Abstract: The application provides a data sending method and a communication apparatus to avoid signaling overheads caused by scheduling by a network device, and a terminal device can flexibly select a quantity of repeated transmissions based on an actual situation, so that data transmission performance is improved. The network device sends configuration information of a receive power to the terminal device. After receiving the configuration information of the receive power, the terminal device determines a quantity of repeated transmissions of target data based on the configuration information of the receive power. After determining the quantity of repeated transmissions of the target data, the terminal device sends the target data to the network device based on the quantity of repeated transmissions of the target data.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A first user equipment (UE) may determine that the first UE is scheduled to transmit in a first slot and a second slot after the first slot. The first UE may then transmit, to a second UE, a first set of data in the first slot based on determining that the first UE is scheduled to transmit in the first slot and the second slot. In some examples, the first UE may determine whether a power estimation capability of the second UE satisfies a threshold. In some cases, the power estimation capability may be based on a correspondence between transmissions in the first slot and expected transmissions in the second slot. Based on the power estimation capability of the second UE, the first UE transmits data in a symbol reserved for automatic gain control at the second slot.

Abstract: According to an aspect, a transmitting device determines, for each of a plurality of transmissions, whether user data to be transmitted within a time transmission interval, TTT, will be closest in time to a DMRS transmitted before the user data or after the user data. If before the user data, all HARQ ACK/NACK data for the transmission is mapped to the earliest in time SC-FDMA symbol carrying user data in the transmission, and to pre-DFT symbols closest in time to the DMRS transmitted before the user data. If after the user data, all HARQ ACK/NACK data for the transmission is mapped to the last in time SC-FDMA symbol carrying user data in the transmission, and to pre-DFT symbols closest in time to the DMRS transmitted after the user data. SC-FDMA signals are formed from user data and control information for the transmission, based on the mapping.

Abstract: Multimedia codecs (compression methods), based only on FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) have been recently proposed. These codecs use the largest points (foreground) and the most energetic bands (background). Medium quality versions are based on the largest local peaks only. The phases can be ignored with the largest local peaks or in the background. Alternatively, sine and cosine amplitudes can be used. This invention describes methods for giving utility to the reintroduced phases, in particular: local peaks are grouped to have a very narrow bandwidth, with the phases containing the displacements of these peaks, and we transport data and the points of the foreground in the phases of the background. High speed communications are supported using techniques similar to OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing). These processes are intended to be used in particular with connected objects and in the physical layers of computer networks.

Abstract: A device may include a first ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna and one or more processors. The one or more processors may be configured to establish a plurality of respective connections with a plurality of second devices each having a respective UWB antenna. The device may identify an interference condition for at least one of the plurality of connections. The device may update a configuration for traffic sent via the at least one of the plurality of connections according to the identified interference condition, and can transmit a first packet to one of the plurality of second devices according to the updated configuration.

Abstract: A time measurement method includes that a first device receives a first packet from a second device using a first antenna. The first device transmits a second packet to the second device using a second antenna. The first device receives an indication for a first transceiving delay from the second device, where the first transceiving delay is a delay from a time at which the second device transmits the first packet to a time at which the second device receives the second packet. The first device determines a round-trip time (RTT) between the first device and the second device based on a calibration delay from the second antenna to the first antenna, a recording moment at which the first device receives the first packet, a recording moment at which the first device transmits the second packet, and the first transceiving delay.

Abstract: Described herein is a method and apparatus for a multi-beam digital system including a frequency reference device having an output for providing a frequency reference signal; a fanout device connected to the frequency reference device and configured to generate n frequency reference signals from the frequency reference signal output from the frequency reference device, having n outputs configured to output the n frequency reference signals, respectively, where n is a positive integer; n local clock domain devices configured to synchronize the n frequency reference signals and distribute reference and clock signals having deterministic phase and phase/data alignment; and n beamforming devices connected to the n local clock domain devices, respectively, and configured to form a user-definable beam, and having n input configured to receive n radio frequency (RF) signals, and n outputs for transmitting n RF signals.

Abstract: A round-trip, spread-spectrum navigation and locating system achieves high capacity and large processing gains in one-to-many and many-to-one configurations using round-trip signaling with frequency division based upon precise responding device carrier frequency offsets. Reduced cross-correlation is achieved by assigning these very small disparate frequency offsets to replies from interrogated devices so that the long-term correlation between disparate reply sequences is reduced almost to that of random noise of equivalent energy. The invention supports simultaneous interrogation of multiple responding devices, which responding devices respond essentially simultaneously at a fixed delay after receiving the query. The originating and/or responding devices may be fixed or mobile, permanently or temporarily deployed, terrestrial, airbourne or space-based with any source of power including batteries and solar without limitation.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a method for providing regulatory information by a first device in an ultra-wide band (UWB) system is provided. The method includes indicating availability of the regulatory information to a second device; and providing the regulatory information to the second device based on the availability of the regulatory information, wherein the regulatory information includes at least one of a confidence level indicating a source of the regulatory information, a country code, a time stamp.

Abstract: Systems, devices and methods for enhancing error correction decoding for communications using chirp spread spectrum are disclosed. A chirp signal having a plurality of chirps is received, a codeword is identified based on at least one of the plurality of chirps, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) associated with at least a portion of the codeword is identified, at least one decoding threshold is adjusted based on the identified RSSI, and the codeword is decoded using the adjusted at least one decoding threshold.

Abstract: A lidar for generating a cyclically optimal Pulse Position Modulated (PPM) waveform includes: a memory for storing a list of prime numbers; a processor for obtaining a list of prime numbers up to a predetermined maximum code length; selecting a largest prime number p* that is less than or equal to a ratio of a timing system bandwidth to the predetermined pulse repetition frequency (PRF), from the list of the prime numbers; constructing a list of pulse indices, m=0: p*?1 for the cyclically optimal PPM waveform; calculating a list of pulse modulations, dJs=mod(m2, p*)?(p*?1)/2, wherein dJs are modulation values; calculating a list of nominal pulse timings T, as T=m×ceil(TPRI/?j), where ?j is a predetermined modulation resolution, and TPRI is the reciprocal of the PRF; calculating pulse timings t0 of the cyclically optimal PPM waveform as t0=?j×(T+dJs); and generating the cyclically optimal PPM waveform from the pulse timings t0.

Abstract: A pulsed radar level gauge comprising a pulse generator configured to generate a transmit signal (ST) in the form of a pulse train, a propagation device connected to direct the transmit signal (ST) into a tank and return a microwave return signal (SR), a receiver, sampling circuitry configured to provide a time expanded tank signal, and processing circuitry for determining said filling level based on the time expanded tank signal. The gauge further comprises impedance increasing circuitry arranged to ensure that an input impedance of the receiver is at least 2 k? and a delay line arranged between said receiver and said propagation device, the delay line configured to introduce a delay greater than said pulse duration, such that said time expanded signal includes a transmitted pulse.

Abstract: A first device and second device communicate using mmWave communication with antenna alignment based on processing of ultra wide band (UWB) pulses. A limit on angle resolution due to a small number of antennas on either of the devices is relieved by using two or more carrier frequencies in the UWB pulses. A limit on angle resolution is further overcome in some situations by use of a neural network to refine angle estimates. In some situations, received power values are further used to select an angle for beam alignment.

Abstract: Wireless communications systems and methods related to serving user equipment devices (UEs) using downlink (DL) semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) in a multi-transmission/reception point (multi-TRP) environment.

Abstract: The present disclosure pertains to a method and an apparatus for generating a reference signal (RS) sequence and a data scrambling sequence. A method for a base station transmitting a reference signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may comprise the steps of: generating a reference signal sequence; and transmitting a reference signal corresponding to the generated reference signal sequence. The reference signal sequence can be generated using an initial sequence that is determined using a slot number in a transmission frame, a symbol number in a slot, and a scrambling identifier (ID).

Abstract: The described technology is generally directed towards a composite HARQ-ACK response that contains information corresponding to a current HARQ-ACK composed with one or more previous HARQ-ACKs in a single uplink transmission. As a result, even with a HARQ-ACK repetition factor greater than one, the network is able to schedule the user equipment in consecutive time intervals as if the repetition factor was one (that is, as if no repetition).

Abstract: Device localization (e.g., ultra-wideband device localization) may be used to provide coordinated outputs and/or receive coordinated inputs using multiple devices. Providing coordinated outputs may include providing partial outputs using multiple devices, modifying an output of a device based on its position and/or orientation relative to another device, and the like. In some cases, each device of a set of multiple devices may provide a partial output, which combines with partial outputs of the remaining devices to produce a coordinated output.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electronic device including a communication circuit and a processor. The processor may be configured to communicate with an external electronic device based on a specified protocol, using the communication circuit, to receive first information at least including type information of the external electronic device based on the specified protocol, using the communication circuit, and to determine a positioning master for measuring a distance between the electronic device and the external electronic device based at least on the first information among the electronic device and the external electronic device. Other various embodiments as understood from the specification are also possible.

Abstract: A pseudo-random sequence generator for use within a universal lidar system and its corresponding method of operation. The pseudo-random sequence generator uses synchronized shift registers that are in series Binary adders are provided. The signal output of each of the shift registers is tapped and directed to the binary adders. High-speed switches are provided between the shift registers and the binary adders. The switches are programmed to connect only two of the shift registers to the binary adders for each of the pseudo-random patterns being generated. The binary adders generate an output signal that is received by the first shift register. The signal propagates through all the shift registers to the last shift register. The last shift register outputs a pseudo-random sequence.

Abstract: Methods and systems of a wireless access point (WAP) configured to support wireless communications on a wireless local area network (WLAN). In an example system, a WAP with a non-volatile memory storing network event rules that indicate conditional parameters for an action for a targeted device, includes an event detection circuit to gather and analyze wireless communications activity, and a rule initiation circuit to initiate an action for a target device indicated by a network event rule. In an example, the rule initiation circuit is to initiate an action for a target device indicated by a network event rule, where the conditional parameters are satisfied at least in part by the gathered wireless communications activity from the one or more wireless stations.

Abstract: Provided is a wireless communication apparatus wherein channel estimation accuracy is improved while keeping the position of each bit in a frame, even when a modulation system having a large modulation multiple value is used for a data symbol. In the wireless communication apparatus, an encoding section encodes and outputs transmitting data to a bit converting section, and the bit converting section converts at least one bit of a plurality of bits constituting a data symbol to be used for channel estimation, among the encoded bit strings, into ‘1’ or ‘0’ and outputs it to a modulating section. The modulating section modulates the bit string inputted from the bit converting section by using a single modulation mapper and a plurality of data symbols are generated.

Abstract: A resonant antenna for long-range wireless power transfer and communications. The antenna may be powered by a source at a frequency that is resonant for the antenna or harmonic(s) of the resonant frequency. The loop or antenna may be a wire laid out in a physically large network or constitute wiring of a building or other place. The antenna may be placed in a high index material, which results in the antenna to be a physically smaller size for the same electrical size. The antenna may be driven with an electrical power signal. Power may be picked up by another or secondary antenna from the source antenna at the resonant frequency or harmonic(s). Communications may also occur between the antennas. Because of a near-field effect, emanation of electromagnetic fields is primarily limited extensively to just between the antennas. A little stray electromagnetic field exists that others cannot easily intercept.

Abstract: An information configuration method includes transmitting a signal to a display of an electronic apparatus at a first transmission frequency, and, upon detecting that a current frequency band of the electronic apparatus is not in the first frequency band, switching the first transmission frequency to a second transmission frequency when the display is inactive. A parameter of the electronic apparatus associated with the first transmission frequency meets a predetermined condition when the electronic apparatus operates at a first frequency band. The parameter associated with the second transmission frequency meets the predetermined condition when the electronic apparatus operates at a second frequency band.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and computer programs are provided for propagation delay compensation. A method for a UE includes receiving a configuration to provide a propagation delay notification for a propagation delay estimation; determining when the notification should be transmitted; transmitting the propagation delay notification; and determining a corresponding action based on the configuration of a relation between uplink reference signals and downlink reference signals. Methods are also provided for a radio node such as a base station.

Abstract: Training a link between a physical layer transceiver and a link partner includes encoding, at the physical layer transceiver, a first number of training bits into a second number of encoded training bits, expanding at the physical layer transceiver the second number of encoded training bits into a third number of expanded training bits, and interpolating at the physical layer transceiver, in a first mode, between the third number of expanded training bits and a fourth number of interpolated training bits. The fourth number is more than twice the third number, and may be four times the third number. Such training may further include interpolating at the physical layer transceiver, in a second mode, between the third number of expanded training bits and the fourth number of interpolated training bits, fourth number being twice the third number. The second mode may be used when the first mode is not supported.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide systems and methods of reducing the EMI effect generated by such analog blocks. By varying the clock frequency in time of oscillators used by such analog blocks, the EMI energy may be spread over a wide spectrum range thereby reducing the peak energy for the main frequency. To achieve this, the oscillator frequency is directly varied using analog mechanisms. The mechanisms may be based on a synchronized method for increasing/decreasing the current that is charging/discharging the oscillator capacitor. The frequency variation may be achieved by analog control of the extra charge/discharge current.

Abstract: An electronic device and an operating method thereof for identifying a noise control parameter on the basis of network connection information are provided. The electronic device includes a wireless communication circuit, and a processor. The processor is configured to acquire network connection information of an external electronic device which is call connected, through the wireless communication circuit, identify at least one noise control parameter, on the basis of the acquired network connection information, receive an audio signal from the external electronic device, through the wireless communication circuit, and suppress a noise in the audio signal, on the basis of the identified at least one noise control parameter.

Abstract: A system may include a first radio comprising a first radio processor, a first radio modem, and a first radio transmitter configured to transmit non-hopping transmissions and hopping transmissions. The system may further include a second radio comprising a second radio processor, a second radio modem, and a second radio hopping receiver, wherein the second radio hopping receiver is a non-staring second radio receiver. The first radio may be configured to: receive a message and a destination for the message, the destination being the second radio; upon a determination that the destination has a non-staring receiver, store the message; determine a time interval start time for a cyclical hop pattern associated with the second radio; output the message from the memory to the first radio modem; output the message from the first radio modem to the first radio transmitter; and/or transmit the message to the second radio.

Abstract: Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology exploits modulated coded impulses over a wide frequency spectrum with very low power over a short distance for digital data transmission. Such UWB systems through their receivers may operate in the presence of interfering signals and should provide for robust communications. Accordingly, an accurate and sharp filter that operates at low power is required and beneficially one that does not require a highly accurate power heavy clock. Further, many UWB applications require location and/or range finding of other elements and it would therefore be beneficial to provide a UWB based range finding and/or location capability removing the requirement to add additional device complexity and, typically significant, power consumption.

Abstract: Embodiments herein provides a method and apparatus for data communication in an OFDM system. The method comprising receiving by a second OFDM apparatus a plurality of parameters, a signal comprising data and at least one of a Reference Signal (RS) and a message from a first OFDM apparatus. The plurality of parameters comprises at least one of a numerology of the first apparatus, a numerology of the second apparatus, a ratio of numerology of the first apparatus to the second apparatus and a measurement window. The method includes filtering a desired band comprising the at least one of the RS and the message from the received signal, removing a cyclic prefix from the filtered signal, and decoding at least one of the RS and the message from the signal with adjusting a circular shift in the set of symbols based on the plurality of parameters.

Abstract: A wireless data communication radio includes a first transceiver configured to be coupled to a first antenna, and a second transceiver configured to be coupled to a second antenna. The second transceiver includes a multi-path detector. The wireless data communication radio transmits a radio signal via the first transceiver, receives the radio signal at the second transceiver, and determines, by the multi-path detector, that the radio signal, as received by the second transceiver, was transmitted by the first antenna and received by second antenna.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for transmission of data on a frequency spectrum divided into a plurality Nf of spectrum fragments (f1, f2) each of which covers a frequency band, the frequency bands being discontiguous. The device comprises a packet generator configured to generate a data packet comprising a payload and at least one occurrence of a constant envelope signalling sequence. Said sequence, for example a modified Zadoff-Chu sequence, comprises N complex symbols and consists of a plurality of complex symbol sets each associated with one of the spectrum fragments. Each set comprises N/Nf complex symbols and each complex symbol of a set comprises a scaling term to the frequency band covered by the spectrum fragment associated with this set and a spectral transposition term in the frequency band covered by the spectrum fragment associated with this set.

Abstract: In a multi-antenna communication system using LDPC codes, a simple method is used to effectively improve the received quality by performing a retransmittal of less data without restricting applicable LDPC codes. In a case of a non-retransmittal, a multi-antenna transmitting apparatus (100) transmits, from two antennas (114A,114B), LDPC encoded data formed by LDPC encoding blocks (102A,102B). In a case of a retransmittal, the multi-antenna transmitting apparatus (100) uses a transmission method, in which the diversity gain is higher than in the previous transmission, to transmit only a part of the LDPC encoded data as previously transmitted. For example, the only the part of the LDPC encoded data to be re-transmitted is transmitted from the single antenna (114A).

Abstract: A method and system for the continuous monitoring of animal physiology and behavior through the use of a smart body worn animal harness, smart collar or restraint system which captures, pre-processes, monitors, and transmits data captured from a plurality of externally-based, skin contact-based, and internally located RFID implants to a cloud-based infrastructure for further processing and augmentation to support real time alerting and animal health analytical systems.

Abstract: The method includes: obtaining a plurality of pieces of feature data; automatically performing two different types of nonlinear combination processing operations on the plurality of pieces of feature data to obtain two groups of processed data, where the two groups of processed data include a group of higher-order data and a group of lower-order data, the higher-order data is related to a nonlinear combination of m pieces of feature data in the plurality of pieces of feature data, and the lower-order data is related to a nonlinear combination of n pieces of feature data in the plurality of pieces of feature data, where m?3, and m>n?2; and determining prediction data based on a plurality of pieces of target data, where the plurality of pieces of target data include the two groups of processed data.

Abstract: A system is provided which comprises: a first circuitry to generate a first clock signal; and a second circuitry to generate a second clock signal such that: a frequency of the second clock signal is varied over a clock pulse of the first clock signal, and an average of the frequency of the second clock signal over the clock pulse of the first clock signal is substantially maintained at a target frequency.

Abstract: Symbol alignment and power scaling are provided for different length transmission time intervals (TTIs) within predefined boundaries, such as boundaries of a slot of a subframe. Described techniques provide for identifying time and/or frequency resources for one or more TTIs and allocating such resources based on a location within a subframe, pilot signals that may be transmitted using the resources, other processing timelines, or any combination thereof. In some cases, a power allocation for symbols within a TTI may be determined based on the allocated resources for the TTI. Frequency hopping patterns and power scaling for three-symbol TTIs are also provided.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and computer-readable media are described for notching a 6 GHz channel. A station associates with an access point on a 6 GHz band. A notching pattern indication is decoded from data received from the AP after associating with the AP. A notching region within a channel within the 6 GHz band is determined based on the notching pattern indication. The notching pattern indicates a width of a notching region and a location of the notching region within the channel. The notching region covers bandwidth occupied by an incumbent system within the channel. A physical layer convergence procedure (PLCP) protocol data unit (PPDU) is encoded for transmission on the channel to the AP. The PPDU is encoded to exclude transmission within the notching region.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide measures, including apparatuses, circuity, methods and computer programs, for use in monitoring user activity. Orientation data for a user is generated. The generated orientation data is inserted into advertising packets of a wireless communication protocol. The advertising packets comprising the generated orientation data are broadcast according to the wireless communication protocol.

Abstract: A method is provided for calibrating a test platform including a plurality of system outputs to align RF signals generated by the system outputs. RF power of a combined RF signal is detected, where the combined RF signal is from a reference RF signal generated by a reference system output in the plurality of system outputs and a test RF signal generated by a test system output in the plurality of systems outputs. A phase of the test RF signal is iteratively shifted relative to the reference RF signal until the detected RF power reaches a minimum. The test RF signal is inverted to be in-phase with the reference RF signal when the combined RF power reaches the minimum. A system is also provided for calibrating a test platform including a plurality of system outputs to align RF signals generated by the system outputs.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for estimating an indoor location based on packet capture. The method for operating an apparatus for estimating an indoor location based on packet capture includes receiving packet capture information from multiple packet-collection-dedicated access points, searching a positioning infrastructure database for positioning data corresponding to the received packet capture information, and estimating a movement direction of a terminal using found positioning data.

Abstract: Provided are a spread spectrum clock generator and a spread spectrum clock generation method, a pulse pattern generator and a pulse pattern generation method, and an error rate measuring device and an error rate measuring method capable of performing SSC modulation of any frequency shift according to a standard. Included are a reference signal generator 10 that generates a reference signal, a modulation waveform generator 20 that generates a modulation waveform, a modulation unit 30 that frequency-modulates the reference signal with the modulation waveform to generate an SSC modulated signal, and a modulation control unit 42a capable of arbitrarily controlling the frequency shift of the modulation waveform and a slope of the frequency shift in any time section.

Abstract: As part of a signal processing event, the maximum frequency of an input signal can be determined with a processor. The maximum frequency can be compared to a value generated with a decimator/interpolator. Based on the comparison, the sampling rate for sampling the input signal with the processor can be set as part of the digital signal processing event. The sampling rate can be adjusted as the frequency of the input signal varies during the signal processing event.

Abstract: A system that can determine states of human activity and transitions between those states using wireless signal data. A machine learning model such as a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) may be trained to determine transitions between states of human activity (e.g., static, slow movement, fast movement) using information from wireless signal data, such as channel state information gathered from Wi-Fi signal beacons. Depending on the state of the human activity the system may then cause certain commands to be executed corresponding to the human activity such as turning on a certain configuration of lights, playing certain music, or the like.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for obtaining data from a memory, estimating a probability of data values of the obtained data based on at least one of a source log-likelihood ratio and a channel log-likelihood ratio, wherein each bit in the obtained data has an associated log-likelihood ratio, determining at least one data pattern parameter for the data and performing a decoding process using the at least one data pattern parameters to determine a decoded data set.

Abstract: A broadcasting method has been developed that no longer uses the point-to-point measurements that causes the bottlenecks due to the number of measurements that need to be taken increasing non-linearly with the number of nodes. In addition, not all nodes need to emit. This results in significantly less expensive devices that can be paired with emitting nodes in the infrastructure. The energy emitted by the group is lowered and there is significantly less bandwidth that is used compared to current systems. This system is designed to synchronize remote clocks and localize a group of nodes and comprises at least 4 ranging nodes equipped with a clock, the capability to send and receive messages, the capability to time-tag messages, the capability for the nodes to compute the two sheeted hyperboloids from the emissions of other nodes, and the capability of combining multiple hyperboloids to solve the localization equations.

Abstract: Disclosed is a precoding method for generating, from a plurality of baseband signals, a plurality of precoded signals that are transmitted in the same frequency bandwidth at the same time. According to the precoding method, one matrix is selected from among matrices defining a precoding process that is performed on the plurality of baseband signals by hopping between the matrices. A first baseband signal and a second baseband signal relating to a first coded block and a second coded block generated by using a predetermined error correction block coding scheme satisfy a given condition.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer program products are described for automatically reducing interference within received signals. A first radio frequency (RF) signal having (i) a desired component and (ii) an interference component with a noise component and a jammed component is received. A trained machine learning (ML) model extracts, from the RF signal, the jammed component and a portion of the noise component. The trained ML model generates and outputs a second RF signal comprising the desired component and a reduced noise component. The reduced noise component has the portion of the noise component removed. The jammed component is removed from the second RF signal.

Abstract: A measuring device for providing an angle of departure determining test signal to a device under test, is provided. The measuring device comprises a signal generator and a single output port. The signal generator is adapted to generate the angle of departure determining test signal, emulating an antenna array angle of departure determining signal, comprised of a plurality of individual array antenna signals, thereby emulating an angle of departure of the angle of departure determining test signal. The single output port is adapted to output the angle of departure determining test signal to the device under test.

Abstract: A method for a radar apparatus is described. According to one example implementation, the method involves receiving a multiplicity of chirp echoes from transmitted radar signals and generating a digital signal based on the multiplicity of chirp echoes. In this case, each chirp echo has an associated subsequence of the digital signal. The method further involves performing a filtering in the time domain for one or more subsequences. The filtering in this case involves the decomposition of the subsequence into a plurality of components (referred to as principal components), the selection of a subset of components from the plurality of components and the reconstruction of a modified subsequence based on the selected subset of the component.