Abstract: The present disclosure is concerned with inhibiting corrosion in metal, usually steel, equipment which is exposed to oil field production flow including gases, oil, water, and sand. It is injected into the aqueous stream and carried with it to contact and coat the metal surfaces. It includes a corrosion inhibitor including at least one sulfur amine based on the equation:R--X(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 NZ).sub.n C.sub.2 H.sub.4 NYIn which R is a C12-36 hydrocarbon;X is an amide-CO--NH-- or 5 membered cyclic imidazoline ring;Z is H or Y; Y is SO.sub.2 ;and .sub.n is an integer from 1 to 8.

Abstract: A method of protecting carbon and low-alloy steels from high temperature hydrogen attack. A carbon or low-alloy steel portion of a reactor system that is to be contacted with high pressure hydrogen at elevated temperatures is provided with an intermetallic, diffusion barrier layer that reduces the rate of hydrogen attack at least ten-fold compared to the steel portion without the diffusion barrier layer.

Abstract: A method is provided for making mirrors having enhanced reflective layer resistance to corrosion. The reflective layer of the mirror, typically silver, is contacted, preferably simultaneously, with a first solution containing a specific cation and a second solution containing a specific anion, or alkaline material which forms hydroxyl ions, the specific cation and specific anion or hydroxyl ion reacting to form a water insoluble precipitate on the silver surface. The mirror may then be painted to provide additional corrosion resistance to the mirror. The method eliminates the need for a copper layer on the silver surface and the method may be incorporated into existing mirror production lines as a replacement for the copper layering step. Also provided are an apparatus for making the mirrors and the mirrors made using the method and apparatus of the invention. A preferred cation containing solution contains tin (e.g., SnCl.sub.2) and a preferred anion containing solution contains hydroxyl ions (e.g., NaOH).

Abstract: Water to be utilized is reacted with soda ash and lime to produce a less corrosive and foulant water. Reaction sludges are fed to a desulfurization unit, where SO.sub.x, NO.sub.x and CO.sub.2 abatement occurs; other industrial waste sludges and/or waters and/or gases can also be utilized in such connection. FIG. 1 is one of the possible process schemes of present invention.

Abstract: A corrosion preventive method and an apparatus for preventing corrosion of stainless steel components in an exhaust gas desulfurizing apparatus of an exhaust gas treatment system comprising the exhaust gas desulfurizing apparatus for removing at least sulfur dioxide by bringing exhaust gas into contact with absorbing solution, wherein specific means is employed to maintain the Cl.sup.- concentration and SO.sub.4.sup.2- concentration at a corrosion preventive side of the corrosion resisting limit of stainless steel.

Abstract: Water to be utilized is reacted with soda ash and lime to produce a less corrosive and foulant water. Reaction sludges are fed to a desulfurization unit, where SO.sub.x, NO.sub.x and CO.sub.2 abatement occurs; other industrial waste sludges and/or waters and/or gases can also be utilized in such connection. FIG. 1 is one of the possible process schemes of the present invention.

Abstract: A method of preparing a (Me)bis-hydrogen cyanamide composition with enhanced corrosion preventive activity, wherein Me is a divalent metal selected from the group consisting of nickel and cobalt or mixtures thereof. The method includes precipitating Ni(OH).sub.2 or Co(OH).sub.2 or mixtures thereof, in situ in a liquid reaction medium, containing a soluble cobalt or nickel salt and sodium hydroxide and a stoichiometric excess of H.sub.2 NCN and immediately reacting the resultant precipitate with H.sub.2 NCN. Precipitation of coprecipitated pigment compositions including the aforementioned derivatives and zinc cyanamide is also disclosed.

Abstract: Chloride dioxide for a cellulose pulp mill bleach plant is produced by concentrating (evaporating) liquid effluents from the bleach plant to a concentration level high enough for incineration, incinerating the concentrated effluents to produce an ash, chemically reacting at least a part of the ash to produce chlorate, and using the chlorate in the manufacture of chlorine dioxide. The ash is purified to produce sodium chloride and the sodium chloride is reacted with oxygen and external energy to produce sodium chlorate. The chlorate is then used in the manufacture of chlorine dioxide. Sulfates produced are used to manufacture acid and/or caustic, and heavy metal hydroxides are disposed of. A part of the ash may be used directly in chlorine dioxide manufacture. At least some of the salt from chlorate manufacture may be fed to the chemical recovery loop, including a recovery boiler, in the pulp mill. Evaporated gases may be returned to the pulp mill and bleach plant.

Abstract: The present invention provides anticorrosive pigments on the basis of tertiary alkaline-earth aluminum phosphates, particularly those where the numerical atomic ratio x:y:z of formula AE.sub.x Al.sub.y (PO.sub.4).sub.z of alkaline earth to aluminum to phosphorus or phosphate is 50-70% to 5-30% to 20-50%. It also provides a process for their production in which an alkaline-earth compound and aluminum compound sufficiently soluble with phosphoric acid are reacted with phosphoric acid, the precipitated pigment is filtered off as usual and dried, optionally calcined and optionally ground.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for eliminating unwanted materials, such as corrosive gases, from an effluent gas flow line includes a reactive trap wherein chemical reaction between the unwanted material, a reactant gas and a reactive element takes place under induced plasma conditions. A ballast gas may be added to adjust operating pressures and to aid in creating the plasma. The reactant gas and the reactive element are selected so that relative harmless by-products are produced. The reactive element is preferably maintained at a temperature of approximately 400.degree. C. and the chemical by-products are passed through a condensation element in the reactive trap which element is maintained at approximately 30.degree. C. Preferably, the plasma is induced by a microwave transmitter in conjunction with a waveguide inserted into a reactive trap, and a control system automatically monitors and adjusts the temperature and pressure of the reaction as well as controls the ratio of effluent gas and ballast gas.

Abstract: Disclosed is a corrosion preventive pigment consisting essentially of(a) a phosphorus compound which generates phosphate ions in the presence of water and oxygen, selected from the group consisting of a phosphorous pentoxide, an orthophosphoric acid, a condensed phosphoric acid, and alkaline earth metal or transition metal phosphate, or an alkaline earth metal or transition metal condensed phosphate, and(b) a vanadium compound which generates a vanadate ion in the presence of water and oxygen, selected from the group consisting of vanadium (V) oxide, a vanadyl compound, an alkaline earth metal or transition metal vanadate, a baked condensate of alkaline earth metal or transition metal vanadates, or a heterocondensate of alkaline earth metal or transition metal vanadates;and which has a pH value of from 5 to 9.

Abstract: Boiler fouling, particularly in air preheater section, is minimized by combining with a substance designed to neutralize acids a detergent builder such as the sodium, potassium and ammonium phosphates, polyphosphates, silicates, metasilicates, borates, metaborates and sesquicarbonates.

Abstract: A process for abating corrosion caused by ammonium bisulfate in a crude column overhead transfer line operated at a temperature above the nominal aqueous dew point and in contact with a crude oil feed stream containing sulfur oxides, ammonia and a hydrochloric acid neutralizing amine, which process comprises maintaining a chloride level in said crude oil feed stream sufficient to provide a mole ratio of ammonium chloride to ammonium bisulfate of greater than about 20 in said crude column overhead transfer line.

Abstract: An improved method for reducing fouling and corrosion of ethylene cracking furnaces petroleum feedstocks, the improvement comprising treating the petroleum feed stock with at least 10 ppm of a combination of a phosphorous antifoulant compound and a filming inhibitor. The antifoulant compound is chosen from the group consisting of phosphite esters, phosphate esters, thiophosphite esters, thiophosphate esters and mixtures thereof, said esters being characterized by the formulas ##STR1## where X equals S or O, and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3, are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, water soluble amine, alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aralkyl group provided that in at least one and not more than two of each R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are water soluble amines having partition coefficients greater than 1.0 mixed with a filming amount of at least 2-20 ppm imidazoline filming inhibitor prepared preferably from naphthenic or fatty acids and poly amines.