Abstract: An electromagnetic radiation detector includes an inlet window intended to receive a stream of incident photons, as well as a photocathode in the form of a semiconductive layer. A conductive layer is deposited on the downstream face of the inlet window and a thin dielectric layer is disposed between the conductive layer and the semiconductive layer. The conductive layer is brought to a potential below that of the semiconductive layer so as to drive the photoelectrons out of the recombination zone and consequently improve the quantum yield of the photocathode.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a measurement unit configured to irradiate a measurement image with light, and measure the light reflected from the measurement image, a white reference plate disposed in a position opposite to the measurement unit, a correction unit configured to correct a measurement result of the measurement image, based on a measurement result of the white reference plate acquired by the measurement unit, and a temperature detection unit configured to detect temperature in a vicinity of the measurement unit, wherein the correction unit corrects, in a case where a difference between a temperature detected by the temperature detection unit and a temperature shown when previously measuring the white reference plate is less than a predetermined value, a measurement result of the measurement image using a previous measurement result of the white reference plate without measuring the white reference plate with the measurement unit.

Abstract: A charging apparatus includes a latent image bearing member having a charge generating layer for generating an electric charge by receiving light energy; a light source for emitting light energy for generating the electric charge in the charge generating layer; an electrode; a bias voltage applying portion for applying a bias voltage to the electrode; and an elastic member, which is insulative and transparent, for contacting the electrode to a surface of the latent image bearing member. The electric charge is generated in the charge generating layer by reception of the light energy emitted from the light source, and the surface of the latent image bearing member is electrically charged by applying the bias voltage from the bias voltage applying portion to the electrode. The electrode is provided on the elastic member and is contacted to the surface of the latent image bearing member in a contact area and does not extend to an outside of the contact area.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image forming unit configured to start image formation in accordance with a second job while performing the image formation in accordance with a first job, each of the first job and the second job including information indicating one of paper feeding units; a detecting unit configured to detect whether a recording medium is stored in a paper feeding unit indicated by the first job; and an image formation control unit configured to cause the image forming unit to continue the image formation in accordance with the second job when the detecting unit detects that a recording medium is stored in the paper feeding unit, and cause the image forming unit to suspend the image formation in accordance with the second job when the detecting unit detects that no recording medium is stored in the paper feeding unit.

Abstract: Systems and methods of reproducing images onto surfaces are disclosed. In one embodiment, the system includes an image file that digitally produces a planar surface normal to a surface of a master model. The planar surfaces are referenced to a coordinate system of the master model through a series of points. A tracker surfacing system, comprising a tracking instrument, generates and emits a signal as the tracking instrument crosses the planar surface. An output device is actuated by the tracking device as it crosses the planar surface, reproducing the series of points as an image onto a surface, including a flat, curved or compound surface. Both the spatial position and orientation of the output device are detected and adjustments are made so that the image is precisely applied to intended locations on the surface being imaged.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrophotographic photoconductor including at least a photoconductive layer on an electroconductive substrate, which comprises at least a cross-linked surface layer formed by curing a tri- or more-functional radical polymerizable monomer without having a charge transporting structure and a mono-functional radical polymerizable compound having a charge transporting structure wherein the cross-linked surface layer has a surface roughness Rz of 1.3 ?m or less.

Abstract: Electron generating devices and LED arrays are arranged in a surrounding area of a photosensitive drum. The electron generating devices are located downstream of a cleaner and upstream of a developing unit with respect to a turning direction of the photosensitive drum with a specific gap between the electron generating devices and a surface of the photosensitive drum. The LED arrays are disposed against outer ends of the electron generating devices opposite to inner ends thereof facing the photosensitive drum. When activated by a driving circuit according to image information, individual LED elements of the LED arrays emit light, causing the electron generating devices to emit electrons in a pattern corresponding to the image information. The electrons emitted from the electron generating devices produce more electrons due to an electron avalanche phenomenon before reaching the photosensitive drum, eventually forming an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the photosensitive drum.

Abstract: An active matrix liquid crystal display panel has a pair of substrate structure and liquid crystal confined in a space between the substrate structures; non-transparent signal terminals and non-transparent connectors are formed in the frame area of one of the substrate structure where the thin film transistors and pixel electrodes are formed together with scanning and data signal lines; when a seal layer is formed along a predetermined route in the frame area, the manufacturer checks a negative vernier formed in the connectors to see whether or not the seal layer extends along the predetermined route before the assemblage so as to enhance the reliability of products without sacrifice of the pixel matrix.

Abstract: In a solid state radiation detector, an electrode layer, to which an electromagnetic wave for retrieval is irradiated, is formed by alternately arranging a first stripe electrode for transmitting the electromagnetic wave for retrieval and a second stripe electrode for shielding the same. Upon recording a radiation image, discharge breakdown of the first and the second stripe electrodes owing to application of a direct-current voltage is avoided.

Abstract: An image-forming apparatus includes a photosensitive member having a gamma for latent image of 3 or more, electrification facilities, light exposure facilities, image development facilities, image transfer facilities, cleaning facilities, and a charge erasing light source which applies an alternating current electric field at a frequency of 50 Hz to 1 kHz to a portion of the photosensitive member which is excited through light exposure by the charge erasing light source. Images with high quality and high resolution can be stably formed without residual images, even when continuous image formation is performed by utilizing a high gamma electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: An electrophotographic copying method, which comprises conducting each process of at least charging, exposing to light, developing and transferring, characterized in that the photoreceptor has at least an undercoat layer and a photosensitive layer on an electroconductive substrate, wherein the undercoat layer contains a semiconductive material having a band gap of at least 2.2 eV and a binder resin, the photosensitive layer contains at least a phthalocyanine compound as a charge-generation material, and image-formation is carried out from the first revolution of the photoreceptor.

Abstract: In an apparatus in which a yellow, magenta, and cyan toner images are superimposed on a photoreceptor drum made of a transparent material, an image exposure device is provided in the photoreceptor drum and emits exposure lights whose wavelength has a spectral reflective ratio lower than 30% for at least two of yellow, magenta, and cyan toners. The image forming processes is controlled so that a toner image for which the exposure lights have a spectral reflective ratio larger than 30% is formed after toner images for which the exposure lights have a spectral reflective ratio lower than 30% have been formed.

Abstract: A system and method for reducing residual electrostatic potential and ghosting in a photoconductor alleviates the problems of low optical density and ghosting. A charge is applied to a surface of the photoconductor, and the photoconductor is exposed to conditioning radiation having wavelengths selected to release charge carriers from trap sites within the photoconductor. The applied charge establishes an electric field across the photoconductor. The released charge carriers are transported within the photoconductor under influence of the electric field to reduce residual electrostatic potential in the photoconductor. The resulting reduction in residual electrostatic potential increases optical density and eliminates ghosting problems. The system and method can be applied to existing electrophotography machines, and can be realized, at least in part, by adaptation of existing hardware present in such machines, thereby adding very little complexity, cost, size, or power consumption.