Abstract: Provided is an alloy steel manufacturing method, the method including: preparing a manganese-containing first molten ferroalloy; preparing a chromium-containing second molten alloy; preparing molten steel; mixing the first molten ferroalloy and the second molten ferroalloy to manufacture third molten ferroalloy; and mix pouring the third molten ferroalloy and the molten steel to manufacture an alloy steel, wherein the phosphorous concentration in the molten steel may efficiently be controlled by reducing the converter end point temperature of the molten steel to improve a phosphorous control capacity during converter refining.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing alloy steel, the method comprising producing first alloy steel in a temperature holding furnace; maintaining the first alloy steel at a temperature of no lower than a melting point in the temperature holding furnace; and producing second alloy steel having an alloy content lower than the alloy content in the first alloy steel by melt mixing of the first alloy steel and molten steel. In the producing of the alloy steel, melting and storing of the ferroalloy are continuously performed, and thus, the temperature drop of the ferroalloy may be suppressed or prevented.

Abstract: Method of refining metal alloys A method of refining the grain size of (i) an alloy comprising aluminum and at least 3% w/w silicon or (ii) an alloy comprising magnesium, comprises the steps of (a) adding sufficient niobium and boron to the alloy in order to form niobium diboride or Al3Nb or both, or (b) adding niobium diboride to the alloy, or (c) adding Al3Nb to the alloy, or (d) any combination thereof.

Abstract: A method for the production of a highly stressable component from an ?+?-titanium aluminide alloy for reciprocating-piston engines and gas turbines, especially for aircraft engines, characterized in that the alloy used is a TiAl alloy with the following composition (in atom %): 40-48% Al; 2-8% Nb; 0.1-9% of at least one ?-phase-stabilizing element selected from Mo, V, Ta, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Fe, Si; 0-0.5% B; and a remainder of Ti and smelting-related impurities, wherein the deformation is carried out in a single stage starting from a preform with a volume distribution varying over the longitudinal axis, wherein the component is deformed isothermally in the ?-phase region at a logarithmic deformation rate of 0.01-0.5 1/s.

Abstract: A nano-pearlite rail and a process for manufacturing the same wherein the rail has excellent mechanical properties, including a tensile strength of no less than 1300 MPa, a yield strength of no less than 1000 MPa, a hardness of HRC 44-47, and an elongation of no less than 10%, as well as excellent wear resistance and fatigue resistance, and is particularly suitable for applications in heavy-haul railways, especially for the railway segments having a sharp turn, and for a wing rail in a bainite steel combined frog.

Abstract: A brake disc rotor or stator is manufactured with slots in the interior face of the disc. A paste comprised of a fine powder of a carbide-forming metal along with fine carbon powder, suspended in an organic binder, is applied to the force-bearing areas in the rotor slot faces or the stator slot faces. The disc is then placed into a furnace in a nitrogen atmosphere and heated to the ignition temperature. When the furnace reaches the ignition temperature, a combustion reaction begins that creates a molten liquid ceramic material on the slot face. Upon cooling, the resulting brake disc has a tough, hard, abrasion-resistant ceramic surface on the portion of the brake disc slot that bears pressure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an oxidation catalyst, a method for preparing the same, and a filter for exhaust gas purification comprising the same and, more specifically, to an oxidation catalyst, a method for preparing the same, and a filter for exhaust gas purification comprising the same, the oxidation catalyst being formed by comprising an amorphous metal alloy powder, thereby being preparable at a low cost, being capable of enhancing purification efficiency for exhaust gas when applied to the filter for exhaust gas purification, and being capable of deriving reliability enhancement for operation of an exhaust gas purifier having the filter for exhaust gas purification mounted therein.

Abstract: A bearing steel includes, as a metallographic structure, inclusions which contain complex oxysulfides including Rare Earth Metal, Ca, O, S, and Al, TiN, MnS, Al2O3, and complex oxides including Al and Ca, wherein, a number fraction of the complex oxysulfides in a total number of the inclusions is 50% to less than 100% and a number of complex oxysulfides having a major axis of 5 ?m or more is 0.001 pieces to 2 pieces in an observed section of 1 mm2, and a number of TiN existing independently from the complex oxysulfides and having a major axis of 5 ?m or more is 0.001 pieces to less than 1.0 piece in an observed section of 1 mm2.

Abstract: Disclosed is a nickel base alloy which is substantially free of rhenium and has a solidus temperature of more than 1320° C. Precipitates of a ??-phase are present in a ?-matrix with a fraction of 40 to 50 vol % at 1050° C. to 1100° C., and a ?/?? mismatch at 1050° C. to 1100° C. is from ?0.15% to ?0.25%. The alloy comprises 11 to 13 at % aluminum, 4 to 14 at % cobalt, 6 to 12 at % chromium, 0.1 to 2 at % molybdenum, 0.1 to 3.5 at % tantalum, 0.1 to 3.5 at % titanium, 0.1 to 3 at % tungsten. The tungsten content of the ?-matrix is greater than that in the precipitated ??-phases.

Abstract: A method including applying layers of multiple constituents where the constituents are capable of producing a non-equilibrium condition on the contacting surfaces of a ceramic matrix composite component and a gas turbine engine component where one outer coating includes a first constituent and the other outer coating includes a second constituent; forming a component assembly with the ceramic matrix composite component coupled to the gas turbine engine component with contact between the outer coatings; adding an energy to facilitate an equilibrium reaction between the first constituent of the first outer coating and the second constituent of the second outer coating; and as a result of adding the energy, forming a bond structure in the component assembly with a product of the equilibrium reaction where the bond structure affixes the ceramic matrix composite component to the gas turbine engine component between the first constituent and the second constituent.

Abstract: The present invention is steel for surface hardening for machine structural use which contains, by mass %, C: 0.3 to 0.6%, Si: 0.02 to 2.0%, Mn: 0.35 to less than 1.5%, and Al: 0.01 to 0.5%, is restricted to B: less than 0.0003%, S: 0.0001 to 0.021%, N: 0.003 to 0.0055%, P: 0.0001 to 0.03%, and O: 0.0001 to 0.0050%, has a ratio Mn/S of Mn and S satisfying 70 to 30,000, has a balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities, and, when nitrided, then induction hardened, has a surface hardenability of a Vicker's hardness when tempered at 300° C. of 650 or more.

Abstract: This cold-rolled steel sheet includes, in terms of mass %, C: not less than 0.05% and not more than 0.095%, Cr: not less than 0.15% and not more than 2.0%, B: not less than 0.0003% and not more than 0.01%, Si: not less than 0.3% and not more than 2.0%, Mn: not less than 1.7% and not more than 2.6%, Ti: not less than 0.005% and not more than 0.14%, P: not more than 0.03%, S: not more than 0.01%, Al: not more than 0.1%, N: less than 0.005%, O: not less than 0.0005% and not more than 0.005%, and contains as the remainder, iron and unavoidable impurities, wherein the microstructure of the steel sheet includes mainly polygonal ferrite having a crystal grain size of not more than 4 ?m, and hard microstructures of bainite and martensite, the block size of the martensite is not more than 0.9 ?m, the Cr content within the martensite is 1.1 to 1.5 times the Cr content within the polygonal ferrite, and the tensile strength is at least 880 MPa.

Abstract: A steel product with a high austenite grain coarsening temperature having less than 0.4% carbon, less than 0.06% aluminium, less than 0.01% titanium, less than 0.01% niobium, and less than 0.02% vanadium by weight, and having fine oxide particles containing silicon and iron distributed through the steel microstructure having an average particle size less than 50 nanometers and may be between 5 and 30 nanometers. The steel product may have fine oxide particles distributed through the microstructure capable of restricting ferrite recrystallization for strain levels up to at least 10.0%, for temperatures up to 750° C. with holding times up to 20 minutes. The steel product may be made by continuous casting of steel strip introduced between the casting rolls to form a casting pool of molten carbon steel having a total oxygen content of at least 70 ppm usually less than 250 ppm, and a free oxygen content 20 and 60 ppm, counter rotating the casting rolls.

Abstract: A high-strength steel sheet includes: 0.03 to 0.20% of C, 0.08 to 1.5% of Si, 0.5 to 3.0% of Mn, 0.05% or less of P, 0.0005% or more of S, 0.008 to 0.20% of acid-soluble Ti, 0.0005 to 0.01% of N, more than 0.01% of acid-soluble Al, and 0.001 to 0.04% of one or both of Ce and La in terms of mass %; and the balance including Fe and inevitable impurities. The ratio of (Ce+La)/acid-soluble Al is equal to or more than 0.1 and the ratio of (Ce+La)/S is in the range of 0.4 to 50 in a mass base, and the density of the number of inclusions, having a circle equivalent diameter of 2 ?m or less, which are present in the steel sheet is equal to or more than 15/mm2.

Abstract: A method of making nanostructured alloy particles includes milling a millbase in a pebble mill containing milling media. The millbase comprises: (i) silicon, and (ii) at least one of carbon or a transition metal, and wherein the nanostructured alloy particles are substantially free of crystalline domains greater than 50 nanometers in size. A method of making a negative electrode composition for a lithium ion battery including the nanostructured alloy particles is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for making a strain aging resistant steel comprises adding boron to the steel, wherein substantially all of the boron in the steel forms boron nitride. A method for making steel comprises adding a nitride-forming element to the steel to lower the free nitrogen content of the steel to a free nitrogen content specification. A high-carbon steel contains boron nitride, wherein the free nitrogen content of the steel is less than 80 ppm. A strain aging resistant steel wherein the carbon content of the steel is between about 0.54 percent and about 0.75 percent.

Abstract: A method of forming and refining molten silicon-bearing steel by addition of a calcium-containing silicon additive. Determine if the amount of calcium in the calcium-containing silicon additive is more or less than the amount of calcium desired in the finished steel. If it is more than the amount of calcium desired in the finished steel, add the amount of calcium-containing silicon additive corresponding to the excess calcium early during steel deoxidation or in refining to combine with oxygen, sulfur and other impurities in refining, and add the calcium-containing silicon additive containing the total amount of calcium desired in the finished steel after the desulfurization of the molten steel and before casting. If the amount of calcium in the calcium-containing silicon additive does not provide the total amount of calcium desired in the finished steel, adding an additional amount of calcium after desulfurization of the molten steel and before casting to the molten steel during refining.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tool steel, the composition of which comprises (the percentages being expressed in % by weight): 0.8 ? C ? 1.5 5.0 ? Cr ? 14 0.2 ? Mn ? 3 Ni ? 5 V ? 1 Nb ? 0.1 Si + Al ? 2 Cu ? 1 S ? 0.3 Ca ? 0.1 Se ? 0.1 Te ? 0.1 1.0 ? Mo + ½W ? 4 0.06 ? Ti + ½Zr ? 0.15 0.004 ? N ? 0.02 the balance of the composition consisting of iron and impurities resulting from the smelting, it being furthermore understood that: 2.5×10?4%2?(Ti+½Zr)×N, to a process for manufacturing parts made in this steel and to the parts obtained.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a free-cutting steel capable of suppressing production of coarse inclusions, and having a high fatigue strength and a desirable machinability. The free-cutting steel aimed at solving the foregoing problems consists essentially of, in % by mass, C: 0.1-0.5%, Si: 0.05-2.5%, Mn: 0.1-3.5%, S: 0.0005-0.004%, Al: 0.01-0.06%, Ti: 0.003-0.01%, O: up to 0.0015%, N: 0.003-0.01%, Bi: 0.015-0.025%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein the formula (1) below is satisfied: ?4.8?log(([N]?0.0015)×[Ti]0.98)??4.3.

Abstract: At least one of lower and upper magnetic cores is composed of magnetic films each of which contains two or more elements of Co, Ni, and Fe, which are formed by electroplating in a plating bath with pH 2 or less, and which have a saturation magnetic flux density of 23,000 gauss or more.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for grain refining of steel. A grain refining alloy having a composition FeXY where X is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mn, Si, Ni, and Mo and where Y is one or more oxide and/or sulphide and or nitride and/or carbide forming elements selected from the group consisting of Ce, La, Nd, Pr, Ti, Al, Zr, Ca, Ba, Sr, Mg, C and N where X is between 0.001 and 99% by weight based on the weight of the alloy and where Y is between 0.001 and 50% by weight of the alloy, said alloy additionally containing between 0.001 and 2% by weight of oxygen and/or between 0.001 and 2% by weight of sulphur, said alloy containing at least 103 inclusion particles per mm3 consisting of oxides and/or sulphides and/or carbides and/or nitrides of one or more of the Y elements and/or one or more of the X elements Cr, Mn and Si in addition to Fe, said inclusion particles having a mean diameter of less than 10 ?m, is added to molten steel in an amount of between 0.

Abstract: A method for forming a supported metal-containing powder. The method comprises forming a dispersion of a particulate support in a solution, which comprises a solvent and a dissolved metal. Heat is removed from the dispersion to precipitate the dissolved metal from the solution onto the particulate support. Preferably, enough heat is removed to freeze the solution. Also, the heat is removed is preferably removed from the dispersion by contacting a container containing the dispersion with a cryogenic liquid. After precipitating the dissolved metal onto the particulate support, the particulate support is separated from the solution, preferably by freeze-drying, to yield the supported metal-containing powder, which comprises the particulate support and a precipitated metal thereon.

Abstract: A ferritic stainless steel alloy useful as a substrate for catalytic converter material consists of, by weight: 15-21% Cr, 8-12% Al, 0.01-0.09% Ce, 0.02-0.1% total of REM, and possible minor amounts of further elements, other than the ones mentioned, the balance being Fe with normally occurring impurities. These alloys have managed to combine a high content of Al with a good hot and cold workability.

Abstract: This invention relates to a stainless steel gasket having markedly improved strength and fatigue properties due to precipitation strengthening. Its composition comprises C: at most 0.03%, Si: at most 1.0%, Mn: at most 2%, Cr: 16.0%-18.0%, Ni: 6.0%-8.0%, N: at most 0.25%, if necessary Nb: at most 0.30%, and a remainder of Fe and unavoidable impurities. After cold rolling, final annealing is carried out, and after a structure is formed of recrystallized grains with an average grain diameter of at most 5 ?m having an area ratio of 50-100% and an unrecrystallized portion having an area ratio of 0-50%, a metal gasket is formed by steps including temper rolling with a reduction of at least 30% to make the area ratio of a strain induced martensite phase at least 40%, and forming and heat treatment at 200-350° C.

Abstract: A magnetic circuit member contains a matrix portion including iron and silicon; and graphite particles in the matrix. Each of the graphite particles has either a spherical shape or a compact vermicular shape. The inclusion of graphite particles having a relatively low conductivity in the matrix portion having a good magnetic property prevents eddy currents from forming in the magnetic circuit member in an alternating magnetic field, thus preserving the original magnetic property found in the absence of the alternating magnetic field. Each of the graphite particles has a spherical or compact vermicular shape that does not intercept magnetic flux passing through the material forming the magnetic circuit member. The graphite contained in the material improves liquidity of the melted material in casting, thus the magnetic circuit member can be manufactured by casting.

Abstract: High speed steel (HSS) compositions having less C and Cr contents than standard grades of HSS to permit carburization using conventional techniques. The alloys contain less than 0.40 wt. % C and less than 2% Cr. The low Cr content is a critical factor in enhancing the ease of carburizing the present steels. The resulting HSS compositions possess high hardness and fracture resistance. More particularly, the steels include, in % by weight: 0-0.4% C; 0.5-1.5% Cr; 1.5-3.5% Ni; 0.1-0.6% M; 0.15-0.65% Si; 0.03 max % P; 0.03 max % S; one or more members selected from the group consisting of 4.0-15.3% Mo; 1.0-5.7% V; up to 13% Co and up to 28% W, and wherein the aggregate amount of %Cr+%Mo+%V+%W+%Co is between 7.5-35% and balance essentially Fe and incidental impurities. A method for treating the above alloy includes the steps of carburizing at about 960° C. followed by quenching, preheating to about 870° C. followed by austenitizing at 1125° C.-1225° C.

Abstract: A material for shadow mask having the following composition of components: C≦0.0008 wt %, Si≦0.03 wt %, Mn:0.1 to 0.5 wt %, P≦0.02 wt %, S≦0.02 wt %, Al:0.01 to 0.07 wt %, N≦0.0030 wt %, B: an amount satisfying the formula: 5 ppm≦B−11/14×N≦30 ppm, balance: Fe and inevitable impurities; a method for producing the material; a shadow mask using the material (cold rolled steel sheet); and an image receiving tube equipped with the shadow mask. The material has excellent etching characteristics, which are uniform within the same coil, and excellent press formability.

Abstract: Dip-coated ferrite stainless steel sheet usable in the automobile exhaust sector, characterized in that it comprises a steel core with the following composition by weight: 10.5%≦chromium≦20% 0%≦aluminum≦0.6% 0.003%≦carbon≦0.06% 0.003%≦nitrogen≦0.04% 0%≦silicon≦0.6% 0%≦manganese≦0.6% 0%≦sulfur≦0.002% iron and impurities inherent in processing, and a metal coating deposited by dipping the strip in a molten metal bath containing in particular aluminum and at least one rare earth element: cerium, lanthanum, praseodymium, neodymium, mixed metal and/or yttrium.

Abstract: An austenitic manganese steel microalloyed with nitrogen, vanadium and titanium used for castings such as mantles, bowls and jaws manufactured as wear components of crushers in the mining and aggregate industries, hammers used in scrap shredders, frogs and switches used in railway crossings and buckets and track shoes used in mining power shovels. These novel compositions exhibit a fine grain size having carbonitride precipitates that result in castings having a wear life 20-70% longer than prior art castings. The austenitic manganese steel includes, in weight percentages, the following: about 11.0% to 24.0% manganese, about 1.0% to 1.4% carbon, up to about 1% silicon, up to about 1.9% chromium, up to about 0.25% nickel, up to about 1.0% molybdenum, up to about 0.2% aluminum, up to about 0.25% copper, phosphorus and sulfur present as impurities in amounts of about 0.07% max and about 0.06% max. respectively, microalloying additions of titanium in the amounts of about 0.020-0.

Abstract: A method of retaining composite preforms in the nature of fiber/metal matrix composites in position during processing, comprising the steps of positioning a predetermined assembly of fibers and metal matrix on a mandrel. The metal matrix may be in the form of wires, powder or foil. A retaining wire of a suitable heat resistant metal, such as titanium is spirally wound under tension over the fiber/metal matrix assembly to retain the assembly in a predetermined position on the mandrel during subsequent processing.

Abstract: A method of producing a fully stabilized extra low carbon porcelain enameling steel having excellent formability and fish scaling resistance as well as superior enamel adherence. The method includes hot rolling a slab to strip, the slab having a composition consisting essentially of in weight percent: 0.005 max. C, 0.35 max. Mn, 0.015 max. P, 0.015 max. S, 0.015 max. Si, 0.025 to 0.055 Al, 0.006 to 0.015 N, 0.03 to 0.06 Ti, 0.02 to 0.05 Cb, up to 0.03 Sb, the balance Fe and inevitable impurities. The hot rolled strip is cold rolled at least 65% and box annealed until a cold spot temperature within the range of 610 to 705 degrees C. is reached. The invention includes the product made according to the process.

Abstract: The invention relates to medium carbon steels and low alloy steels having a concentration of a machinability enhancing agent (“MEA”), i.e. tin and/or antimony, at its ferrite grain boundaries which enhances the steel's machinability and to processes for producing such steels. The invention encompasses medium carbon steels and low alloy steels characterized by having MEA bulk contents of from about 0.02 to about 0.09 weight percent, by having the sum of the MEA bulk content and the copper bulk content being no greater than about 0.10 weight percent, and by having a microstructure at the time of machining having a concentration of MEA at ferrite grain boundaries in an amount at least about five times the MEA bulk content of the steel.

Abstract: A method of designing a ferritic iron-base alloy having excellent characteristics according not to the conventional trial-and-error technique but to a theoretical method, and a ferritic heat-resistant steel for use as the material of turbines and boilers usable even in an ultrasupercritical pressure power plant.

Abstract: An alloy and alloy product has about 1.3% to 1.7% by weight concentration of silicon, along with iron, alloying elements, and inevitable impurities and exhibits improved resistance to hydrogen embrittlement and sulfide stress cracking in an intensive hydrogen-charged medium wherein H from the medium acts as an alloying element. The alloy is characterized by an Fe--Si--H system wherein Fe is a donor element with respect to Si and Si is an acceptor element with respect to Fe. Further, the alloying elements are Fe--Si noninteractive elements with respect to Fe and Si, such that the presence of the alloying elements are not donor or acceptor elements with respect to Fe or Si. In several alloy compositions, the alloy has between about 1.38% to 1.63% weight Si. The alloy may further include between about 0.10% to 0.25% weight of C. In one particular alloy, the alloy composition includes about 0.18% of C; although, in one alloy product, an alloy is used having about 0.16% to 0.24% weight of C.

Abstract: Titanium killed steel sheets which are not troubled by nozzle clogging while they are produced in a continuous casting process, have few surface defects caused by cluster-type inclusions, and are highly rust resistant, and are formed from a melt of titanium killed steel that contains any one or two of Ca and metals REM in an amount of not smaller than 0.0005% by weight, and wherein the steel contains major oxide inclusions of any one or two of CaO and REM oxides in an amount of from about 5 to 50% by weight, Ti oxides in an amount of not larger than about 90% by weight, and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 in an amount of not larger than about 70% by weight.

Abstract: In a method for producing alloyed steels, wherein in a first manufacturing step iron carriers are to a great extent decarburized and dephosphorized by means of oxygen and after removal of the slag resulting therefrom the melt is adjusted to the desired alloy and carbon content in a further manufacturing step after addition of alloy carriers by means of oxygen and inert gas.Especially in order to produce stainless steels in an economical manner while achieving a high level of productivity, in particular while charging major amounts of solids,the first manufacturing step is carried out under supply of electric energy in an electric furnace andthe further manufacturing step is also effected under supply of electric energy, in an electric furnace that is to a great extent free from phosphorus-containing slag.

Abstract: A process for making iron, cobalt and/or nickel base alloys containing rhenium. The process involves melting together the components that form the alloys, at least one of the components being a rhenium master alloy having 30 to 70 wt % rhenium, then casting the resultant melt and allowing the melt to solidify. Possible difficulties such as the formation of rhenium heptoxide are avoided by using a master alloy containing (i) rhenium and (ii) iron, cobalt and/or nickel, instead of sintered rhenium as the rhenium source during the melting step.

Abstract: A process for making a crystalline solid-solution powder which involves reacting at least two reactants in a plasma arc of a plasma chamber and blast-cooling the resultant product in a high velocity gas stream to form the powder. The first reactant is a molten metal alloy and the second reactant is a gas. The reaction is carried out in a plasma arc and the products rapidly cooled by a gas stream acting at the outlet opening of the plasma chamber. The crystalline solid-solution powder formed by the process has a low electrical resistivity. If an indium-tin alloy is used as the first reactant and oxygen as the second reactant, there is obtained an indium-tin-oxide (ITO) crystalline solid-solution powder which, when compacted to 40% of its theoretical density, has an electrical resistivity in the range of about 2 .OMEGA.cm. This ITO crystalline solid-solution powder is particularly suitable for preparing an ITO target, with high electrical conductivity and thus high achievable sputtering rates.

Abstract: Metallic magnesium and pure magnesium oxide are produced by carbothermal reduction of starting materials such as magnesium oxide containing minor amounts of oxides of Fe, Si, Ca and Al, and/or magnesium silicate minerals, such as olivine, at subatmospheric pressure. Metallic magnesium is evaporated from a reduction zone and pure metallic magnesium and pure magnesium oxide are precipitated in a second condensation zone. Si is partly evaporated as SiO which is precipitated in a first condensation zone upstream the second condensation zone, partly converted to SiC and an alloy of Si and Fe in the reaction mixture. The starting materials may also be processed by a method wherein their magnesium component is converted to magnesium oxide in the reaction mixture, while the remaining components are converted to SiC and an alloy of Si and Fe. Au and valuable siderophilic elements may be recovered by leaching the alloy of Si and Fe.

Abstract: A non-heat treated, high tensile strength, highly formable steel strap that may be applied in a tensioned loop about packaged articles with a strapping machine. The strap is fabricated from a steel comprising approximately, 0.20 to 0.25 percent carbon, 0.30 to 0.60 percent manganese, 0.04 percent maximum phosphorus, 0.05 percent maximum sulfur, an aluminum in an amount sufficient for full aluminum kill, 0.10 percent maximum silicon, and a boron to free nitrogen ratio of approximately between 1.07 to 1.43. The steel is coiled at a coiling temperature of approximately 1100 degrees Fahrenheit to reduce self-annealing that occurs during air cooling after coiling. The coiled steel is then reduced approximately 80 percent by cold rolling to increase tensile strength before it is fabricated into steel strap which may be protected with a zinc coating.

Abstract: Use of a carbon-based catalyst composition, particularly activated-carbon, optionally containing at least one metal selected from Ni, Co, Mo, W, Fe, or mixtures thereof, for heavy oil hydroprocessing. Recovery and partial gasification of the catalyst to produce a synthesis gas and a partially gasified catalyst residue. Use of the synthesis gas in a process to produce synthetic hydrocarbons and use of the catalyst residue in steel or alloy production. Catalysts used for heavy oil hydrocarbon hydroprocessing frequently become contaminated with metals which increase the cost of disposal of the spent catalysts, e.g. landfills. This invention uses a specific catalyst for hydroprocessing which can then be partially gasified to produce a catalyst residue which can be further used in steel or alloy production, thereby reducing the need for expensive disposal.

Abstract: This invention relates to master alloy hardeners for use in preparing aluminum base alloys. The respective concentrations of the alloying elements in the master alloy hardener are a multiple equal to or greater than 2 of the concentrations of such elements in the base alloy, and the ratios of the alloying elements in the master alloy hardener to each other are the same as the ratios of the alloying elements in the base alloy. After the aluminum base alloy and the concentration of each alloying element therein are identified, a desired multiple of such concentrations is determined. An aluminum master alloy is prepared that contains the alloying elements at concentrations equivalent to such multiple of the corresponding concentrations of the elements in the base alloy. The master alloy hardeners are added to commercially pure aluminum to provide the desired base alloy.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for making steel alloys directly in a tundish. Base steel enters the tundish from a ladle. An alloying chamber having a plurality of inlets is positioned above a tundish drain. An alloying material (for example, a wire including one or more alloying ingredients) is fed into the alloying chamber through a feed pipe originating above the liquid level in the tundish. Molten base steel enters the alloying chamber through the inlets and is mixed with the alloying material to make a steel alloy, which exits through the drain. The method and apparatus are especially suitable for making small order quantities of alloy steel of less than one ladle volume.

Abstract: A method of producing amorphous alloy thin strip suitable for use in commercial frequency band transformers utilizes a high-quality molten steel suitable for electromagnetic silicon steel plates but containing insufficient silicon and boron. The molten steel is divided when tapped out of a converter or after a vacuum degasifying steel making process, and silicon and boron are added with heating to create the desired composition. The molten steel is formed into thin amorphous alloy strip by quenching.

Abstract: A metallic solid comprising an metal-carbon matrix of an allotropic metal and metallofullerites of the allotropic metal is disclosed, along with an associated method of forming the solid by interrupting and temporarily holding a metal-carbon melt at the point through the cooling curve at which the solidifying metal passes through the allotropic transformation stage for the metal defined by the overall proportion of allotropic metal and carbon in the melt.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for producing silicon and/or aluminum containing iron alloy product as well as the material produced from same in either sheet or bulk structure form for electromagnetic circuit application. The process entails modifying an iron feedstock containing less than about 2.5 wt % silicon, aluminum or a combination thereof. The process further consists of diffusion of silicon or silicon and aluminum or aluminum into an iron feedstock by a pack diffusion or a chemical vapor deposition method in which the iron feedstock is heated to a temperature at which diffusion occurs in the presence of a pack containing silicon and/or aluminum sources, a reducing agent, a catalyst, and a filler, or in the presence of a flowing gas stream containing a volatile silicon compound. The resulting iron alloy product, which has a silicon content in the range of 0.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a composite structure consisting of a filamentary material selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide, silicon carbide-coated boron, boron carbide-coated boron, titanium boride-coated silicon carbide and silicon-coated silicon carbide, embedded in an alpha-2 titanium aluminide metal matrix, which comprises the steps of modifying the desired filamentary material with at least one beta stabilizer, providing a beta-stabilized Ti.sub.3 Al foil, fabricating a preform consisting of alternating layers of foil and a plurality of at least one of the beta stabilizer-coated filamentary materials, and applying heat and pressure to consolidate the preform.The composite structure fabricated using the method of this invention is characterized by its lack of a denuded zone and absence of fabrication cracking.

Abstract: A magnetic metallic glass alloy exhibits, in combination, high saturation induction and high Curie temperature. The alloy has a composition described by the formula Fe.sub.a Co.sub.b Ni.sub.c B.sub.d Si.sub.e C.sub.f, where "a"-"f" are in atom percent, "a" ranges from about 75 to about 81, "b" ranges from 0 to about 6, "c" ranges from about 2 to about 6, "d" ranges from about 11 to about 16, "e" ranges from 0 to about 4, and "f" ranges from 0 to about 4, with the provisos that (i) the sum of "b" and "c" may not be greater than about 8, (ii) "d" may not be greater than about 14 when "b" is zero (iii) "e" may be zero only when "b" is greater than zero, and (iv) "f" is zero when "e" is zero. This alloy is suitable for use in large magnetic cores used in various applications requiring high magnetization rates, and in the cores of line frequency power distribution transformers, airborne transformers, current transformers, ground fault interrupters, switch-mode power supplies, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the formation of whisker reinforced metal matrix composites in which complex boride or carbide whiskers having an aspect ratio of greater than 10:1 are distributed throughout a metal, metal alloy, or intermetallic matrix. Exemplary complex boride whiskers include TiNbB, TiTaB, TiVB, NbHfB, and TiNbMoB. Exemplary complex carbide whiskers include TiNbC, TiVC, TiZrC, TiHfC, and TiTaC. A method for the in-situ formation of complex boride and complex carbide whiskers within metallic matrices is disclosed which involves reacting a mixture of individual complex ceramic-forming constituents in the presence of a metal to precipitate the desired complex ceramic whiskers in a metal matrix.

Abstract: A matrix-bonded carbide-containing material of high hardness is prepared using a mixture containing a matrix alloy having a composition in weight percent of from about 15 to about 45 percent chromium, from 0 to about 3 percent silicon, from about 2 to about 6 percent boron, from about 3 to about 11 percent titanium (either as metal or as a compound), balance iron and impurities, and a mass of tungsten carbide particles, the tungsten carbide particles preferably being present in an amount of from about 15 to about 60 percent by weight of the total mixture and the matrix alloy preferably being present in an amount of from about 85 to about 40 percent by weight of the total mixture. The matrix alloy is melted to produce a flowable mixture having a liquid phase and solid tungsten carbide particles, and thereafter solidified. During melting, the tungsten carbide particle size is reduced by interaction with the liquid phase.