Abstract: The present invention provides a polymer having the structure of formula (I) wherein n, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, a, b and c are as defined in the specification. The present invention also provides a negative-acting photoimageable composition comprising the above-mentioned polymer of formula (I), which is suitable for the fabrication of printed circuit boards.

Abstract: An exposed photographic film is processed by being passed from a first tank into a second tank containing processing solution through an air bubble. The solution is supplied to the second tank and is arranged to flow into the first tank, such that the film is processed in a counter-current mode.

Abstract: A photo-resist layer of positive type, which is formed by a predetermined thickness on a disc substrate and which is exposed by a light beam modulated in accordance with record information to produce an optical record medium comprising the photo-resist layer and the disc substrate, is developed by the developing method. The developing method includes the steps of: firstly developing the exposed photo-resist layer by alkaline developing solution which has a normality of 0.17 to 0.

Abstract: A method for processing a silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material comprising a color developing process is disclosed. The color developing process comprisesthe first step of supplying one of a first color developing partial solution containing a color developing agent as a principal component and a second color developing partial solution containing an alkaline agent as a principal component, substantially only to an image-forming surface of the light-sensitive material,the second step of supplying one of the first partial solution and the second partial solution other than that supplied at the first step or a color developing solution containing a color developing agent and an alkaline agent, to the image-forming surface of the light-sensitive material at the same time or just after the first step.

Abstract: An improved image forming method is disclosed which comprises contacting both an originating photographic element and a display photographic element with substantially similar processing solutions. The originating photographic element is characterized in that it contains at least 50 mole percent silver chloride grains and no more than 2 mole percent silver iodide, based on total silver forming the grain projected area. The grains are tabular grains bounded by {100} faces having adjacent edge ratios of less than 100 and each having an aspect ratio of at least 2.

Abstract: Copper (II) ligand complexes are useful to catalyze the activity of peracid bleaching agents. The complexes can be included in the bleaching solutions, or used in a suitable solution prior to the bleaching step. The ligands are .alpha.-diimines having sites available to complex with copper (II).

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for processing a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material using a roller transport automatic processing machine having a developing tank containing a developing solution, a fixing tank containing a fixing solution, a washing tank containing a washing solution and a drying means, comprising the steps of:developing the silver halide photographic light-sensitive material,fixing the developed material,washing the fixed material, anddrying the washed material,wherein said method is carried out under the following condition:9.0.ltoreq.H.sub.D.sup.0.75 .times.T.ltoreq.21.0, H.sub.D =H.sub.1 +H.sub.2, H.sub.1 .ltoreq.H.sub.2,wherein H.sub.D represents transport line length, in meters, of the material entry point into the developer solution to the material entry point into the washing solution, H.sub.1 represents transport line length, in meters, of the material entry point into the developer solution to the material entry point into the fixing solution, H.sub.

Abstract: This invention provides an accelerator for peracid bleaches used for bleaching silver halide photographic elements. The accelerator is a complex of ferric (Fe III) ion and a 2-pyridinecarboxylic acid or a 2,6-pyridinecarboxylic acid. The accelerator may be contained in the bleaching solution, a solution preceding the bleaching solution or in the photographic elements themselves.

Abstract: A color image can be obtained from a color photographic element by multiple color development steps. The first color development is carried out in the usual manner after imagewise exposure. The second color development step is carried out after bleaching with a rehalogenating bleaching agent, and is used to develop only rehalogenated silver halide. This specific development is possible by either using a chloride rehalogenating agent in the bleaching solution, using a sulfite fixing agent before bleaching, or by fogging the element between bleaching and the second color development step.

Abstract: A method of color processing in which an imagewise exposed color photographic silver halide material is processed by a procedure which comprises treating it with a color developer solution and then with a developer/amplifier solution containing a color developing agent and hydrogen peroxide in which said solutions are replenished so that the overflow from the developer/amplifier solution is treated to remove hydrogen peroxide and used to form the sole replenisher for the color developer solution while the overflow from said color developer solution is disposed of as the net overflow of the two processing solutions.

Abstract: An imagewise exposed photographic silver halide color material is treated in a first processing bath containing a developer solution comprising a color developing agent. After treatment in the first bath, the photographic material is treated in a second processing bath containing a developer/amplifier solution comprising an amplifying oxidant and the color developing agent, wherein developer solution is carried over with the photographic material from the first bath to the second bath. The second bath is replenished with developer/amplifier replenisher solution. The first bath is replenished with developer replenisher solution in sufficient volume to cause overflow of the developer solution from the first bath, which overflow is conveyed from the first bath to the second bath. The concentration of the color developing agent in the developer/amplifier solution of the second bath is maintained at 0.1 to 20 g/l.

Abstract: A method of processing photographic materials in which development is followed by at least one further chemical treatment preceded and followed by washing and in which the liquid of the washing which follows this chemical treatment is removed in particular from the region of entry of material into this following washing bath and supplied to the material in the region of the preceding washing, preferably the material discharge region of the preceding washing, is distinguished by exceptionally low loss of chemicals.

Abstract: A method for continuously processing an imagewise exposed silver halide color photographic material comprising a support having thereon at least one silver halide emulsion layer, comprising the steps of developing with a color developer, bleaching with a processing bath having a bleaching ability comprising a bleaching agent in a concentration of at least 0.15 mol/liter, water washing and/or stabilizing with at least two sequential processing tanks, and drying the thus processed photographic material, wherein the equilibrium iron concentration of the processing solution in the tank immediately preceding the final tank of the water washing and/or stabilizing step is from 100 to 500 ppm and the equilibrium iron concentration is at least seven times that of the processing solution in the final tank of the water washing and/or stabilizing step, and the time from the start of the bleaching step to the completion of the water washing and/or stabilizing step is not more than 65 seconds.

Abstract: A method for the processing of a silver halide photographic material is provided, which comprises the steps of;developing a silver halide photographic material which has been previously exposed to light,processing the developed silver halide photographic material with a bath which contains a thiosulfate and which has a fixing ability, andsubsequently subjecting the developed silver halide photographic material to washing and/or stabilizing in a multi-stage countercurrent process, wherein the multi-stage countercurrent process includes a reverse osmosis membrane and a washing solution and/or stabilizing solution, said solution containing at least one member selected from the group consisting of a sulfinic acid, a sulfinate and a carbonyl compound-bisulfurous acid addition product.

Abstract: A silver halide photosensitive material after exposure can be efficiently processed in a multi-compartment apparatus comprising a series of processing compartments interconnected through narrow channels to define a continuous processing path, by passing the photosensitive material through the series of compartments along the path. Two or more processing solutions of different compositions are supplied to the path at different positions to fill the compartment with the solutions, while the solution is discharged from the path through an outlet port at an intermediate position. During a quiescent period, the solution is discharged such that the compartment which the photosensitive material first enters and the compartment from which the photosensitive material exits become empty. Operation is restarted by refilling the entrance and exit compartments with fresh solutions.

Abstract: A method for processing silver halide photosensitive materials comprises replenishing each of replenishers to water washing process and/or stabilization process in an amount of 1 to 50 times the volume of a solution carried over from a bath preceding the water washing process and/or the stabilization process per unit area of the photosensitive material and limiting the amount of calcium compounds included in a layer for constituting photograph of the photosensitive material to not more than 25 mg/m.sup.2 on the basis of the weight of elemental calcium. The method makes it possible to effectively suppress the contamination of the processed photosensitive materials, the increase in turbidity of the water washing and/or stabilization bath solutions and the proliferation of bacteria or molds in these baths. These effects are further enhanced by reducing the amount of calcium and magnesium present in the replenishers for washing and/or stabilization.

Abstract: A processing tank is partitioned into a plurality of compartments which are serially connected to define a continuous processing path having an entrance and an exit for photosensitive material. The path is filled with a processing solution having a desilvering function such that the processing solution in at least one compartment has a different composition from the processing solution in at least one of the remaining compartments. Silver halide photosensitive material is successively passed through the compartments without contact with the ambient air. Desilvering the photosensitive material after exposure and development in this way reduces the amount of processing solution used, especially replenished, while achieving improved photographic properties.

Abstract: A method for processing a silver halide color photographic photosensitive material comprises treating a silver halide photographic material with a bath having fixing ability and then washing with water and/or stabilizing the photosensitive material and characterized in that the amount of replenisher for water washing or stabilization is controlled so that it is 1 to 50 times the volume of liquid carried over by the photosensitive material processed from the bath preceding the water washing bath or the stabilization bath and that the photosensitive material comprises, for instance, compounds (13): ##STR1## The method makes it possible to substantially keep the image performance of the photosensitive material processed high while substantially saving the amount of washing water or the stabilization liquid and substantially shortening the water washing or the stabilization time.

Abstract: In a method for processing silver halide photosensitive materials comprising developing an exposed silver halide photosensitive material, fixing the developed material and washing it with a washing water, the amount of calcium and magnesium compounds present in the replenishing washing water is reduced to not more than 5 mg/l on the basis of the weight of elemental calcium or magnesium and washing water is replenished in an amount of 1 to 50 times the volume of liquid carried over by the photosensitive material from a bath preceding the washing bath per unit area thereof or that the replenishing washing water is introduced into a washing bath after reducing the amount of calcium and magnesium compounds to the range mentioned above and sterilizing the same. The method makes it possible to substantially reduce the amount of washing water while reliably suppressing turbidity and proliferation of microorganisms in the washing water during and after completion of processing.

Abstract: A method for processing silver halide photosensitive materials comprising developing an exposed silver halide photosensitive material, fixing the developed photosensitive material and then washing it with a washing water, the washing water used in the water washing process being replenished in an amount of 2 to 50 times the volume of liquid carried over by the photosensitive material from a bath preceding the water washing bath per unit area thereof, the amount of calcium and magnesium compounds present in the water washing bath being reduced to not more than 5 mg/l, respectively, on the basis of elemental calcium and magnesium and the washing water containing at least one chelating agent having a stability constant of a chelate, which is formed between the chelating agent and calcium or magnesium, of at least 6 is herein disclosed.

Abstract: A method for processing silver halide photosensitive materials is described which includes processing an imagewise-exposed silver halide photosensitive material in a bath which has a fixing ability and then at least one of washing and stabilizing the photosensitive materials in a multi-stage counter-flow system, wherein liquid from at least one of a water washing tank and a stabilizing tank is treated using a reverse osmosis membrane and the treated liquid is recycled to at least one of the water washing tank and the stabilizing tank, and at least a tank at the stage at which the liquid is removed for the reverse osmosis membrane treatment has an open fraction of not more than 0.03.

Abstract: A method of stabilizing a light-sensitive silver halide color photographic material. A developed silver halide color photographic material is contacted, subsequent to a processing step in a bleach-fixing bath or a fixing bath and substantially accompanied by no washing step, at the last stage of color processing with a dye stabilizing solution adjusted to a pH value between 3.0 and 9.0 and containing a soluble complex salt of an iron ion obtained by reacting an iron ion with a compound selected from the group consisting of ##STR1## The soluble complex salt of an iron ion is present in the dye stabilizing solution at a concentration of at least 1.times.10.sup.-4 mol/l.

Abstract: A process for the rapid development of imagewise exposed silver halide recording materials which contain on a layer support at least three light sensitive silver halide emulsion layers of different spectral sensitivity, with which a cyan coupler, a magenta coupler and a yellow coupler are in each case spectrally associated, comprising the following treatment steps:1. treatment of the photographic material with a solution I of a color developing agent or a salt thereof at pH 1 to 8 over a period of 1 to 10 seconds,2. treatment of the photographic material impregnated with the developing agent with an alkali-containing solution II at pH 10 to 14 over a period of 1 to 10 seconds.produces maximum color densities of the kind otherwise only obtained by conventional development over a period of 45 seconds.

Abstract: An image forming process is disclosed, which comprises, in the photographic processing of silver halide color photographic materials, processing the color photographic material having a swelling degree of the photographic layer(s) of from 1.5 to 4.0 in the water washing step for the total water washing processing time of from 30 to 90 seconds. According to the process of the invention, the storage stability of color images obtained after processing and/or after lapsing a time does not reduce even when the water washing processing time is shortened.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a processing method for a silver halide color photographic material, which makes it possible to substantially reduce the amount of waste liquor and the pollution of the environments. In the process, the color photosensitive material is continuously developed, and the process is characterized in that all or a part of the overflow of a color developer being substantially free from benzyl alcohol is used as a part of a processing solution used in a process other than the color development process.

Abstract: A method for processing silver halide photographic lightsensitive material in which there are used replenishers for water washing and/or stabilization processes in such manner that the concentrations of calcium and magnesium compounds present in the replenishers are not more than 5 mg/l on the basis of elemental calcium and magnesium respectively, and a part or whole of the overflow from the water washing and/or stabilization process is introduced into a process preceding the water washing and/or stabilization processes. This method makes it possible to save water, to diminish the amount of waste liquor and to make effective use of components contained in processing solutions, without impairing any properties of lightsensitive materials to be processed.

Abstract: In a process for development, fixing, and washing or stabilization of a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material by means of an automatic developing machine, is provided, which process comprises supplying to a developing bath and/or a fixing bath a concentrated developing solution and/or a concentrated solution having a fixing capacity, respectively, and water which has been treated by at least one antifungal means selected from the group consisting of irradiation with ultraviolet rays, irradiation with magnetic fields, processing with ion exchange resins, and incorporation of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of aminopolycarboxylic acids and phosphonic acids. In a preferred embodiment, the amount of wash water or stabilizing sollution to be refilled is 3 l or less (including 0 l) per 1 m.sup.2 of light-sensitive material, and the water processed by antifungal means contained in the stock tank is also used as the wash water or stabilizing solution.

Abstract: Silver halide photographic light-sensitive materials containing a hydrazine derivative is developed in high contrast by means of an automatic processor, wherein a replenisher less active than a starting developer used at the beginning of development is supplied in a predetermined amount per unit time and, in the case where further replenishment is done in excess of said predetermined amount in said unit time, a replenisher having activity substantially equivalent to that of said starting developer used at the beginning of development is then supplied. Stable treatment results are attained for a long time.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for continuously processing a color reversal photographic material. After black and white development, the color reversal photographic material is rinsed in a bath wherein the replenishing amount per unit area of the photographic material is 3 to 50 times as much as the amount of processing solution carried over from the preceding bath in terms of volume ratio and the pH is 9.5 or below.

Abstract: A method of processing an imagewise exposed silver halide photographic light-sensitive material characterized in that said material is developed and then processed with a first liquid capable of fixing and is, in succession, processed with a second liquid capable of stabilizing, without applying any intervening washing step, and containing at least one of the following compounds:(A) a guanidine compound represented by ##STR1## (B) a morpholine compound; (C) a benzimidazole carbamate compound represented by 2-carbonyl-amino-benzimidazole;(D) a quaternary onium salt compound;(E) a triazine compound represented by the following Formula (1) or (2) ##STR2## wherein R is an alkyl group and R' is a halogen, amino group, alkyl group, or thioether group; or(F) an oxazolone compound containing at least one each of N, O, and C.dbd.O in the five-membered ring thereof;and wherein a ratio of a volume of said first liquid to a volume of said second liquid is not less than 1/2,000.

Abstract: A method for processing a light-sensitive silver halide photographic material, which comprises processing a light-sensitive silver halide photographic material subjected to imagewise exposure with a processing solution having fixing ability, and thereafter processing the material with a first stabilizing solution having a surface tension of 20 to 78 dyne/cm and a second stabilizing solution having a surface tension of 8 to 60 dyne/cm substantially without performing the water washing step.

Abstract: A method of processing silver halide color photographic materials which comprises image-wise exposing said silver halide color photographic materials, color developing and then desilvering them in a bath having bleaching ability, characterized in that the bath having bleaching ability comprises two baths, the oxidation-reduction potential of the first bath being higher than that of the second bath, the oxidation-reduction potential of the second bath falling in the range of +60 mV to -60 mV, the first bath containing a water-soluble bromide in an amount of 0.5 to 1.3 mole/l, and the second bath containing a water-soluble bromide in an amount of 0 to 0.5 mole/l.

Abstract: A method for processing of a silver halide color photographic material for photography, which comprises a fixing or bleach-fixing step, followed by a water washing or stabilizing step, characterized in that:(i) said water washing or stabilizing step comprises multistage countercurrent baths which are countercurrently replenished with a washing water or stabilizing solution,(ii) the amount of the replenishing material is 3 to 50 times the volume of the solution taken by the photographic material into said water washing or stabilizing bath from the preceding bath and,(iii) said photographic material comprises at least one 2-equivalent magenta coupler represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents hydrogen atom or a substituent, X represents a split-off group, Za, Zb and Zc represent individually methine, substituted methine, .dbd.N-- or --NH--, one of the Za-Zb and Zb-Zc linkages is a double bond and the other is a single bond,or the formula (II): ##STR2## wherein R.sub.

Abstract: A method for the processing of a silver halide color photographic element comprising imagewise exposing the element, color developing the exposed element, followed by de-silvering, characterized in that the de-silvering step comprises processing the developed element in a bleaching bath containing an aminopolycarboxylic acid ferric ion complex salt and subsequently in a blixing bath containing an aminopolycarboxylic acid ferric ion complex salt and a fixing agent.

Abstract: Disclosed is a color forming method which comprises subjecting a light-sensitive silver halide color photographic material having a photographic constituent layer comprising blue-sensitive, green-sensitive and red-sensitive silver halide emulsion layers on a support and having a total thickness of the photographic constituent layer of 25 .mu.m or less to imagewise exposure, then carrying out color developing processing of the exposed material in the presence of a dye forming coupler and processing the developed image with a bleach-fixing solution.The color forming method of the present invention enables rapid processing of a high sensitivity color light-sensitive material.

Abstract: A method of processing a silver halide color photographic material, which comprises processing a photographic material containing at least one pyrazoloazole type magenta coupler represented by the general formula (I) in a final bath containing a soluble iron salt in an amount of at least 1.times.10.sup.-4 mol/l, whereby marked improvements in stabilization of color images, especially cyan dye images and prevention of yellow stain are achieved: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, X represents a hydrogen atom or a group capable of being eliminated by the coupling reaction with an oxidation product of an aromatic primary amine developing agent, and Z.sub.a, Z.sub.b and Z.sub.c each represents methine group, a substituted methine group, .dbd.N-- or --NH--, provided that one of the Z.sub.a -Z.sub.b and Z.sub.b -Z.sub.c bonds is a double bond and the other is a single bond, in which when it represents a double bond the Z.sub.b -Z.sub.

Abstract: A method of color reversal treatment of an exposed silver halide photographic material is disclosed. The method involves treating the exposed material with 2 both type black-and-white developing solutions. The first solution contains a compound represented by the general formula (I):R.sub.2 --S--R.sub.1).sub.d --S--R.sub.2 (I)wherein R.sub.1 represents an alkylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, which may have ether bonds, R.sub.2 represents an alkyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms which alkyl group may have substituents, ether bonds or ester bonds, and d represents an integer of 0 to 3. The second black-and-white developing solution is a conventional solution. By utilizing the two solutions and specifically the first solution containing the compound of general formula (I) it is possible to obtain good photographic images having a high maximum density and good color balance.

Abstract: A method for processing a silver halide photographic material having at least one silver halide emulsion layer on at least one side of a support is disclosed. The method is characterized by pretreatment with a solution carried out prior to a development-processing. The solution being substantially unable to cause a development reaction though it contains a developing agent. The method improves the covering power of developed silver without deteriorating the physical properties of the silver halide photographic material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and to a processing band for processing a sheet or strip of photographic material (1) which has been image exposed and is brought into surface contact, in the presence of water, with a carrier (2) which is impregnated with the required processing chemicals. The photographic material (1) which has been image exposed is repeatedly moved along a closed path and brought into surface contact with the processing band (2) along a specified portion of said path in the presence of water, the processing band (2) having at least wo sections with different processing functions (A, B, C . . . ) arranged one behind the other, with which every portion of the photographic material (1) comes successively into contact.

Abstract: A method of processing photographic silver dye bleach materials which have been exposed imagewise is provided. The process steps are (1) silver developing, (2) dye bleaching, (3) silver bleaching and (4) fixing. The treatment baths for the process steps (2), (3) and (4), or the combined treatment baths useful for process step (3) with at least one the process steps (2) or (4) contain water-soluble tertiary phosphines as silver ligands. These phosphines effect an acceleration of the dye and silver bleaching and they are further suitable stabilizers and optionally antioxidants which yield stable treatment baths.

Abstract: The efficiency of silver recovery from photographic processing solutions is improved by the installation of a silver recovery water tank between the fix or blix tank and the wash water tank, which is provided with a mechanism for maintaining the silver concentration of said recovery tank at a substantially constant value, said mechanism comprising a detecting means for measuring the amount of the photographic material treated by the processing line involved and a means to supply water thereto operatable by signal from said detecting means.

Abstract: A method of stabilization using a plurality of baths which are replenished by a multi-stage counterflow system with the final bath having a pH of from 2.0 to 6.5.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for developing and treating PS plates in which the useful life of the treatment liquid is greatly enhanced. First and second developing baths and a gum coating bath are provided with the PS plates conveyed therethrough. The plates are squeezed between the first and second developing baths to remove treatment liquid. Treatment liquid is transferred from the second to the first developing bath and discharged from the first developing bath when the liquid in the first bath is beyond the normal limit of treatment ability for a single bath system. New treatment liquid is supplied to the second bath in proportion to the amount of treatment and the lapse of time.

Abstract: A process for reducing patient and personnel hazards from exposure to X-radiation during diagnostic procedures, comprising irradiating a photographic emulsion to produce an underexposed radiograph, developing and fixing the radiograph and treating the underexposed processed radiograph in a one-step copper ion image enhancement composition to intensify the image profile to a level at least equivalent to a fully exposed radiograph and subsequently darkening the enhanced image by treatment in a one-step iron ion darkening composition to blacken the image profile. The copper ion image enhancement composition and subsequent iron ion darkening composition produces a darkened or blackened image profile as is found in conventional radiographs and enables a reduction in radiation exposure to patient and personnel up to 50% and more over what is generally regarded as the usual level of radiation for a given diagnostic radiographic examination.

Abstract: A process of forming mask images having high contrast at the edges thereof and possessing high heat resistance and high durability comprising imagewise exposing a photographic light-sensitive material comprising a transparent support having thereon, in succession, a mask layer and a layer of an emulsion of a silver halide in a binder followed by development without employing fixing processing to form silver images at the image areas, removing the silver forming the silver images at the image areas with an aqueous solution containing ceric sulfate and sulfuric acid; then reducing the silver halide remaining at the non-image areas to silver; halogenating the silver formed in the non-image areas with an aqueous solution containing dichromate ions and halogen ions; heating the photographic material above about 200.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lithographic printing plate, which is made by exposing a photographic material having a silver halide photosensitive emulsion layer, developing the exposed material and treating the developed material with a conversion liquid comprising a solvent for a silver halide and an organic compound capable of forming a compound which is more stable and has a lower solubility than a soluble silver complex formed by said solvent.