Abstract: A burner and ignition assembly, and method include a burner unit, an air intake, and a fuel supply supplying gas and including an air intake. The amount of air entering the air intake can be controlled by momentarily adjusting a choke that is movable relative to the air intake to cover a portion of an opening of the air intake to reduce an amount of air entering the air intake when a cold start condition exists.

Abstract: A method for operating a burner including a burner outlet opening with at least two sectors, each sector is assigned at least one fuel nozzle, is provided. The method is characterized in that fuel is supplied separately to the fuel nozzles of different sectors. Also described is a burner which includes at least two sectors wherein each sector is assigned at least one fuel nozzle. The burner includes at least two separate fuel supply lines and a device for adjusting the fuel mass flow which flows through the respective fuel supply line. The fuel supply lines supply fuel to the fuel nozzles of different sectors. Also described is a gas turbine which is fitted with at least one burner.

Abstract: The present invention proposes a method for feeding hot gas to a shaft furnace (12), wherein the method comprises feeding a first portion (32) of a first gas flow (24) to a mixing chamber (36) and feeding a second portion (34) of the first gas flow (24) into said shaft furnace. The method further comprises feeding a second gas flow (28) to the mixing chamber (36), allowing the first portion (32) of the first gas flow (24) to mix with the second gas flow (28) in the mixing chamber (36), thereby forming a third gas flow (38), and feeding the third gas flow (38) to the shaft furnace (12). The first gas flow (24) has a first volumetric fluid flow rate (V1), a first temperature (T1) and a first pressure (p1); the second gas flow (28) has a second volumetric fluid flow rate (V2), a second temperature (T2) and a second pressure (p2); and the third gas flow (38) has a third volumetric fluid flow rate (V3), a third temperature (T3) and a third pressure (p3).

Abstract: A furnace is disclosed that includes a burner with a firing rate that is variable between a minimum and a maximum firing rate. After a call for heat is received, the firing rate is set to an initial level above the minimum firing rate, and the burner is ignited. The firing rate is then modulated downward toward the minimum firing rate. If the flame is lost during or after modulation, the burner is reignited and the firing rate is maintained above the firing rate at which the flame was lost until the current call for heat is satisfied. In some cases, the firing rate is maintained until one or more subsequent calls for heat are satisfied.

Abstract: A micro pilot for a gas hot water heater is provided. The micro pilot provides a flame that is substantially smaller than a typical pilot in a hot water heater during standby operation of the burner. Just prior to allowing gas to flow to the burner upon a call for heat, a pilot flame of sufficient size to ensure ignition of the burner is provided. In one embodiment this larger pilot flame is produced by providing an additional amount of bleed gas to the pilot to increase flame size. In another embodiment, bleed gas is provided to a separate booster pilot, which is ignited by the micro pilot. The flame from the booster pilot is then used to ignite the main burner. This design allows for the micro pilot to be positioned closer to the flame trap of a flammable vapor resistant hot water heater to ensure smooth ignition of any such vapor.

Abstract: In a premixing combustion device (1) for a heating boiler, comprising a blower (2) which delivers a combustion mixture composed of fuel and air from an outlet opening (8) of the blower (2) via a burner cylinder (9) to a combustion zone, wherein a mixing device (3) arranged upstream of the blower (2) prepares the combustion mixture, it is sought to provide a solution which, in a structurally simple manner, ensures reliable starting of the heating boiler and prevents failures. This is achieved by means of a throughflow reduction device (10) which is arranged between the outlet opening (8) of the blower (2) and the burner cylinder (9) and which has a throughflow reduction element (13) which can be adjusted between a position in which it opens the outlet opening (8) of the blower (2) and a position in which it reduces the size of the outlet opening (8) of the blower (2).

Abstract: A burner has a port facing into a combustion chamber along an axis. A secondary fuel injector structure has secondary fuel injection ports that face into the combustion chamber at locations spaced radially outward from the burner port. A tertiary fuel injector structure has tertiary fuel injection ports that face into the combustion chamber in directions perpendicular to the axis at locations spaced axially downstream from the secondary fuel injection ports.

Abstract: A direct gas-fired industrial air heater low fire start control, includes circuitry for simulating a resistant circuit which bypasses the discharge temperature sensors, the remote temperature selector, and a space temperature controls, that has the effect of driving the modulating valve to a fixed open setting which in turn changes the valve voltage in order to obtain desired gas flow. In a further embodiment, an isolated DC voltage source which normally bypasses the voltage input to the system of the modulating valve can be inserted into the circuitry to effectively drive the modulating valve to a fixed open setting to obtain the desired gas flow rate. Various circuitry, and bypass gas flow arrangements, are further shown to increase the efficiency of ignition of the burner assembly, when started.

Abstract: A heater (12) includes a burner (16), a valve (20), and an inducer (18). A thermostat (24) is electrically coupled to the heater (12) and a control board (44) is disposed in the heater (12) and electrically connected to the thermostat (24). The control board (44) includes an inducer relay (50), a valve relay (52), and a control timer (54) for switching the valve (20) between a high flow stage and a low flow stage and the inducer (18) between a high speed stage and a low speed stage, respectively, wherein the inducer relay (50), the valve relay (52), and the control timer (54) are mounted to the control board (44) to define a singular and compact controller (30).

Abstract: The invention provides a control apparatus comprising a controller for determining a manipulated variable for manipulating a controlled object so that an output of the controlled object converges to a desired value and a modulator for modulating the manipulated variable by using one of a delta-sigma modulation algorithm, a sigma-delta modulation algorithm and a delta modulation algorithm to generate a modulated signal to be applied to the controlled object. The modulator generates the modulated signal so that a center value of an amplitude of the modulated signal follows a change of the manipulated variable. Thus, the modulated signal in which the manipulated variable is reflected without any loss can be generated even when the manipulated variable changes.

Abstract: A catalyst combustor (11) includes an inner catalyst combustion portion (20) connected to a substitute fuel supply line (LS21, 12, 16) and a substitute oxidizer supply line (LS22, 13), an outer catalyst combustion portion (40) connected to an effluent fuel supply line (LS23, 14) and an effluent oxidizer supply line (LS24, 15), and a fluid communication portion (60) connecting the inner catalyst combustion portion (20) and the outer catalyst combustion portion (40) to each other, and has a fixed relationship provided among a fluid resistance (R2) of the inner catalyst combustion portion (20), a fluid resistance (R4) of the outer catalyst combustion portion (40), and a fluid resistance (R6) of the fluid communication portion (60), whereby substantially a warming catalyst combustion is caused to occur simply in the inner catalyst combustion portion (20), and a regular catalyst combustion is caused to occur in the inner catalyst combustion portion (20) and the outer catalyst combustion portion (40).

Abstract: A combustion apparatus 2 has an anti-spreading member 65 disposed below a combustion chamber 10. This anti-spreading member 65 is composed of a generally cylindrical main body 65a, an outer flange 65b and an inner flange 65c, these flanges being formed at and integral with the opposite ends of the main body 65a, respectively. A controller 40 for regulating the operation of this apparatus 2 is designed to preheat the anti-spreading member 65 at a heat generation rate ‘q’ lower than the required heat generation rate ‘Q’, before the apparatus starts its normal operation to burn a fuel.

Abstract: A fuel injector (11) supplies liquid fuel to a catalytic combustor (9) of a fuel reforming device during startup of a fuel reforming device. A controller sets the injection amount (Qf) for liquid fuel to a first injection amount (Qf1) during a predetermined time (t1) after starting fuel injection. After the predetermined time, the injection amount (Qf) is set to a second injection amount (Qf2) which is larger than the first injection amount (Qf1). When the elapsed time after starting fuel injection is smaller than a value (t1), the discharged amount of uncombusted fuel is reduced by setting the injection amount (Qf) to a minimum injection amount (Qf1) which allows ignition and combustion in the catalyst.

Abstract: A fuel oil supply circuit that includes two bypass mechanisms for burner startup including an electrical valve bypass in parallel circuit with a mechanical valve bypass. The fuel oil supply circuit includes an oil pump that is adapted to pressurize fuel oil and a downstream regulating valve assembly that is adapted to regulate pressurized fuel flow to the nozzles of the burner. A solenoid valve controls flow of pressurized fuel oil through the regulating valve assembly to the nozzles. The solenoid valve has a first state keeping the regulating valve assembly closed, and a second state allowing the regulating valve assembly to open. A diaphragm valve is fluidically connected to the pump in parallel circuit with the regulating piston assembly to provide an alternative bypass mechanism as a backup for the electrical solenoid valve.

Abstract: A three-stage relay control is provided for regulating the flow of gas through, for example, gas valves. The relay control includes a control arm for providing three levels of gas flow and having three adjustment screws, one for controlling the flow at each stage of operation. The control arm preferably pivotally rotates to provide the three gas flow levels. Energizing the relay control at three different amperage levels provides the three-stages. At a low-flow stage, the relay is de-energized. At a high-flow stage, the relay is fully energized. At a mid-flow stage, between the high-flow and low-flow stage, the relay is energized at an intermediate amperage.

Abstract: A burner apparatus is operated in a plurality of distinct modes. In a startup mode, flows of oxidant and primary fuel are ignited by an igniter and are provided simultaneously with a flow of secondary fuel until a process chamber reaches the auto-ignition temperature of the secondary fuel. In a subsequent mode, flows of oxidant and secondary fuel are provided simultaneously to the exclusion of a flow of primary fuel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for gas burners, comprising at least two air nozzles 10, 11 for combustion air. The air nozzles 10, 11 are arranged in parallel. According to the invention, a flow restrictor 15 is assigned to one or more of the air nozzles 10, 11, respectively. Each of these flow restrictor 15 is capable of selectively shutting off the flow of air through the respective air nozzle 10, 11. This increases the range of modulation of the device according to the invention.

Abstract: A stove for solid fuel, with sensor controlled, motor driven adjustment means for respective different types of intake air and with a control unit which is programmable for selective control of the adjustment means in order to optimise the combustion under various operational conditions, in particular during a lighting up phase, an operative phase of high or low effect, a refiring phase, and a burn-out phase.

Abstract: A gas operated lantern includes a control mechanism whereby a user may start gas flow through the lantern, operate a choke, and ignite the lantern. The user may perform these operations using the same control in an easy, simple series of motions. The user may rotate a knob, rotating a stem, to start gas flow and press the knob axially inward along the stem to operate a choke and an igniter.

Abstract: A gas burner operating system includes a control unit installed in the body of a gas burner and connected to an electronic igniter in the body of the gas burner, the operating unit using a cock, a pressure differential device, a medium flowrate control valve and a low flowrate control valve to control the operation of the gas burner and the intensity of the burner flame, and an operating unit provided outside the body of the gas burner for enabling the user to control the operation of the control unit and the electronic igniter of the gas burner at a remote place away from the gas burner.

Abstract: An oil burner control system is disclosed in which an extended time may be temporarily selected, in situations such as initial set up or periodic maintenance, for priming the pipes, filters and pumps, before a safety lockout of system operation occurs, while otherwise leaving the normal safety lockout functions intact. An igniter in the system operates in an “intermittent” mode during the temporarily selected extended time, and otherwise operates in an “interrupted” mode.

Abstract: A burner apparatus is operated in a plurality of distinct modes. In a startup mode, flows of oxidant and primary fuel are ignited by an igniter and are provided simultaneously with a flow of secondary fuel until a process chamber reaches the auto-ignition temperature of the secondary fuel. In a subsequent mode, flows of oxidant and secondary fuel are provided simultaneously to the exclusion of a flow of primary fuel.

Abstract: A gas burner and method of controlling burning, the gas burner including a controller disposed in a control cabinet, a burner cabinet, an actuator and a blower, the blower being fluidly coupled to the burner cabinet. The gas burner has an air valve that is operably, fluidly coupled to both the burner cabinet and the blower for controlling the flow of air from the blower to the burner cabinet. A gas valve is fluidly coupled to a source of gas for controlling the flow of gas from the source of gas. An actuator is communicatively coupled to the controller and is linearly coupled to the air valve and the gas valve for simultaneous linear actuation thereof responsive to commands from the controller.

Abstract: A direct ignition type pulsated combustion apparatus including a burner provided in a combustion furnace, a combustion air line connected to the burner for feeding combustion air to the burner, a fuel gas line connected to the burner for feeding a fuel gas to the burner, an air valve and a fuel valve provided in the combustion air line and the fuel gas line, respectively. A plurality of actuators provided for the air valve and the fuel valve are adapted to open and close the air valve and the fuel valve, respectively. An air bypass line is provided in the combustion air line to bypass the air valve. A fuel bypass line provided in the fuel gas line for bypassing the fuel gas valve. A control unit actuates the opening/closing cycles and timings of the air and the fuel gas valves connected to the actuators, respectively, allowing the cycle time of opening and closing the air valve to be controlled independently of the cycle time of opening and closing the fuel gas valve.

Abstract: A catalytic combustion type heater set so as to reduce the exhaust emission at the time of ignition and the time of extinguishment by, at the time of ignition, providing a precombustion period and making the amounts of the fuel and air fed larger than the air-fuel ratio of the steady combustion period to prevent incomplete combustion and by, at the time of extinguishment, stopping the feeding of fuel and feeding only air in an amount lower than that before the fuel stops being fed so as to completely burn the remaining fuel, then feeding purging air.

Abstract: When a boiler plant (100), which is equipped with an air plenum (104), is in operation, during the startup phase the admission pressure in this air plenum (104) is lowered in terms of time and amount via a blowoff device (106) with respect to combustion air (7) and startup air (105) made available from this air plenum (104). The air coefficient to the burner is consequently reduced. This ensures that, by means of such a near-stoichiometric fuel/air mixture, favorable ignition conditions are provided in the burner and the pollutant emissions during the startup phase are greatly reduced.

Abstract: A device and a method for the controlled reduction of the gas flow Q fed to a burner nozzle of a gas-fired cooking or baking appliance via a gas supply pipe. The gas supply pipe is branched into a number n of partial gas pipes connected in parallel, through which a partial gas flow Q.sub.k with k=1,2,3, . . . ,n can be fed to the burner nozzle in each case, and which have a control unit in each case, the control units each being connected on their gas inlet side to the gas supply pipe and on their gas outlet side to the burner nozzle, and have a switching element for switching on and off the partial gas flow Q.sub.k passing through them and a throttle element for reduction of the partial gas flow Q.sub.k passing through them. The switching elements can be switched on and off according to the selected heating power. Alternatively a number n of throttle elements are connected in series with switching elements connected in parallel.

Abstract: A method for gas supply pressure control is disclosed. Gas is supplied to a gas burner at a gas supply pressure which is higher than an ignition pressure, and after the ignition of the gas burner, the gas supply pressure increases during a predetermined time until fluid to be heated reaches a target temperature. The increase of the gas supply pressure is performed gradually according to a predetermined number of pressure levels set between the ignition pressure and maximum gas supply pressure of the gas boiler. If the fluid reaches the target temperature, the gas is supplied according to a corresponding to the target pressure temperature. Since the time that the gas is supplied at the maximum gas supply pressure is reduced during the time of initial operation of the gas boiler and during the operation of the gas boiler, the noise resulting from combustion is reduced.

Abstract: The invention relates to an injection device for burner heating apparatus provided with an air/gas mixture conduit including a Venturi element. This injection device comprises an injector holding tube (14), secured to a valve body (15) divided internally into two chambers by a membrane (23): an idle chamber (24) subjected to the pressure of the gas and communicating with the injector holding tube (14), and a compensation chamber (25) set to atmospheric pressure, enclosing a spring (27) able to urge the membrane (23) toward an idle mode state. This injection device comprises further a rod (31) secured to the membrane (23) and associated with idle mode stop means (34), said rod being extended by a tapered needle (33) arranged to traverse the injector (13) and determine with the latter a cross-section for the idle mode gas outlet, when the pressure of the gas is less than or equal to the idle mode pressure.

Abstract: An integrated burner system is disclosed having a fuel supply assembly including a fuel control for variably limiting the flow of fuel into the burner along with a discrete air control for generating a variable flow of air into the burner. The respective fuel and air controls are directed by a control system which operates these controls in order to provide and maintain a desired fuel-to-air ratio between high fire and low fire in response to a requirement for heat. A multiple burner embodiment is disclosed in which a plurality of the present integrated burners may be used to create a multiple burner system which provides a greater degree of control and efficiency than that capable with previous systems. The multiple burner embodiment also eliminates the costly installation and maintenance requirements typically associated with previous systems.

Abstract: A two-stage induced draft furnace is operated at either high heat or low heat with the gas valve switched to high-fire or low-fire. High-fire and low-fire combustion pressure switches sense the collector box flue gas pressure and actuate respective solenoids of the gas valve. Under some conditions the inducer can produce sufficient negative pressure at low fire to prove the high fire pressure switch and cycle the burners on high fire. To prevent this, relay contacts are interposed between the high fire pressure switch and the gas valve solenoid to deny thermostat power to the high-fire solenoid whenever there is a call for low heat.

Abstract: An improved system to control the flame, efficiency and flow rate in a waste oil feed system and burner. The system controller comprises a positive displacement waste oil pump, a variable speed motor connected to and driving said pump, and a motor speed control which control the speed of the motor, the speed of the pump and, consequently, the flow rate of the waste oil. Controlling the flow rate of the waste oil precisely allows the more efficient atomization and combustion of waste oils with different combustion and flow properties.

Abstract: A method for adjusting a burner during the start-up phase in a furnace operated with recirculated flue gas (3), the furnace is subjected to a pre-flushing period prior to start-up. The furnace is started with a constant fuel amount (5), the fresh air (2) aspirated from the outside at first being reduced by means of a control. In the beginning, the stoichiometric or near-stoichiometric air balance for combustion is provided by recirculation of the fresh air (4) in the furnace. Following ignition of the burner, an increase of fresh air (2) from the outside will take place as a function of the diminishing fresh air (4) from the furnace. The diminishing fresh air (4) recirculated from the furnace is replaced by also recirculated flue gases (3) in such a way that at the end of the start-up phase only a combustion air mixture consisting of fresh air (2) from the outside and recirculated flue gases (3) is used.

Abstract: A method for providing uniform temperature in a furnace, such as a soaking pit or a reheat furnace is disclosed. Temperatures at a front wall and a burner wall within the heating chamber are constantly monitored by a computer, and the computer operates a direct-fired burner, or for example, a pair of regenerative burners, in one of two modes to place heat either at the front wall or the burner wall. The burner is oversized in relation to a maximum firing rate required by the heating chamber design. To heat the front wall, an impulse firing mode is initiated by the computer wherein the burner is fired at its full, overrated capacity for a time proportionally less than a normal firing cycle. To heat the burner wall, the computer initiates a proportional firing mode wherein the burner is fired for the full normal cycle, but at a rate which is equivalent to the actual firing rate demand calculated by the computer.

Abstract: A blower burner capable of operating in two burner steps comprises a drive for an air throttle capable of running in a first direction from closed to open and in a second direction from open to closed, an auxiliary switch connected to the drive of the air throttle, a latch-free no-voltage relay, and a single-wire relay. The auxiliary switch is activated by the drive when the drive is running towards open position before the air throttle reaches the set position for the first burner step. The no-voltage relay is excited upon activation by the auxiliary switch. The single-wire relay operates under the control of the latch-free, no-voltage relay to cause the drive to switch over to drive towards the closed position after a built-in delay when the no-voltage relay has been excited.

Abstract: In order to accelerate the heating of a burner plate of a cooking appliance with a glass ceramic cooking surface and a radiant gas burner, the radiant gas burner is operated during the heating-up phase with an increased quantity of gas. The gas quantity is throttled to the normal rate at the latest upon reaching the operating temperature in the full load position. The time of throttling can either be predetermined by a time control or by determining the temperature of the burner plate. The gas quantity is throttled to achieve a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of compensating for a restricted intake in a two stage furnace. The furnace includes low and high pressure switches for determining if sufficient air is present to support low and high combustion. When the furnace operates at high combustion, the state of the high pressure switch is monitored to determine if the high pressure switch has changed state for a predetermined amount of time such as 15 seconds. The inducer fan is switched to low when insufficient air for high combustion has been indicated for such a predetermined time. If the state of the low pressure switch indicates that insufficient air is available for low combustion, then the inducer is turned on high.

Abstract: A high velocity web dryer which has a series of upper and lower air bars for floatingly suspending a running web as the web moves through the dryer. A hot air supplying system provides hot air to the bars for drying the web. The system includes a gas fired burner and a source of combustion air for the burner. A valve control is provided for controlling the admission of combustion air to the gas fired burner, and includes a movable valve for controllably admitting combustion air to the burner. The said valve control includes an initial air admitting valve for providing initial air through the valve control prior to partial opening of the valve control, to thereby provide a relatively smooth and excessive surge-free supply of air to the burner, whereby a stable air supply system in provided without oxygen starvation and without blowing out a flame of the burner.

Abstract: An improved steady state fuel burner assembly and method of operation for a space heater wherein fuel and combustion air are initially ignited within a burner assembly with the resulting higher pressure in the burner assembly causing throttling of combustion air into the burner assembly until a preselected lower pressure is reached compatible with steady state combustion through exhaustion of initially combusted gases.

Abstract: A gas valve for controlling the flow of a combustible, gaseous fuel to a burner employs a modular construction and is configurable to be fast or slow opening, to be step opening or to provide two firing rates in accordance with external signals applied thereto.

Abstract: An optical sensor (40) located in the manifold area (20) of an augmentor senses the presence of liquid. The engine control provides a high fuel flow rate from remotely located augmentor fuel control (58) until liquid is sensed. Flow is then reduced to the desired metered rate.

Abstract: A pulse-fired burner is operated by modulating a fuel supply rate between a pilot level and a main level to provide a flame the level of which modulates respectively between a pilot level during a non-firing phase and a main flame level during a firing phase. Air supplied at a pilot rate is premixed with the fuel before ignition, the pilot air level being sufficient to support combustion of the fuel at the pilot rate but not at the main rate. The supply of fuel is terminated if no flame is sensed.

Abstract: A method for igniting a multiburner furnace safely and reliably without need for an additional furnace purge if not all burners ignite initially, comprising attempting reignition at defined low firing rates and supplying fuel and oxidant to unignited burners at a high firing rate when a specified furnace temperature is reached.

Abstract: The feature of the present invention is that in the control device of the combustion apparatus, comprising an operational amplifier which compares a capacitor voltage charged by a flame rod current, with a reference voltage, thereby to issue an unusual signal, the reference voltage or the capacitor voltage is changed according to the atmosphere temperature by utilizing a thermo sensitive element, thereby the comparing operation is executed correctly irrespective of the atmosphere temperature.

Abstract: A flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer burner apparatus for burning a fuel such as acetylene as one essential gas in the oxidant such as nitrous oxide as another essential gas includes a system for safely changing oxidants between air and nitrous oxide during start up. The system has a pressure sensor for sensing the pressure of at least one of the essential gasses, and a valve selectively operable in response to the pressure sensor for effecting the supplying of air as the oxidant and continuing to supply air as the oxidant when the pressure of the essential gas is low and for selectively switching to nitrous oxide as the oxidant only when the pressure of the essential gas is high.

Abstract: A cooking station for gas ranges whose burner works with super-stoichiometric combustion air premixing. The burner head arranged in a burner tray is connected with a mixing pipe via a ceramic insulating ring. Between the burner head bottom and the burner head lid with the flat topside, we have two perforated flame opening rings which are arranged concentrically with respect to the burner axis, which are resistant to heat and which are resistant to oxidizing and reducing atmospheres. The perforation of the inner flame-opening ring is so dimensioned that the flames cannot backfire. Below the burner tray there is arranged a reflector. The cooking station can be covered with a glass ceramics plate. The invention achieves stable flame performance, perfect combustion, and waste gas poor in harmful substances at nominal load and at small adjustment heat load within a vast utilization field of gases with differing Wobbe indexes as well as a start-up cooking efficiency improvement compared to known burners.

Abstract: A variable firing rate burner with a throttle valve assembly that regulates fuel and air intake while maintaining a substantially constant fuel/air ratio over a wide fuel/air flow rate range. The throttle valve assembly includes a pivotally mounted throttle plate that seats on an input manifold, the throttle plate being moved by a driver between low and high firing rate positions. Fuel and air are drawn through the throttle valve assembly and into a mixing chamber by a blower and directed to a flameholder where ignition occurs.

Abstract: Apparatus and a method for controlling the flow of a fluid to a fluid-actuated system. The system is controlled by a sensor which senses a variable characteristic of the system, such as the air temperature. The apparatus includes a pair of solenoid valves, one valve being set to deliver a first volume of fluid per unit time and the other valve being set to deliver a second volume of fluid per unit time. The solenoid coil of one of the valves responds to the actuation and de-actuation of the sensor. The second valve has a solenoid coil controlled by a pair of switches. One of the switches is responsive to a first timing signal and the second switch is responsive to a second timing signal. One of the switches allows the second valve to be open for a first time interval during which the first valve is open; thereafter, the second valve is closed.

Abstract: A burner for use with liquid fuels in heating devices, especially vehicle heaters, as a low pressure atomizer arranged at one end of a combustion chamber that includes a burner insert and a nozzle projecting into an end of the burner insert that faces away from the combustion chamber, and a supply means for feeding a fuel and a primary air stream into the nozzle, at least the quantity of primary air passing through the burner being controllable automatically by a flow control valve and arrangement in dependence upon the temperature of the burner. Additionally, in accordance with preferred embodiments the flow control valve arrangement may be either a bimetallic ring or a bimetallic strip which opens or blocks off the passage of air in dependence on the temperature. In addition to controlling the primary combustion air, controlling of secondary air is also provided.

Abstract: A blue-flame oil burner including a flame-tube, a wall extending transvery of the flame-tube and defining the upstream end thereof, the wall having therein a metering orifice through which air enters the flame-tube, the orifice being the only air inlet into the flame-tube, an oil atomizing nozzle positioned upstream of the wall and discharging an oil spray through the orifice into the flame-tube, and a mixing tube positioned within the flame-tube co-axially of the orifice and having its upstream end spaced axially from the wall by a distance such that the peripheral area of the space between the wall and the upstream end of the mixing tube and defined within an imaginary upstream extension of the peripheral wall of the mixing tube to the transverse wall is between one and three times the difference between the cross-sectional area at the upstream end of the mixing tube and that at the orifice, the mixing tube having a length, L, and a diameter, D, such that the ratio L/D is between 1.0 and 1.