FlexE group and multiple timeslots included in a second timeslot set, and sending, by the forwarding device, the first encoded data blocks using the second FlexE group and in the timeslots included in the second timeslot set. The forwarding device does not need to process the first encoded data blocks in a conventional layer 2 or layer 3 forwarding mode. Therefore, a processing delay can be reduced, and a transmission delay can be reduced.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a bus device and a corresponding bus system. Furthermore, the present disclosure relates to a corresponding method of operating a bus device. In accordance with a first aspect of the present disclosure there is provided a bus device comprising a bus protocol controller with a transmit data output and a bus transceiver with a transmit data input coupled to the transmit data output of the bus protocol controller, wherein the bus protocol controller is configured to provide a serial bit stream designated for transmission through a bus via the transmit data output of the bus controller and via the transmit data input to the bus transceiver and to provide a switching signal within the serial bit stream, and wherein the bus transceiver is configured to switch between different operating modes in response to the switching signal.

Abstract: Provided are a method and system for allocating wavelength channels in a Passive Optical Network (PON), and an Optical Line Terminal (OLT). In the method, an OLT may acquire pre-set wavelength channel priority information and Optical Network Unit (ONU) priority information; and the wavelength channel priority information and the ONU priority information may be sent to each ONU to enable each ONU to selectively access a corresponding wavelength channel according to the wavelength channel priority information and the ONU priority information based on a pre-set rule.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a method for sending an optical transport network (OTN) signal, including: acquiring, by a network element (an OTN device), a first OTN signal, and determining a to-be-deleted timeslot in the first OTN signal; deleting the to-be-deleted timeslot in the first OTN signal, to form a second OTN signal; and sending the second OTN signal by using an optical module, where a transmission rate of the second OTN signal adapts to a transmission rate of the optical module.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and method of inserting a secondary stream of digital frames into a primary stream of digital frames without transcoding any of the streams, where the primary stream is encoded according to a first format and the secondary stream is encoded according to a second format where each frame is independent of a succeeding frame. The approach comprises receiving a requested splice-out point in the primary stream; determining an optimal splice-out point in the primary stream in dependence upon the requested splice-out point; receiving a requested splice-in point in the primary stream; determining an optimal splice-in point in the primary stream in dependence upon the requested splice-out point; and replacing the section of the primary stream between the optimal splice-out point and the optimal splice-in point with the secondary stream.

Abstract: Systems and methods discussed herein are associated with initiating and maintaining multi-way stateful conversations with mobile communication devices with varying capabilities and network support that may be located in different nations worldwide. These stateful conversations may involve one or more messages to mobile devices which may be sent based upon previous responses or response histories of the mobile devices. The system's users may also be able to query the system to better support the requesting party and to work with and among other users of the system.

Abstract: Provided are Controller Area Network (CAN) controller and a data transmission method using the same. The CAN controller includes a receiver, a reception First in First out (FIFO) memory, a transmission FIFO memory, and a transmitter. The receiver is configured to analyze reception information received from a CAN bus according to a set protocol. The reception FIFO memory is configured to store the reception information to be overwritten on previously stored reception information based on identification data of the reception information and a bus load. The transmission FIFO memory is configured to store the transmission information to be overwritten on previously stored transmission information based on identification data of the transmission information and a processor load of the processor. The transmitter is configured to set the protocol and transmit the transmission information stored in the transmission FIFO memory to the CAN bus.

Abstract: System for increasing bandwidth available for data communication is provided. The system (100) includes user equipment (102) and an intermediate server (104). The user equipment (102) is configured to allocate data to a plurality of data channels (106) for transmission to the intermediate server (104), wherein each of the data channels (106) is associated with a radio access technology (108). The user equipment (102) sends the allocated data via the plurality of data channels (106) simultaneously to a destination server via the intermediate server (104). The user equipment (102) is also configured to receive data from the destination server via the intermediate server (104) via the plurality of data channels (106) simultaneously, and assemble data received from the intermediate server (104) via the plurality of data channels (106).

Abstract: Accessing data stored on a remote server includes determining a first address of a first server where a block of data identified by a key has been moved from a second server to the first server, the second server having a second address. A first entry of a switch flow table of a datacenter network is updated to indicate that received packets with a destination address including the second address are to be overwritten with the first address. The data center network includes a plurality of physical network switches. A second entry in the switch flow table may be configured to forward packets with the first address to a first port associated with the first server and a first set of the switches. If the second entry is not already present in the table, the second entry may be inserted into the switch flow table.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for encoding frameless packets. One of the methods includes receiving a data payload to be transmitted. The data payload is partitioned into multiple payload words, each payload word being of a predetermined size. A first sync word is added to each of the multiple payload words. A control word comprising label and an error checking value is added. A second sync word is added to the label and error checking word. If one or more counter criteria are satisfied while transmitting the multiple payload words, an idle word is transmitted before transmitting the label and error checking word.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods configured to encode and decode multi-layer video are provided. A method of prediction-decoding a multi-layer video includes obtaining information indicating whether a decoded picture buffer (DPB) storing a first layer and a DPB storing a second layer operate identically, and operating the DPB storing the second layer based on the obtained information.

Abstract: There is provided an information processing device including a receiving unit for receiving a command to be input to a first operating system and a command to be input to a second operating system different from the first operating system, a storage unit for storing a table in which given information included in the given command received by the receiving unit and information for identifying an application are related to each other, a generation unit for generating an application selection command for selectively executing the application based on the given command received by the receiving unit and the table stored in the storage unit, and an execution unit for executing the application selection command generated by the generation unit to selectively execute the application.

Abstract: A radiation detection device, a system, a method, or a computer program product are used in timestamping detected radiation quanta. The device includes an optical detector pixel array, a timestamp trigger unit and a timing unit. The timestamp trigger unit determines a pixel cell triggering rate for pixel cells within the optical detector pixel array. The timestamp trigger unit causes the timing unit to generate a timestamp based on the pixel cell triggering rate.

Abstract: A video stream demultiplxer receives video streams comprising a selected current content channel and one or more adjacent content channels. Time stamp management is concurrently performed on the adjacent content channels while decoding the selected current content channel. Timing information such as Decoding Time Stamp (DTS) and Presentation Time Stamp (PTS) values, and/or random access points (RAPs) may be determined for pictures stored for the selected current content channel and the adjacent content channels. The determined timing information is utilized to determine a Program Clock Reference (PCR) value for each of the selected current channel and the adjacent channels for channel monitoring. A timebase, derived from a PCR rate that is determined based on the determined PCR value, is determined for decoding the selected current content channel. An adjacent content channel, which is primed during decoding of the selected current content channel, may be directly decoded for display if selected.

Abstract: A timing controller includes an image determining part configured to determine whether an input image is a static image based on input image data, a signal controller configured to shift a timing of a first data enable signal to generate a second data enable signal when the input image is the static image, and a signal generator configured to generate control signals based on the second data enable signal.

Abstract: A measuring device serves to determine an active channel from a plurality of channels of known frequencies. In this context, it comprises a processor (11) which, in turn, comprises a transform unit (20). This transform unit (20) is embodied to transform the signal which contains the active channel or a signal (30) derived from this signal into a signal in the frequency domain (31). The processor (11) further contains a detection unit (28), which is embodied to detect the active channel in the signal in the frequency domain (31).

Abstract: An network processor is described that is configured to multicast multiple data packets to one or more engines. In one or more implementations, the network processor includes an input/output adapter configured to parse a plurality of tasks. The input/output adapter includes a multicast module configured to determine a reference count value based upon a maximum multicast value of the plurality of tasks. The input/output adapter is also configured to set a reference count decrement value within the control data portion of the plurality of tasks. The reference count decrement value is based upon the maximum multicast value. The input/output adapter is also configured to decrement the reference count value by a corresponding reference count decrement value upon receiving an indication from an engine.

Abstract: A method of switching a transport stream, (TS) such as an MPEG-2 TS, receives a plurality of input streams, receives a switching command for a first input stream, among the plurality of input streams, that is currently being output, searches for an out-point of the first input stream and an in-point of a second input stream to be newly output, in response to the switching command, inserts a virtual P picture stream between the out-point and the in-point, and switches from the first input stream into the second input stream based on the out-point and the in-point.

Abstract: A method for operating a user equipment (UE) in a UE group including at least two UEs includes receiving, from a communications controller, network resources information about an allocation of a first set of network resources to the UE group and a transmission indication, where the transmission indication indicates that the UE is selected to transmit in a second set of network resources that is a subset of the first set of network resources. The method further includes transmitting, to other UEs in the UE group utilizing a direct mobile communications (DMC) link associated with the communications controller, a first message including a control indicator in a first subset of the second set of network resources, the control indicator indicating scheduling information for a second subset of the second set of network resources.

Abstract: The present patent application provides a method, an apparatus, and a system for generating a timestamp. The method includes: receiving, by a data packet processing unit, a data packet sent by a physical layer transceiver unit or an upper layer, and identifying whether the data packet is a precise time synchronization protocol PTP data packet, and if the data packet is a PTP data packet, generating, according to a physical layer delay provided by a physical layer delay acquiring unit and a non-physical layer delay provided by a non-physical layer delay acquiring unit, a precise timestamp and rewriting a timestamp field in the data packet.

Abstract: A display cable supports communication of display information and peripheral information between a display and an information handling system by selectively adapting data links of the display cable to include peripheral information. The data links can switch between display information and peripheral information communication or can include identifier information to support switching of both types of information on a common data link.

Abstract: Methods and systems for calculating latency variations in a distributed manner, including the steps of: calculating, by first and second switches, first and second local latency variations, of first and second streaming sessions, at first and second output ports of the first and second switches, respectively. Receiving, by the third switch, the first and second local latency variations; wherein a first and second paths of the first and second streaming sessions, respectively, are passing through a third output port of the third switch after passing through the first and second output ports, respectively. And calculating, by the third switch, a third local latency variation of the first streaming session at the third output port, based on the first and second local latency variations.

Abstract: Multiple physical NEs may be presented to a network carrier as a single logical NE comprising multiple physical NEs. Alarms between the multiple physical NEs may be treated as internal connection alarms of the single logical NE instead of endpoint alarms of the multiple physical NEs. A number of alarms in the network may be reduced as well as alarm processing of the alarms at an Operational Support System (OSS), effectuating scaling of alarms as well as relaxing resource requirements (e.g., compute power, memory, etc.) of the OSS.

Abstract: The disclosure discloses a Generic Mapping Procedure (GMP) mapping method for an Optical channel Data Unit (ODU), including: caching low-level ODUk data to a memory according to the rate of low-level ODUk data stream; generating an adjustment byte in a mapping process and encoding the adjustment byte; generating read enable of the cached data by an algorithm according to the adjustment byte, reading the cached low-level ODUk data, and generating Optical channel Data Tributary Unit (ODTU) data according to the read data; and crossing a time slot of the ODTU data in multiple channels to that of a high-level ODU payload, and forming the data in the time slot of the high-level ODU payload and the encoded adjustment byte into a completed high-level ODU frame. The disclosure may further provide a GMP mapping apparatus for an ODU. According to a technical solution of the disclosure, the GMP mapping of the ODU can be implemented according to the dynamic change of a service rate.

Abstract: A method of transmitting data in an optical transport network is provided. The method comprises generating an optical transmission unit frame including an in-band area including a first area to which information data is allocated and a second area to which the information data is not allocated and an out-band area including parity information and transmitting the data through the optical transmission unit frame.

Abstract: A method for executing virtual application delivery controllers (vADCs) having different application versions over a computing device. The method comprises installing a virtualization infrastructure in the computing device; creating by the virtualization infrastructure a plurality of vADCs having different application versions, wherein each vADC is created from a software image maintained in a hardware infrastructure of the computing device; gathering version information associated with each of the plurality of vADCs; independently executing the plurality of vADCs over an operating system of the computing device; and controlling the execution of the plurality of the vADCs over an operating system of the computing device using the virtualization infrastructure using in part the version information. In one embodiment, each of the plurality of vADCs does not execute its own guest operating system.

Abstract: A terminal is configured to receive data packets from a base station and provide feedback to the base station. The feedback concerns the reception status of the received data packets and may comprise an ACK/NAK. A method in the terminal comprises receiving and decoding data packets from the base station in a subframe. It is further established whether any data packet within the received subframe is not correctly received and detected whether any subframe, expected to be received, has been missed. Further, acknowledgement information ACK/NAK is generated, and a scrambling code is selected with which the ACK/NAK is scrambled. The scrambled ACK/NAK is then sent to the base station, concerning the reception status of the data packets within the received subframes.

Abstract: A device is provided for facilitating a media transmission over a wireless network. The device may control and manage a plurality of first wireless modems on a first end node side. The plurality of first wireless modems may be configured to transmit/receive a plurality of data streams over a plurality of wireless data channels to/from at least one second wireless modem on a second end node side. The device may receive network-related information from a network component associated with the wireless network. The network-related information may be used to adjust the distribution or receipt of the plurality of data streams between the plurality of first wireless modems, thereby enabling reconstitution of the media transmission from the plurality of data streams. In addition, the device may be configured to send performance-related information to the network component, thereby enabling a determination to be made about managing network resources of the wireless network.

Abstract: Methods and systems for implementing multi-rate programs and in particular for implementing interval timers for multi-rate programs are disclosed. In some embodiments, a method of executing an interval timer is performed by one or more computer processors. The method comprises starting the interval timer, wherein starting the interval timer includes starting a stop-watch and setting a value of a Boolean flag to false. Further, the method comprises setting the value of the Boolean flag to true when the stop-watch reaches a preset time-interval value. The method also comprises, whenever the interval timer is invoked, returning the value of the Boolean flag and, if the returned value of the Boolean flag is true, restarting the stop-watch and setting the value of the Boolean flag to false. In some embodiments, the method further comprises stopping the stop-watch when the stop-watch reaches the preset time-interval value.

Abstract: The wireless communication system of the present invention has a first communication mode in which a center module preferentially allocates a slot to communication data of a calling sub station according to a priority of the calling sub station, and a second communication mode in which the center module allocates the slot to the communication data received from the calling sub station irrespective of the priority of the calling sub station. The center module determines which sub station can make a call to which sub station, each sub station transmits identification information to the center module, and the center module identifies the transmitting sub station based on the identification information, determines which sub station the identified sub station can make a call to, and allocates the slot to communication between the sub station determined to be capable of making a call and the transmitting sub station.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer program products are provided for inserting the packet into a tail of a linked list buffer, and the linked list buffer includes a plurality of Buffer Descriptors (BD), a HEAD pointer pointing to a null Buffer Descriptor (NullBD) and a NULLBD pointer. The NULLBD pointer is switched to point to the NullBD and the HEAD pointer to point to a valid BD which represents a memory address of payload data in the packet to be transmitted. Upon transmission of the packet, the HEAD pointer is converted to point to the NullBD and the NULLBD pointer to point to the valid BD. The valid BD pointed by the NULLBD pointer is finally transferred to a free linked list buffer so that the NULLBD pointer points to no memory address.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method determines first information from a component of a computing device to determine when receiving of one or more advertisements will affect an available bandwidth reading that is based on receiving of a media program. Then, the method dynamically disables a multiple bitrate algorithm based upon the first information such that a new bitrate version of the media program cannot be requested by the multiple bitrate algorithm for the media player. Second information is determined from the component of the computing device to determine when the available bandwidth reading will not be affected by receiving of the one or more advertisements. The method then dynamically enables the multiple bitrate algorithm based on the second information. The multiple bitrate algorithm is then allowed to request the different bitrate version of the media program based on the available bandwidth reading.

Abstract: A device performs a hypothetical reference decoder (HRD) operation that determines conformance of a bitstream to a video coding standard or determines conformance of a video decoder to the video coding standard. As part of performing the HRD operation, the device determines a highest temporal identifier of a bitstream-subset associated with a selected operation point of the bitstream. Furthermore, as part of the HRD operation, the device determines, based on the highest temporal identifier, a particular syntax element from among an array of syntax elements. The device then uses the particular syntax element in the HRD operation.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes methods, devices, and systems for state change in systems having devices coupled in a chained configuration. A number of embodiments include a host and a number of devices coupled to the host in a chained configuration. The chained configuration includes at least one device that is not directly coupled to the host. The at least one device that is not directly coupled to the host is configured to change from a first communication state to a second communication state responsive to receipt of a command from the host.