Abstract: Methods and systems for selection radiation exposure in sterilization of medical devices are disclosed.

Abstract: A magnetic memory device including a Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ) device comprises a substrate and Front End of Line (FEOL) circuitry. A Via level (VA) InterLayer Dielectric (ILD) layer, a bottom conductor layer, and an MTJ device formed over the top surface of the VA ILD layer are formed over a portion of the substrate. An alignment region including alignment marks extends through the bottom conductor layer and extends down into the device below the top surface of the VA ILD layers is juxtaposed with the MJT device.

Abstract: A phase shifting mask repair process is described. The process uses an etching gas or a hydrofluoric acid solution to etch the quartz substrate and the characteristics of the phase shifter layer being only slightly etched when clean with a NH3/H2O2/H2O2 solution to calculate and adjust the respective processing time accordingly. As a result, the phase difference between the quartz substrate and the MoSiON phase shifter layer stays relatively the same before and after the repair process.

Abstract: Methods are provided for large-scale purification of recombinant AAV (rAAV) virions that were produced in the absence of infectious adenovirus. Preferably, the rAAV is produced in a host cell line via triple-transfection with an accessory function vector, an AAV vector, and an AAV helper vector. The methods include preparing a lysate from the host cell line and passing that lysate over various combinations of ion exchange chromatography media and/or affinity chromatography media. The affinity chromatography medium is an AAV receptor or an antibody with binding affinity for AAV, e.g., heparin sulfate. A variety of cation exchange and anion exchange media are contemplated by the present invention. In certain embodiments, optional purification steps may be included, such as filtering the lysate through one or more filters, or treating the lysate with a nuclease.

Abstract: A low cost, fast method for evaluating the effects of lens heating in a step and repeat projection system is disclosed. The first step is to form a series of photoresist images on a single substrate in the same way as would be done during normal stepping and repeating. The first few images, located centrally, will be produced by a cool lens. As more images are generated, the lens gradually heats up so that the final few images, which are placed alongside the `cool` images, will be produced by a hot lens. Critical dimension bars are present in all image fields (at diagonally opposite corners and in the center), their size in the developed photoresist being an indication of the extent to which the focal plane has drifted. This is then used to compute correction factors for the manufacturer's scaling constants and/or to evaluate the extent, if any, of curvature of field in the projected images.

Abstract: A method of image formation using mask for exposure to form an image on photographic paper is disclosed. The mask is composed of transferred images of the dyes of yellow, cyan and magenta. The spectral absorption peak wavelength of the dye is set in a range close to the wavelength at the maximum value of each of the regular, orthochromatic and panchromatic spectral sensitivities of the photographic paper to be used. In the spectral absorption of cyan of the mask for exposure, the absorbance of the wavelength at the maximum value of each of the regular and orthochromatic spectral sensitivities of the photographic paper to be used, is set at a value not more than a predetermined value. In the spectral absorption of yellow of the mask for exposure, the absorbance of the wavelength at the maximal value of each of the orthochromatic and panchromatic spectral sensitivities of the photographic paper to be used, is set at a value not more than a predetermined value.

Abstract: A photomask used in photolithography is characterized in that the photomask is provided with a transparent substrate having two opposite main surfaces and a light-shielding pattern formed on one main surface, that the other main surface includes a plurality of irregularly distributed concaves and convexes, and that a spacing and a height of the concaves and convexes are within a range from 50 to 1000 times a wavelength of light used in photolithography.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of obtaining from an imagewise exposed photographic element separate records of the imagewise exposure to each of the blue, green and red portions of the spectrum comprising photographically processing an imagewise exposed photographic element comprised of a sequence of superimposed blue, green and red recording silver halide emulsion layer units at least two of which produce images of the same hue upon processing (e.g., lacking an incorporated dye-forming coupler), and obtaining separate blue, green and red exposure records from the photographic element. The photographic element is additionally comprised of, interposed between the two emulsion layer units, an interlayer unit for transmitting to the emulsion layer unit of the two units which is nearer the support, electromagnetic radiation that this emulsion layer unit is intended to record and capable, after processing, of reflecting electromagnetic radiation within at least one wavelength region.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of obtaining from an imagewise exposed photographic element separate records of the imagewise exposure to each of the blue, green and red portions of the spectrum comprising photographically processing an imagewise exposed photographic element comprised of a sequence of superimposed blue, green and red recording silver halide emulsion layer units that produce images of the same hue upon processing (e.g., lacking an incorporated dye-forming coupler). A first interlayer overlies the emulsion layer unit nearest the support for transmitting to it imagewise exposing radiation this emulsion layer unit is intended to record and for absorbing after photographic processing scanning radiation within at least one wavelength region.

Abstract: Color film which has relatively high photographic sensitivity, improved spatial sensitivity and reduced problems with aliasing between film stripe structure and scene content and from which full color photographic information can be extracted. An embodiment of the color film includes a black and white photographic film emulsion which is coated upon a substrate, which emulsion is covered with a repetitive pattern of a triad of: (a) color stripes such as yellow, green and cyan stripes wherein at least one of the colors is a nonprimary color; (b) color stripes of unsaturated hues such as, for example, pastel yellow, pastel green and pastel cyan stripes wherein at least one of the colors is a nonprimary unsaturated hue; or (c) color stripes of unsaturated hues of any color. Full color prints or enlargements are made by a hybrid process which includes electronic scanning to extract color information and an optical or an electronic method to extract detail information.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preparing and printing custom artwork such as, for example, photo greeting cards, allowing the creation of calendars, business cards, and the like using a plurality of colors. In the method, after all of the preparatory typesetting and artwork has been completed, special color filters are adhered to the base side of the high contrast film negative which is created from the pasted-up type and artwork. These filters are chosen based upon the desired finished product colors. The final color created is the photographic complement of the filter(s) used.

Abstract: A translucent antibacterial soap is made by a process which includes dissolving a normally solid antibacterial material which is resistant to heat and alkali, e.g., 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy diphenyl ether (THDE), in a mixture of components for making such translucent antibacterial soap, which components include soaps of higher fatty acids in liquid form, such as with water in kettle soap, and converting said mixture to transparent soap cakes, preferably by a process which includes partially drying the mixture, working it and extruding it to a bar form, which bar may be cut to length and pressed into the final desired translucent antibacterial soap cakes.Preferably, the antibacterial compound, in powder form, is dissolved in a superfatting agent, such as mixed tallow fatty acids and coconut oil fatty acids and/or lanolin fatty acids, and then admixed at elevated temperature with the soaps of higher fatty acids that are a major constituent of the soap cakes to be made.

Abstract: This invention relates to a light-sensitive copying material comprising a layer support and a positive-working light-sensitive layer thereon having a rough surface and a content of finely divided particles, wherein the smallest dimension of the particles corresponds at least to the thickness of the layer.