Abstract: Provided is an aromatic polycarbonate resin that has not only high fluidity and thin-wall moldability but also excellent hue and transparency. The aromatic polycarbonate resin contains a structural unit derived from an aromatic dihydroxy compound and a carbonate-forming compound.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an organic electroluminescent element containing an organic layer interposed between an anode and a cathode, the organic layer containing at least one light emitting layer, wherein the at least one light emitting layer contains a ?-conjugated compound having an electron donor portion and an electron acceptor portion in the molecule; the ?-conjugated compound has a direction vector from an atom having a HOMO orbital in the electron donor portion to an electron cloud of the HOMO orbital, and a direction vector from an atom having a LUMO orbital in the electron acceptor portion to an electron cloud of the LUMO orbital, and the two direction vectors form an angle ? in the range of 90 to 180 degrees; and the ?-conjugated compound has a plurality of the electron donor portions or a plurality of the electron acceptor portions.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a cured outermost layer that includes a polymerized cured product including at least an inorganic filler and a phenol derivative. The inorganic filler is surface-modified with a surface modifier. The phenol derivative has a structure represented by Formula (1). In Formula (1), R1 and R3 each independently represent an alkyl group having three or more carbon atoms, R2 and R4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and L1 represents a linking group having at least 10 atoms with an atomic number of 12 or more.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an organic electroluminescent element containing an organic layer interposed between an anode and a cathode, the organic layer containing at least one light emitting layer, wherein the at least one light emitting layer contains a ?-conjugated compound having an electron donor portion and an electron acceptor portion in the molecule; the ?-conjugated compound has a direction vector from an atom having a HOMO orbital in the electron donor portion to an electron cloud of the HOMO orbital, and a direction vector from an atom having a LUMO orbital in the electron acceptor portion to an electron cloud of the LUMO orbital, and the two direction vectors form an angle ? in the range of 90 to 180 degrees; and the ?-conjugated compound has a plurality of the electron donor portions or a plurality of the electron acceptor portions.

Abstract: A method for quantifying the amount of ammonium bicarbonate in a solid sample of ammonium carbamate is provided. The method includes measuring the FT-IR spectrum of the sample, calculating the IR band maximum for a first band that is common to ammonium carbamate and ammonium bicarbonate and for a second band that is unique to ammonium carbamate, calculating a ratio of the maximum of the second band to the maximum of the first band, and calculating the concentration of ammonium bicarbonate in the sample from a calibration curve.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor according to the present invention includes a conductive support, a photosensitive layer, and a protective layer disposed in sequence. The protective layer includes a cured product of a composition containing a radically polymerizable compound, a charge transporting material exhibiting a maximal absorption wavelength of 405±50 nm, and a photopolymerization initiator of a single-molecule system; and a following Expression (A) is satisfied: G=Eox(D/D+)?Ered(A?/A)?E*??0.2 [eV]??Expression (A): G represents a free energy change, Eox(D/D+) represents an oxidation potential of the charge transporting material, Ered(A?/A) represents a reduction potential of the photopolymerization initiator, and E* represents an excitation energy of the charge transporting material.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support and a photosensitive layer in this order. The photosensitive layer contains a chlorogallium phthalocyanine crystal. The chlorogallium phthalocyanine crystal has one or more peaks in each of a wavelength range of 646 nm or more and 668 nm or less and a wavelength range of 782 nm or more and 809 nm or less in an absorption spectrum. When a peak with a maximum absorbance among the peaks in the wavelength range of 646 nm or more and 668 nm or less is assumed to be a first peak and a peak with a maximum absorbance among the peaks in the wavelength range of 782 nm or more and 809 nm or less is assumed to be a second peak, an absorbance of the first peak is larger than an absorbance of the second peak.

Abstract: A photoconductor and method of forming a photoconductor for an electrophotographic device comprising forming a charge generation material comprising a plurality of quantum dots, and forming an active region comprising one or more photoconductor layers comprising the charge generation material including the surface modified quantum dots.

Abstract: An apparatus for probing die electricity includes a substrate, a converting plate, a needle module and a reinforcement structure. The converting plate includes two opposite surfaces respectively having a plurality of first and second conductive elements. The needle module has a plurality of needles respectively and electrically connected to the plurality second conductive elements. The reinforcement structure is made from a polymer gel and disposed between the converting plate and the substrate.

Abstract: A photosensitive layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a hydroxygallium phthalocyanine crystal of a crystalline form having peaks at Bragg angles 2?±0.2° of 7.0°, 16.6°, 20.8°, and 26.9° in X-ray diffraction with CuK? radiation.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention provide a blue organic light-emitting device having a continuous operation lifetime. An organic light-emitting device includes a light-emitting layer containing a dopant having the ability to trap electrons or holes, and a hole-blocking layer or electron-blocking layer, in which the difference between the LUMO of the dopant and the LUMO of a host material, the size relationship between the HOMO of the host material and the HOMO of the dopant, and the difference between the T1 of the host material and the T1 of the hole-blocking layer or between the T1 of the host material and the T1 of the electron-blocking layer, are specified.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an image forming apparatus that has a developing unit, an intermediate transfer body, and a transfer roller and may prevent contamination of the transfer roller and a printing medium by the toner remaining in a test pattern forming area of the intermediate transfer body. The image forming apparatus includes a developing unit to allow an image to be formed by a developing agent, an intermediate transfer body provided with an image forming area and a test pattern forming area, the image being transferred from the developing unit to the image forming area and the test pattern forming area, and a transfer roller allowing the image to be transferred from the image forming area to a printing medium, wherein a maximum transfer length of the transfer roller is less than a maximum image forming length of the developing unit.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photoconductor that has good coating solution stability and metal oxide dispersibility, is free of image defects including ground fogging and black spots, and affords good image characteristics in various environments, as well as a manufacturing method therefore and a device including the same. The electrophotographic photoconductor includes a conductive substrate; an undercoat layer; and a photosensitive layer. The undercoat layer contains, as a main component, a resin obtained by polymerizing, as starting materials, an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, at least one aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 8 or more carbon atoms, and at least one diamine having a cycloalkane structure, and further contains a metal oxide. The aromatic dicarboxylic acid in the resin is present in an amount that ranges from 0.1 to 10 mol %, and the resin has an acid value and a base value that are each no greater than 10 KOH mg/g.

Abstract: A polycarbonate copolymer includes a repeating unit A represented by a formula (1) below and a repeating unit B represented by a formula (2) below, in which an abundance ratio represented by Ar1/(Ar1+Ar2) is in a range of 35 mol % to 75 mol % and an abundance ratio represented by Ar2/(Ar1+Ar2) is in a range of 25 mol % to 65 mol %,

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to coated photoconductors. In an example, a coated photoconductor can comprise a photoconductor including a substrate having a charge generation layer and charge transport layer adhered thereto and a top coating adhered to the photoconductor. The top coating can comprise a cross-linkable polymer, a cross-linker, and a polymeric dopant having a weight average molecular weight of less than 500,000. Additionally, the top coating can have a thickness of 0.1 ?m to 12 ?m and the polymeric dopant can be present in the top coating at a concentration of 0.1 wt % to 10 wt %.

Abstract: The present disclosure is drawn to electrostatic printing. In an example, a coated photoconductive substrate can comprise a photoconductive substrate, the photoconductive substrate including a substrate having a charge generation layer and charge transport layer adhered thereto; and a top coating adhered to the photoconductive substrate. The top coating can comprise a cross-linkable polymer, a cross-linker, and a charge transport material, where the charge transport material is dispersed throughout the top coating and may be present in the top coating in an amount ranging from 20 wt % to 50 wt %.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrophotographic photoreceptor including a conductive support, a photosensitive layer on the conductive support and a surface layer on the photosensitive layer. The surface layer includes a cured resin prepared by polymerization of a compound having two or more radically polymerizable functional groups per molecule, the cured resin containing an organic resin fine particle and a metal oxide fine particle, and the organic resin fine particle comprising a resin containing a structural unit derived from at least one of melamine and benzoguanamine, the organic resin fine particle having a number average primary particle size of 0.01 to 3.00 ?m.

Abstract: Disclosed is an organic photoreceptor which provides stable, high evenness of in-plane image density over a long period of time, and a production process of the organic photoreceptor. The organic photoreceptor includes a conductive support, an organic photosensitive layer, and a surface layer made of a cured resin, which are stacked in this order. The surface layer is obtained by curing a composition containing a radical polymerizable compound for forming the cured resin, metal oxide fine particles having a surface treated with a silane coupling agent, and a silane compound represented by the following general formula (1), wherein R1 to R3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and at least one of R1 to R3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member containing a terphenoquinone derivative represented by the following formula (1): wherein R1 to R5 may be the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms and optionally having an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer formed on a conductive substrate, wherein the photosensitive layer contains oxygen-containing fluorinated fine particles in a surface layer thereof, and the oxygen-containing fluorinated fine particles have an oxygen composition ratio of 0.9 to 3.0% by atom based on the whole composition of the fine particles according to an X-ray fluorescence composition analysis.

Abstract: A coating fluid for photosensitive-layer formation having high productivity and stability and a process thereof are provided. Also provided are a high-performance electrophotographic photoreceptor and an image-forming apparatus which are capable of forming high-quality images even in various use environments and are less apt to cause image defects such as black spots or color spots. The objects are accomplished with a process for producing a coating fluid which is for forming a photosensitive layer of an electrophotographic photoreceptor and comprises a charge-generating material and a binder resin, wherein a dispersing medium having an average particle diameter in the range of from 1.0 ?m to 350 ?m is used as a dispersing medium for dispersing the charge-generating material in the coating fluid for photosensitive-layer formation. The coating fluid for photosensitive-layer formation produced by this process is preferable as a photosensitive layer of an electrophotographic photoreceptor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a charging member. The charging member comprises an electro-conductive substrate and an electro-conductive surface layer, wherein the surface layer includes a binder resin, an electro-conductive particle dispersed in the binder resin, and a resin particle that roughens the surface of the surface layer; the surface layer has a plurality of protrusions each derived from the resin particle in the surface thereof; the resin particle that forms the protrusion has a pore inside thereof; has a porosity Vt of porosity is 2.5% by volume or less as a whole; and has a region whose porosity V11 is from 5% by volume to 20% by volume, wherein the region is farthest away from the electro-conductive substrate in the resin particle, and assuming that the resin particle is a solid particle having no pores, the region corresponds to a 11% by volume-occupying region of the solid particle.

Abstract: Disclosed are an electrophotographic photoreceptor which has high durability and high potential characteristics and can suppress the occurrence of stick-slip and turning up of a blade and the abrasion of the blade even when the blade is used as a cleaning unit. The surface layer contains barium sulfate composite fine particles, in which a conductive metal oxide is adhered to the surface of a core material made from barium sulfate, in a cured resin. The 10 point average roughness RzJIS of the surface layer is not less than 0.2 ?m and not more than 1.5 ?m, and a value obtained by an equation n×d, wherein n represents the peak count of the surface layer and d represents the number average primary particle diameter of the barium sulfate composite fine particles, is not less than 10,000 (pieces•nm) and not more than 200,000 (pieces•nm).

Abstract: A surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member has a change region in which a ratio of the number of carbon atoms with respect to the sum of the number of silicon atoms and the number of carbon atoms gradually increases toward a surface side of the electrophotographic photosensitive member from a photoconductive layer side, wherein the change region has an upper charge injection prohibiting portion containing a Group 13 atom, and a surface-side portion which is positioned closer to the surface side of the electrophotographic photosensitive member than the upper charge injection prohibiting portion and does not contain the Group 13 atom, and the distribution of the Group 13 atom in a boundary portion between the surface-side portion and the upper charge injection prohibiting portion is precipitous.

Abstract: An imaging member includes a supporting substrate, an optional hole blocking layer, an optional adhesive layer, an imaging layer, and an overcoat layer, wherein the overcoat layer comprises a fluorosulfonamide. The overcoat layer can further include a charge transport compound and a melamine resin.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor, including: an electroconductive substrate; and at least a photoconductive layer and a surface layer in this order over the electroconductive substrate, wherein the surface layer includes a resin having no charge transport properties, and first inorganic fine particles, and wherein the first inorganic fine particles are inorganic fine particles having surfaces modified with at least one of a primary amino group and a secondary amino group, and a volume resistivity of the first inorganic fine particles is 1×108 ?·cm or less.

Abstract: An organic photoconductor includes a conductive substrate; a charge generation layer over the conductive substrate; a charge transport layer over the charge generation layer; and an overcoat layer over the charge transport layer. The overcoat layer comprises a cross-linked polyacrylate that includes a charge transport material dispersed therein and a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane.

Abstract: Present embodiments relate generally to the flexible electrostatographic imaging members prepared to comprise a plasticized charge transport layer, plasticized ground strip layer, and a novel plasticized anti-curl back coating layer prepared to have internal stress/strain reduction, superb wear resistance property, and render the resulting flexible imaging members with absolute flatness to meet the functional requirement of electrostatographic imaging apparatuses. More particularly, the embodiments pertain to the reformulation of an anti-curl back coating layer comprising a novel high molecular weight film forming A-B diblock copolymer, a copolyester adhesion promoter, an organic or inorganic particles dispersion, and a plasticizer in the layer's material matrix.

Abstract: A imaging member, such as a photoreceptor, having an outermost layer that is a structured organic film (SOF) comprising a plurality of segments and a plurality of linkers including a first fluorinated segment, a second electroactive segment and fluorinated secondary components.

Abstract: A conductive support for an electrophotographic photoreceptor contains aluminum, in which the conductive support has a Young's modulus of from 32,000 MPa to 55,000 MPa.

Abstract: A photoconductor and method of forming a photoconductor comprising forming a charge generation material comprising a plurality of quantum dots, and forming an active region comprising one or more photoconductor layers comprising the charge generation material including the quantum dots is disclosed.

Abstract: An organic photoconductor includes: a conductive substrate; a charge generation layer on the conductive substrate; and a charge transport layer on the charge generation layer. An overcoat layer is formed on the charge transport layer. The overcoat layer is a latex polymer in which a charge transport material is dispersed.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a laminated body, and a hole transporting layer formed on the laminated body, wherein the laminated body is a laminated body having a conductive support, an electron transporting layer and a charge generating layer. When an impedance is measured by forming a circular-shaped gold electrode having a thickness of 300 nm and a diameter of 10 mm on a surface of the charge generating layer of the laminated body by sputtering, and applying an alternating electric field of 100 mV and 0.1 Hz between the conductive support and the gold electrode, the laminated body of the electrophotographic photosensitive member satisfies the following expression (1): R_opt/R_dark?0.

Abstract: A doped protective coating for extending a lifetime of an organic photoconductor is provided. The coating includes an in-situ cross-linked polymer matrix and a substantially uniformly distributed dopant therein. The dopant comprises a charge transport molecular species. A process for coating the organic photoconductor and a coated organic photoconductor are also disclosed.

Abstract: Organic photoconductors and methods of manufacturing the same are disclosed. An example method to manufacture an organic photoconductor involves applying a liquid solution to a surface of a cylindrically-shaped substrate while rotating the substrate about its axis, the substrate comprising a surface layer and the liquid solution comprising a matrix polymer species and a dopant species dissolved in a solvent. The example method further involves rotating the substrate while the solvent evaporates to provide a substantially evenly distributed seamless residue film comprising the matrix polymer species and the dopant species, and cross-linking the matrix polymer species of the residue film.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed. The electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a resin substrate including a carbon nanotube; and a photosensitive layer located overlying the substrate. In addition, a method for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed. The method includes forming a resin substrate by molding a resin forming material including a carbon nanotube; and forming a photosensitive layer overlying the resin substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor having at least a photosensitive layer and a surface layer provided at a surface of the photosensitive layer. The surface layer contains a first layer which is provided at the photosensitive layer side and has a refractive index of n1 and a second layer which is provided at the opposite side of the first layer to the photosensitive layer and has a refractive index of n2. The refractive index of the photosensitive layer, the refractive index of the first layer, the refractive index of the second layer, the film thickness of the first layer, an integer of 0 or more, and the wavelength of light with which the surface of the photoreceptor is irradiated when an electrostatic latent image is formed satisfy specific relationships.

Abstract: The present disclosure is drawn to electrostatic printing. In an example, a coated photoconductive substrate can comprise a photoconductive substrate, the photoconductive substrate including a substrate having a charge generation layer and charge transport layer adhered thereto; and a top coating adhered to the photoconductive substrate. The top coating can comprise a cross-linkable polymer, a cross-linker, and a charge transport material, where the charge transport material is dispersed throughout the top coating and may be present in the top coating in an amount ranging from 20 wt % to 50 wt %.

Abstract: A negative-charge type electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate; an undercoat layer which includes a binder resin and metal oxide particles and in which the work function is from 4.0 eV to 4.7 eV; a charge generation layer in which a difference between the work functions of the charge generation layer and the undercoat layer is from ?4 eV to 0 eV; and a charge transport layer which is provided on the charge generation layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive support, and an undercoat layer, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer that are provided in this order on the conductive support, wherein the undercoat layer includes at least metallic oxide particles, a reactive acceptor substance including an anthraquinone structure expressed by the following Formula 1, and a binder resin, the charge generation layer includes hydroxygallium phthalocyanine as a charge generation material, and a reflectance of incident light having a wavelength of 780 nm on a surface of the charge generation layer when the charge transport layer is removed is 17% or greater: wherein the anthraquinone structure expressed by Formula 1 is bonded to another structure at a position of *, and thus forms the reactive acceptor substance, and in Formula 1, n1 represents an integer of 1 to 7.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive support, an undercoat layer that is provided on the conductive support and that has a thickness of from 15 ?m to 40 ?m and has light transmittance of 20% or less with respect to light having a wavelength of 450 nm when the thickness is at least 15 ?m, a charge generation layer that is provided on the undercoat layer, and a charge transport layer that is provided on the charge generation layer and that has a thickness of from 15 ?m to 40 ?m and has light transmittance of 30% or less with respect to light having a wavelength of 450 nm when the thickness is at least 15 ?m.

Abstract: An oxide material including gallium, zinc and oxygen, a ratio of the number of atoms of zinc to the number of atoms of gallium (number of atoms of zinc/number of atoms of gallium) being from about 0.01 to about 0.6 and a ratio of the number of atoms of oxygen to the sum of the number of atoms of gallium and the number of atoms of zinc (number of atoms of oxygen/(number of atoms of gallium+number of atoms of zinc)) being from about 1.0 to about 1.6, is disclosed. An electrophotographic photoreceptor including a layer which includes the oxide material is also disclosed. An electrophotographic photoreceptor including a substrate; and a photosensitive layer including gallium, oxygen and zinc is also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is to provide a photoelectric conversion device including an organic compound layer which contains polymer (a) having partial structures represented by the following formulae (1) and (2) respectively. In the formula, R1, R2, R3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, X and Y each independently represent a divalent organic group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a represents 0 or 1, and CT represents an organic group having a charge transportable skeleton.

Abstract: To provide an amine compound, represented by General Formula (I) below: [In General Formula (I), R1 and R2 represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, which may be identical or different; m and n are an integer of 1 or 0; Ar1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group; Ar2 and Ar3 represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group; and Ar1 and Ar2 or Ar2 and Ar3 may bind to each other to form a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group including a nitrogen atom.

Abstract: The presently disclosed embodiments relate generally to a flexible imaging member having an anti-curl back coating comprising a liquid plasticizer, and the imaging member is substantially flat.

Abstract: Disclosed is an organic photoreceptor comprising on an electrically conductive support a light-sensitive layer and a surface layer, wherein the surface layer comprises a resin formed by curing a photocurable compound containing at least one polar group and at least one photocurable-functional group and a particulate metal oxide having a water absorption of 0.1 to 10%. There are also disclosed an image forming apparatus and a process cartridge.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising: a conductive support; and a photosensitive layer, wherein the photosensitive layer comprises a functional layer that comprises at least one of a first compound represented by formula (I); and a second compound derived from the first compound: wherein F represents a hole-transporting, n-valent organic group; R independently represents an organic group having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms; T represents a divalent group; m indicates 0 or 1; and n indicates an integer of from 1 to 4.

Abstract: The electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a support; and a first intermediate layer, a second intermediate layer and a photosensitive layer which are provided on the support in this order, in which the second intermediate layer contains a polyolefin resin and a metal oxide particle having a volume-average particle diameter of 20 nm or less, and the first intermediate layer contains a metal oxide particle, and the volume-average particle diameter of the metal oxide particle contained in the first intermediate layer is 10 times or more to 200 times or less as large as the volume average particle diameter of the metal oxide particle contained in the second intermediate layer.

Abstract: Provided is a laminate type electrophotographic photoreceptor including an electrically conductive substrate, and an undercoat layer, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer sequentially disposed on the electrically conductive substrate, in which a characteristic response time of the photoreceptor is about 10 msec or more and about 85 msec or less and a thickness of the charge transport layer is greater than about 18 ?m and equal to or less than about 45 ?m. Also, an electrophotographic image forming apparatus and an electrophotographic cartridge using the electrophotographic photoreceptor are provided. An electrophotographic photoreceptor according to the present general inventive concept has an improved response time and thus, charge stain characteristics are excellent even when a thick charge transport layer is selected.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrophotographic photoreceptor including a conductive supporting body, a photosensitive Layer and a protective layer. In the electrophotographic photoreceptor, at least the photosensitive layer and the protective layer are sequentially layered, on the conductive supporting body, and the protective layer includes P-type semiconductor particles.