Abstract: A codeset is described in a Public Codeset Communication Format (PCCF) as a format block including a plurality of fields having readily decipherable values, such as ASCII character values. One field is a mark/space information field that includes a sequence of mark time indicators and space time indicators for an operational signal of the codeset. A second field is a signal characteristic information field for the operational signal. Signal characteristic information may include carrier on/off information, repeat frame information, toggle control information, and last frame information. The PCCF is a codeset interchange format of general applicability.

Abstract: A communication system of a passive optical communication network includes an optical line terminal (OLT) system including a first OLT, a second OLT, and an OLT control device that controls the first OLT and the second OLT, a plurality of splitters that connect the first OLT and the second OLT with an optical communication path, and an ONU that is connected to each of the splitters with an optical communication path. The splitter distributes and outputs an optical signal transmitted from the OLT system to the ONU connected to the splitter and a succeeding device that is another splitter or the OLT system, and the OLT control device determines a distribution ratio at the splitter, the distribution ratio indicating a ratio between the intensity of the optical signal distributed to the succeeding device and the intensity of the optical signal distributed to the ONU.

Abstract: A photonics-electronics convergence switch with which, even if an optical network system is built by combining a plurality of packet switches, the amount of processing in the packet switches does not increase, the optical network system operates with low electric power consumption, and this enables wide-range optical communication between the nodes of a communication origin and of a communication partner, includes a network processor that is an electronic circuit configured to control the functions of the packet switch, a plurality of optical transmitter-receivers having photoelectric conversion functions, and a plurality of optical switches.

Abstract: Structures for a waveguide core and methods of forming such structures. The structure comprises a stacked waveguide core including a first waveguide core and a second waveguide core stacked with the first waveguide core, and a layer adjacent to the stacked waveguide core. The layer comprises a material having a refractive index that is variable in response to a stimulus.

Abstract: Embodiments are disclosed for providing a serializer and/or a deserializer with redundancy using optical modulators. An example system includes an MZM structure that comprises a first waveguide interferometer arm structure and a second waveguide interferometer arm structure. The first waveguide interferometer arm structure comprises a first segmented electrode associated with at least a first electrode and a second electrode. The second waveguide interferometer arm structure comprises a second segmented electrode associated with at least a third electrode and a fourth electrode. The MZM structure is configured to convert an optical input signal into an optical output signal through application of a digital data signal to the first electrode and the third electrode, and application of a redundant digital data signal to the second electrode and the fourth electrode.

Abstract: Implementations described and claimed herein provide systems and methods for an optical domain controller for managing and maintaining a record of network component configuration and interconnections. The optical domain controller detects changes in a configuration of optical network elements in response to a requested service from the network, coordinates additional changes in configurations to optical network elements that may be affected by the detected change, communicates with the optical network elements to incorporate the changes to the configurations of the network element, and stores the configurations and states of the network elements. The use of the optical domain controller may thus replace or supplement a database storing network configuration information by automatically managing changes to the network as new services are instantiated directly on the optical network elements.

Abstract: The innovation disclosed and claimed herein, in one aspect thereof, comprises systems and methods of determining network segmentation. The innovation can search a network to determine a set of network entities, the network entities belonging to the network, and determine network factors of each network entity in the set of network entities. The innovation can evaluate each network factor and determine segmentation candidates based on the evaluation of each network factor. The innovation can determine a risk ranking for each network factor for each network entity and aggregate each risk ranking into a segmentation score for each network entity. The innovation can determine a segmentation candidate when a network entity segmentation score satisfies a threshold score. The innovation can generate a sub-network that is part of the network for the segmentation candidate, and transfer the segmentation candidate to the sub-network.

Abstract: Provided are techniques, devices and systems that enable updating of a reportable parameter table database when a reconfigured optical communication path is formed by switching performed by a branching unit in an undersea optical communication transmission system. A processor may obtain system attributes of each respective segment of a number of segments of the reconfigured optical communication path from a first end point to a second endpoint. The system attributes of each respective segment of the number of segments may be evaluated from the first end point to the second endpoint of the reconfigured optical communication path. A reportable parameter table may be generated based on the evaluated system attributes that includes a listing of operational and structural parameters of system from the first endpoint to the second endpoint of the reconfigured optical communication path.

Abstract: In order to measure the signal quality of each of optical signals transmitted/received via a plurality of transmission lines, an optical communication system 1 is provided with a dummy light source 10 for outputting dummy light, a switching means 20 for outputting the dummy light to a first transmission line 40a, and a light-receiving means 30 for acquiring first signal quality from the dummy light received via the first transmission line 40a, the switching means 20 switching the output destination of the dummy light from the first transmission line 40a to a second transmission line 40b, and the light-receiving means 30 acquiring second signal quality from the dummy light received via the second transmission line 40b.

Abstract: A remote control device for remotely controlling a target device to be controlled is provided.

Abstract: An example system includes a hub transceiver and a plurality of edge transceivers. The hub transceiver is operable to transmit, over a first communications channel, a first message to each of the edge transceivers concurrently, including an indication of available network resources on an optical communications network. Each of the edge transceiver is operable to transmit, transmit, over a second communications channel, a respective second message to the hub transceiver including an indication of a respective subset of the available network resources selected by the edge transceiver for use in communicating over the optical communications network. Further, the edge transceiver is operable to receive, from the hub transceiver, a third message acknowledging receipt of a selection and a fourth message confirming an assignment of the selected subset of the available network resources to the edge transceiver.

Abstract: In an ultra-wideband (“UWB”) communication system, methods are disclosed for transmitting packets in multiple portions, each having a different pulse repetition frequency (“PRF”). Methods are also disclosed for transmitting packets dis-continuously.

Abstract: A light receiving device includes a semiconductor optical amplifier formed on a principal surface of a first substrate. The semiconductor optical amplifier has a first reflection portion that is formed by an end face at one end thereof, the end face being formed to be oblique to the principal surface of the first substrate. The semiconductor optical amplifier also has a second reflection portion that is formed by an end face at the other end thereof, the end face being formed to be oblique to the principal surface of the first substrate. The light receiving device further includes a second substrate having a back surface bonded to a back surface of the first substrate, and a photodiode formed on a principal surface of the second substrate.

Abstract: An analog signal processor includes a sampling unit configured to (i) filter, in the frequency domain, a received time domain analog signal into a low-frequency end of a corresponding frequency spectrum, (ii) sample the filtered analog signal at a frequency substantially higher than the low-frequency end, and (iii) spread quantization noise over an expanded Nyquist zone of the corresponding frequency spectrum. The processor further includes a noise shaping unit configured to shape the spread quantization noise out of the low-frequency end of the corresponding frequency spectrum such that the filtered analog signal and the shaped quantization noise are substantially separated in the frequency domain, and a quantization unit configured to apply delta-sigma modulation to the filtered analog signal using at least one quantization bit, and output a digitized bit stream that substantially follows the amplitude of the received time domain analog signal.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed, including a method comprising receiving power loss measurement parameters for components of an optical transmission system comprising a first node having a preamplifier, the first node configured to transmit and receive optical signals on a number of optical channels to and from one or more first transceivers; a second node configured to transmit and receive optical signals on the number of optical channels to and from one or more second transceivers; and one or more bidirectional optical fiber between the first node and the second node; determining and setting, using one or more of the power loss measurement parameters and using a number of optical channels in the optical transmission system, a power gain for the preamplifier in the first node, in order to obtain a target client power of the optical signals transmitted to the one or more first transceivers.

Abstract: Techniques for managing gain equalization error in optical communication systems are provided. For example, a multi-stage gain correction filter may be configured to at least correct gain equalization error produced by filters with insufficient resolution, for example, conventional non-reflective gain correction technology used in the optical communication systems. The multi-stage filter may include at least a broadband gain correction filter to correct gain equalization error in most of the transmission bandwidth and a narrow band gain correction filter to correction error in a narrow region of the bandwidth. One or more of the multi-stage filters may be implemented in the repeaters of the system (which may be referred to as hybrid GFFs) or may be included in a standalone body (which may be referred to as hybrid GEFs).

Abstract: An optical transmitter transmits a modulated optical signal in which each symbol carries M bits. M is an integer larger than one. The optical transmitter includes: a signal generation circuit configured to generate M×N binary electric signals based on transmission data, bit rates of the M×N binary electric signals being equal to each other, N being an integer larger than one, when the optical transmitter multiplexes N optical signals in time-division multiplexing; a Mach-Zehnder interferometer; and M×N phase-shift elements provided along an optical path of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer and respectively configured to shift phases of light propagated in the optical path corresponding to the M×N binary electric signals. The M×N phase-shift segments are comprised of N electrode groups. Each of the N electrode groups includes M or more electrodes to which corresponding M binary electric signals among the M×N binary electric signals are given.

Abstract: In order to make a communicable distance in an optical cable of an optical signal which is subjected to amplitude modulation longer, a re-modulation device is provided with: an acquisition unit that acquires, from a first modulation optical signal obtained by performing first amplitude modulation on an optical signal with second data sent from a modulation transmission device to a demodulation reception device, the second data; and a re-modulation unit that, when determining passing of the first modulation optical signal, sends, to the demodulation reception device, a second modulation optical signal obtained by performing second amplitude modulation on the inputted optical signal with the second data.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for beam pair selection. A method that may be performed by a user equipment (UE) includes receiving, from a base station (BS), an indication to report one or more beam pairs to be used for full-duplex (FD) communication based on a timing constraint, wherein the timing constraint comprises a constraint on a time difference between receptions, at the UE, of a downlink (DL) signal and an uplink (UL) signal for each of the one or more beam pairs and transmitting a report specifying the one or more beam pairs in accordance with the indication, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

Abstract: A method of configuring a platform lift, having a drive unit with a communication device and a remote device in communication with the communication device so the remote device provides a user input to the control unit, is disclosed. The method includes uploading a selected country specific setting into the communication device, emitting an introductory signal from the communication device to the remote device, emitting an acknowledgement signal from the remote device back to the communication device, emitting from the communication device a first signal containing information corresponding to the uploaded country specific setting, receiving the emitted first signal at the remote device, configuring the remote device by recognizing the country specific setting in the first signal, selecting at the remote device the same country specific setting, and emitting a confirmation signal from the remote device back to the communication device which conforms to the selected country specific setting.

Abstract: A method is provided for ensuring the integrity of a stairlift installation constructed from re-used components. Data representative of the form of a stairlift rail is stored in a control facility included in the stairlift carriage and then compared with data sensed in real time. A stairlift carriage may be disabled in the event sensed data varies from stored data.

Abstract: An optical device includes an input array, an output array and a waveguide array. The input array is connected to a first slab structure, while the output array is connected to a second slab structure. The waveguide array is optically coupled to the first slab structure and the second slab structure. The waveguide array includes a first connecting part, a second connecting part and a plurality of waveguide channels. The first connecting part is joined with the first slab structure. The second connecting part is joined with the second slab structure, wherein the second connecting part includes a central portion and at least one flank portion, the central portion is connected to and overlapped with the second slab structure, and the at least one flank portion extends over a side surface of the second slab structure. The waveguide channels are joining the first connecting part to the second connecting part.

Abstract: A system for using free-space optics to interconnect a plurality of computing nodes can include a plurality of node optical transceivers that are electrically coupled to at least some of the plurality of computing nodes. The system can also include a plurality of router optical transceivers that facilitate free-space optical communications with the plurality of node optical transceivers. Each node optical transceiver among the plurality of node optical transceivers can have a corresponding router optical transceiver that is optically coupled to the node optical transceiver. The system can also include a router that is coupled to the plurality of router optical transceivers. The router can be configured to route the free-space optical communications among the plurality of computing nodes.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are various embodiments for high performance wireless data transfers. In an example embodiment, laser chips are used to support the data transfers using laser signals that encode the data to be transferred. The laser chip can be configured to (1) receive a digital signal and (2) responsive to the received digital signal, generate and emit a variable laser signal, wherein the laser chip comprises a laser-emitting epitaxial structure, wherein the laser-emitting epitaxial structure comprises a plurality of laser-emitting regions within a single mesa structure that generate the variable laser signal. Also disclosed are a number of embodiments for a photonics receiver that can receive and digitize the laser signals produced by the laser chips. Such technology can be used to wireless transfer large data sets such as lidar point clouds at high data rates.

Abstract: A system comprising a hub transceiver coupled to a first network node; and a plurality of edge transceivers, each configured to be communicatively coupled to a respective second network node, and to the hub transceiver, wherein the hub transceiver is operable to transmit a first message to each of the edge transceivers, the first message comprising an indication of available optical subcarriers and availability to use multiple non-contiguous optical subcarriers; receive, a service request identifying a selected subset of the available optical subcarriers including a non-contiguous first optical subcarrier and second optical subcarrier, transmit a second message to indicate either a success or a failure, and receive, via the selected subset, data from the second network node, and wherein at least one of the edge transceivers is operable to, transmit, using the selected subset of available optical subcarriers, data from the second network node to the first network node.

Abstract: A tunable element for an optical waveguide device, such as an Optical Phased Array (OPA), is described. Tunable element comprises three waveguide sections arranged such that light propagates through the first waveguide section, then through the second waveguide section and then through the third waveguide section, with light being either evanescently or directly coupled from one waveguide section to the next. The tunable element further comprises one or more resistive heating pad formed proximate to the second waveguide section. The first and third waveguide sections are formed from a first material and the second waveguide section is formed from a second, different material and the second material is more thermo-optically sensitive than the first material.

Abstract: A codeset is described in a Public Codeset Communication Format (PCCF) as a format block including a plurality of fields having readily decipherable values, such as ASCII character values. One field is a mark/space information field that includes a sequence of mark time indicators and space time indicators for an operational signal of the codeset. A second field is a signal characteristic information field for the operational signal. Signal characteristic information may include carrier on/off information, repeat frame information, toggle control information, and last frame information. The PCCF is a codeset interchange format of general applicability.

Abstract: The exemplified methods and systems provide hardware-circuit-level encryption for inter-core communication of photonic communication devices such as photonic network-on-chip devices. In some embodiments, the hardware-circuit level encryption uses authentication signatures that are based on process variation that inherently occur during the fabrication of the photonic communication device. The hardware level encryption can facilitate high bandwidth on-chip data transfers while preventing hardware-based trojans embedded in components of the photonic communication device such as PNoC devices or preventing external snooping devices from snooping data from the neighboring photonic signal transmission medium in a shared photonic signal transmission medium. In some embodiments, the hardware-circuit-level encryption is used for unicast/multicast traffic.

Abstract: An optical bench utilizing narrowband optical filters on precision rotary stages that can provide custom tuning of the operational frequencies of the optical bench while maintaining the ability to switch between narrowband and wideband operation thereof. The precision rotary filters may further provide dynamic reconfiguration of the optical bench to alternate frequencies for intersystem compatibility, the enablement of additional self-test capabilities, and easing the manufacturing tolerances thereof.

Abstract: A system comprising a hub transceiver and edge transceivers is described. The hub transceiver is coupled to a first network node via an optical communications network. Each of the edge transceivers is coupled to a respective second network node, and to the hub transceiver. The hub transceiver is operable to form one or more logical partition of optical subcarriers in an optical signal based on connection types. Each logical partition has a first partition boundary, a second partition boundary and a plurality of subcarriers logically between the first partition boundary and the second partition boundary. Each partition boundary is assigned a particular connection type. The hub transceiver assigns a subset of available optical subcarriers of the plurality of subcarriers where each assignment includes a number of optical subcarriers based on the connection type in the service request, and a subcarrier location within the one or more logical partition.

Abstract: Systems and methods for managing a list or restoration paths are provided. A method, according to one implementation, includes obtaining a list of restoration paths used for restoring transmission in a network when a home path between an originating node and a termination node is unavailable. The restoration paths are listed in a specific order based on ongoing transmission costs, where the ongoing transmission cost for each restoration path is based on characteristics associated with transmitting signals along the respective restoration path. The method also includes the step of reordering the restoration paths in the list based on restoration costs and the ongoing transmission costs. The restoration cost for each restoration path is based on a procedure for switching from the home path to the respective restoration path.

Abstract: At least two cascaded chains of intelligent support boxes linked by optical cable provide the needed elements to link the electric AC power line and low voltage DC power lines to the many known outlets and switches (wiring devices) and their loads be it AC or DC operated, with the AC and DC lines are separately drawn through separated conduits and ducts safely and accurately controlled by an home controller and/or via a command converter and a distributor.

Abstract: An example system includes a hub transceiver and a plurality of edge transceivers. The hub transceiver is operable to determine a plurality of optical subcarriers available for assignment by the hub transceiver to the plurality of the edge transceivers for use in communicating over an optical communications network, and assign, to each of the edge transceivers, a respective subset of the optical subcarriers. Each of the subsets of the optical subcarriers includes a respective data optical subcarrier for transmitting data over the optical communications network. At least one of the subsets of the optical subcarriers includes one or more respective idle optical subcarriers. The hub t transceiver is also operable to transmit to each of the edge transceivers, an indication of the respective subset of the optical subcarriers assigned to the edge transceiver.

Abstract: An example system includes a hub transceiver, a plurality of edge transceivers, and a control module. The control module is operable to receive, from one or more of the edge transceivers or the hub transceiver, telemetry data regarding at least one of a transmission or a receipt of data over the optical communications network, and determine, based on the telemetry data, performance characteristics regarding the optical communications network. Further, the control module is operable to transmit, based on the performance characteristics, a command to one or more of the edge transceivers or the hub transceiver to modify an operation with respect to the optical communications network.

Abstract: Cladding removed from a portion of the optical fiber defines a window exposing the fiber core. A grating having a substantially periodic structure defining a wavelength is moveably positioned in the window, where it can interact with the evanescent field present in the window when optical power is propagating through the fiber. An adjustable positioning fixture holds the grating proximate to the window and operates to change the relative spacing of the fiber core and grating, between: a first position in which the grating is held proximate to the fiber core and substantially interacts with the evanescent field, and a second position in which the grating is held apart from the fiber core and does not substantially interact with the evanescent field.

Abstract: A method of loading a fiber optic transport system includes detecting optical power in a frequency sub-band of optical spectrum, wherein the frequency sub-band includes data-bearing channels and at least one control channel; measuring optical power in the frequency sub-band; and adjusting optical power of the at least one control channel based on the measured optical power, wherein the optical power is adjusted through one of changing a current of control channel lasers and controlling a set of fast optical attenuators.

Abstract: An unused path through which actual data is not transmitted in a long-distance redundant network can be appropriately detect, and this function is realized at low cost. A transmission unit 33 of optical transceivers 21a and 21b connected to each other by an optical fiber cable 22 in an optical transmission system 20 includes a laser 37 for emitting a laser beam serving as an optical signal P1 to the optical fiber cable 22, and an optical intensity control unit 35 for performing control to change the optical level of the optical signal of the laser beam.

Abstract: A stabilizing system may be utilized to reduce or eliminate sway of magnetic tape that is suspended in an elevator hoistway and provides a positional reference to an elevator cab. The stabilizing system may include a stabilizing mechanism fixed within a hoistway and a roller cam disposed on the elevator cab. The stabilizing system may include a telescoping member attached to a guide having opposing flanges that restrict movement of the tape. The telescoping member and the guide may be biased in an extended position, where the guide partially surrounds the tape. In a retracted position, the guide is horizontally spaced apart from the tape. When the elevator cab passes the stabilizing mechanism, the roller cam may force the guide and the telescoping member into the retracted position to prevent any contact between the stabilizing mechanism and components disposed on the elevator cab.

Abstract: An audio device includes a casing configured for operation in a first orientation and a second orientation different from the first orientation, an orientation input device disposed on the casing to detect an orientation of the casing relative to the direction of the force of gravity, and a plurality of acoustic drivers disposed on the casing and operable to form a plurality of acoustic interference arrays, each of which is associated with one of a plurality of audio channels. The acoustic drivers of the audio device operate in a first frequency range and modify at least one of the acoustic interference arrays in response to a change in the orientation detected by the orientation input device.

Abstract: An illumination system includes an excitation light source module, a light splitting and combining module, a filter module, and a wavelength conversion module. The excitation light source module provides an excitation beam. The light splitting and combining module is disposed on a transmission path of the excitation beam. The excitation beam includes a first and a second excitation beam which are different from each other in polarization state or wavelength range. The filter module is disposed on the transmission path of the excitation beam. The filter module includes a light passing area configured to allow the excitation beam to pass there-through and a light filtering area. The wavelength conversion module is disposed on the transmission path of the excitation beam reflected by the light filtering area and configured to convert the reflected excitation beam into a conversion beam. A projection apparatus including the above illumination system is also provided.

Abstract: A bandwidth allocation device is included in a communication system having a terminal station device and a terminal device and relaying upstream data, which is received from a communication terminal by a lower device connected to the terminal device, to an upper device connected to the terminal station device. The bandwidth allocation device includes a transmission-permitted period start position determining unit configured to estimate a start position of an arrival period in which the upstream data arrives at the terminal device from the lower device; a transmission-permitted period length determining unit configured to estimate a length of the arrival period based on an amount of upstream data to be transmitted from the lower device to the terminal device; and a bandwidth allocation unit configured to allocate a bandwidth to the terminal device based on the estimated start position and the estimated length of the arrival period.

Abstract: This disclosure describes devices and methods related to multiplexing optical datasignals. A method may be disclosed. The method may comprise receiving, by a dense wave division multiplexer (DWDM), one or more optical data signals. The method may comprise combining, by the DWDM, the one or more optical data signals. The method may comprise outputting, by the DWDM, the combined one or more optical data signals to a first circulator. The method may also comprise combining, by the WDM, the second optical data signal and one or more third signals, and outputting an egress optical data signal to an optical switch. The method may also comprise outputting, by the optical switch, the egress optical data signal on a primary fiber.

Abstract: In an example method, an edge transceiver receives a first message from a hub transceiver over a first communications channel of an optical communications network, including an indication of available network resources on the optical communications network. The edge transceiver transmits, over a second communications channel of the optical communications network, a second message to the hub transceiver, including an indication of a subset of the available network resources selected by the edge transceiver. The edge transceiver receives, from the hub transceiver, a third message acknowledging receipt of a selection by the edge transceiver and a fourth message confirming an assignment of the selected subset of the available network resources to the edge transceiver. The edge transceiver transmits, using the selected subset of the available network resources, data via the hub transceiver.

Abstract: An optical network having a first terminal node, a second terminal node, and a network service system is described. The first terminal node has a plurality of ports and a signal restoration component to create a restored path. The second terminal node has a plurality of ports and a failure monitor to issue a path failure notice. A working path, a protection path, and the restored path are each fiber optic lines optically coupling the first terminal node to the second terminal node to enable a service, each path requiring a quantity of exclusive licenses. The network service system receives a path failure notice indicating a working path failure, calculates the quantity of licenses required by the restored path, releases the quantity of licenses required by the working path and applies at least a portion of the quantity of licenses to the quantity of licenses required by the restored path.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide a novel optical network which can be used as an in-vehicle optical backbone network and exhibits high capacity, low delay, low power consumption, low noise and low cost.

Abstract: A laser device includes: a semiconductor laser, at least one driver that supplies the semiconductor laser with a current; a modulator that modulates the current supplied to the semiconductor laser; and at least one electric line for conveying the current from at least one driver to the semiconductor laser. The at least one electric line is a wire in a form of a tape, and includes the first conductive layer, the second conductive layer, and the insulating layer which are extending in the longitudinal direction of the wire. The first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are stacked, with the insulating layer in between, in the direction of thickness of the wire.

Abstract: High-channel-count optical transceivers can be implemented in photonic integrated circuits (PICs) with shared lasers, splitting the light of each laser between multiple lanes prior to modulation. To reduce waveguide crossings in such PICs, transmitter and self-test functionality may be distributed between separate device layers. Various beneficial transmitter circuitry layouts are disclosed.

Abstract: There includes: an optical splitter splitting modulated light into local oscillator light and signal light beams; a phase adjustment unit adjusting phases of signal light beams; an optical amplification unit amplifying signal light beams phase-adjusted; an optical phased array antenna outputting signal light beams amplified to space; a phase control unit synchronizing with a reference signal light beams, output from the optical phased array antenna and multiplexed with the local oscillator light; an acquisition and tracking mechanism adjusting output angles of signal light beams; an angle detection unit detecting arrival angles of received light; and a control unit setting the reference signal to first reference signals having different frequencies, supplementing the received light based on a detection result, setting the reference signal to second reference signals having equal frequencies, and tracking the received light based on the detection result.

Abstract: An example system includes a plurality of hub transceivers and a plurality of edge transceivers. A first hub transceiver is operable to determine that the first hub transceiver is configured to assign a first subset of network resources to a first subset of the edge transceivers for communication over an optical communications network, and determine that a second hub transceiver is configured to assign a second subset of network resources to a second subset of the edge transceivers for communication over the optical communications network. The first hub transceiver is also operable to determine that the first subset of network resources overlaps the second subset of network resources, and in response, transmit a notification of the overlap to a control module of the optical communications network.

Abstract: To provide a remote control device for transmitting a light signal having a pulse pattern capable of reducing the possibility of false detection, a communication device including the remote control device and a sensor, a variable device further including an appliance whose state varies by tracking the remote control device, and a lighting device further including a moving light for illuminating the remote control device by tracking the remote control device. The remote control device transits a light signal having a pulse pattern to be detected by a sensor, in which the pulse pattern includes a first ON period, a second ON period, and an OFF period between the first ON period and the second ON period, the first ON period and the second ON period being repeated alternately, the first ON period and the second ON period are more than twice as long as a sampling time T of the sensor, the first ON period and the second ON period are different from each other, and the OFF period is longer than the sampling time T.